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Geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) and low-frequency zonal flow (LFZF) are both observed through Langmuir probe arrays during electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on the HL-2A tokamak edge. The radial distributions of the amplitude and peak frequency of GAM in floating potential fluctuations are investigated through rake probe arrays under different ECRH powers. It is observed that the GAM frequency would decrease and the intensity of carbon line emission would increase as the ECRH power exceeds a certain threshold. The analyses suggest that the impurity ions may play an important role in the GAM frequency at the edge region. It is also found that during the ECRH phase besides the mean flow, both GAM and LFZF are strengthened. The total fluctuation power and the fraction of that power associated with zonal flows both increase with the ECRH power, consistent with a predator–prey model. The auto- and cross-bicoherence analyses show the coupling between GAM and its second harmonic during the ECRH phase. Moreover, the results also suggest that the couplings between GAM and the components with multiple GAM frequency are strengthened. These couplings may be important for GAM saturation during the ECRH phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transitions between low (L-mode) and intermediate (I-phase) confinement regimes triggered by sawteeth are investigated using multiple Langmuir probe arrays in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak. The I-phase is characterized by limit-cycle oscillations (LCOs). Repeated L–I–L transitions induced by sawtooth heat pulses are also observed. Statistical analyses show that the delay time of the L–I transition relative to sawtooth crashes is less than ∼1 ms. The intensity of turbulence bursts in the I-phase is stronger than those observed in L-mode plasmas. Measurements are consistent with zonal flow reducing turbulence intensity in the frequency band ∼20–100 kHz, while the LCO turbulence of frequency higher than 100 kHz has more power than that in the L-mode. The analyses of time-resolved power transfers between turbulence and zonal flows suggest that power transfers exist between turbulence and zonal flows. The direction of the power transfers is from turbulence into geodesic acoustic modes in ohmic plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]