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2. Mammalian predator and prey responses to recreation and land use across multiple scales provide limited support for the human shield hypothesis.

Author

Granados, Alys, Sun, Catherine, Fisher, Jason T., Ladle, Andrew, Dawe, Kimberly, Beirne, Christopher, Boyce, Mark S., Chow, Emily, Heim, Nicole, Fennell, Mitchell, Klees van Bommel, Joanna, Naidoo, Robin, Procko, Michael, Stewart, Frances E. C., and Burton, A. Cole

Subjects
PREDATION, MULE deer, BLACK bear, LAND use, WILDLIFE monitoring, RECREATION areas, GRIZZLY bear
Abstract

Outdoor recreation is widespread, with uncertain effects on wildlife. The human shield hypothesis (HSH) suggests that recreation could have differential effects on predators and prey, with predator avoidance of humans creating a spatial refuge 'shielding' prey from people. The generality of the HSH remains to be tested across larger scales, wherein human shielding may prove generalizable, or diminish with variability in ecological contexts. We combined data from 446 camera traps and 79,279 sampling days across 10 landscapes spanning 15,840 km2 in western Canada. We used hierarchical models to quantify the influence of recreation and landscape disturbance (roads, logging) on ungulate prey (moose, mule deer and elk) and carnivore (wolf, grizzly bear, cougar and black bear) site use. We found limited support for the HSH and strong responses to recreation at local but not larger spatial scales. Only mule deer showed positive but weak landscape‐level responses to recreation. Elk were positively associated with local recreation while moose and mule deer responses were negative, contrary to HSH predictions. Mule deer showed a more complex interaction between recreation and land‐use disturbance, with more negative responses to recreation at lower road density or higher logged areas. Contrary to HSH predictions, carnivores did not avoid recreation and grizzly bear site use was positively associated. We also tested the effects of roads and logging on temporal activity overlap between mule deer and recreation, expecting deer to minimize interaction with humans by partitioning time in areas subject to more habitat disturbance. However, temporal overlap between people and deer increased with road density. Our findings highlight the complex ecological patterns that emerge at macroecological scales. There is a need for expanded monitoring of human and wildlife use of recreation areas, particularly multi‐scale and ‐species approaches to studying the interacting effects of recreation and land‐use change on wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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3. PREDICTS: site-level summary biodiversity and pressure data

Author

Hudson, Lawrence, Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha L L, Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen, Senior, Rebecca A, Bennett, Dominic J, Booth, Hollie, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David L P, Day, Julie, Echeverría-Londoño, Susy, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle L K, Ingram, Daniel J, Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum, Pan, Yuan, White, Hannah J, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B, Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A, Ancrenaz, Marc, Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B, Baeten, Lander, Báldi, András, Banks, John E, Barlow, Jos, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J, Bayne, Erin M, Beja, Pedro, Berg, Åke, Berry, Nicholas J, Bicknell, Jake E, Bihn, Jochen H, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boekhout, Teun, Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Brearley, Francis Q, Brito, Isabel, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buscardo, Erika, Cabra-García, Jimmy, Calviño-Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A, Cancello, Eliana M, Carrijo, Tiago F, Carvalho, Anelena L, Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A, B, Rolando Cerda, Cerezo, Alexis, Chauvat, Matthieu, Clarke, Francis M, Cleary, Daniel F R, Connop, Stuart P, D'Aniello, Biagio, da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Dejean, Alain, Diekötter, Tim, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dormann, Carsten F, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G, Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M, Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M, Ficetola, Gentile F, Filgueiras, Bruno K C, Fonte, Steven J, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, Garden, Jenni G, Gheler-Costa, Carla, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Gottschalk, Marco S, Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D, Grogan, James, Hanley, Mick E, Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R, Hawes, Joseph E, Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J, Henden, John-André, Hernández, Lionel, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Horgan, Finbarr G, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T, Jaramillo, Víctor J, Jauker, Birgit, Jonsell, Mats, Jung, Thomas S., Kapoor, Vena, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kessler, Michael, Knop, Eva, Kolb, Annette, Kőrösi, Ádám, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Letcher, Susan G, Littlewood, Nick, López-Quintero, Carlos A, Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marshall, E J P, Martínez, Eliana, Mayfield, Margaret M, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C, Miller, James R, Morales, Carolina L, Muchane, Mary N, Muchane, Muchai, Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Akihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Gutierrez, Dario A Navarrete, Neuschulz, Eike L, Holstein, Norbert, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Nöske, Nicole M, O'Dea, Niall, Oduro, William, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Christopher Omamoke, Osgathorpe, Lynne M, Paritsis, Juan, Parra-H, Alejandro, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Peres, Carlos A, Persson, Anna S, Hayes, Peta Angela, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T Keith, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Presley, Steven J, Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A, Reid, J Leighton, Reis, Yana T, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richardson, Barbara A, Richardson, Michael J, Robles, Carolina A, Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J, Roulston, T'ai H, Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A, Samnegård, Ulrika, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Sedlock, Jodi L, Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Sheil, Douglas, Silva, Fernando A B, Slade, Eleanor M, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Sodhi, Navjot S, Somarriba, Eduardo J, Sosa, Ramón A, Stout, Jane C, Struebig, Matthew J, Sung, Yik-Hei, Threlfall, Caragh G, Tonietto, Rebecca K, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C, Tylianakis, Jason, Vanbergen, Adam, Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A F, Vergara, Carlos H, Vergara, Pablo M, Verhulst, Jort, Walker, Tony R, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I, Wells, Konstans, Williams, Christopher, Willig, Michael R, Woinarski, John C Z, Wolf, Jan H D, Woodcock, Ben A, Yu, Douglas W, Zaitsev, Andrey S, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M, Mace, Georgina M, Purves, Drew W, Scharlemann, Jorn, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
terrestrial biodiversity, land cover, land use, alpha diversity, global change, habitat destruction
Abstract

This dataset contains site-level summaries of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The underlying database is being assembled as part of the [PREDICTS project](https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/predicts.html) - Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems. A complete description of the data is given in [https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1303](https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1303).

Published
2015
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4. Precipitation and tree cover gradients structure avian alpha diversity in North‐western Costa Rica.

Author

Echeverri, Alejandra, Frishkoff, Luke O., Gomez, Juan Pablo, Zook, Jim R., Juárez, Pedro, Naidoo, Robin, Chan, Kai M. A., Karp, Daniel S., and Strubbe, Diederik

Subjects
METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, BIRD diversity, BIRD communities, LAND use, SPECIES diversity, SHRUBLANDS
Abstract

Aim: Changes in climate and land use are modifying biodiversity worldwide. Yet it remains unclear how both drivers interact to structure communities and determine patterns in taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity at local scales. We focused on bird diversity and asked: how do precipitation and forest cover gradients interactively structure these elements of avian diversity? Location: Guanacaste, North‐western Costa Rica. Methods: We quantified changes in the abundance and composition of bird communities along independent gradients of regional precipitation, local forest cover and landscape forest cover that serve as proxies for climate drying and habitat conversion. We conducted point counts at 150 sites and statistically accounted for imperfect detection to test how environmental variation shaped community‐wide diversity metrics. Results: We found that the three dimensions of diversity diverged in their responses to environmental gradients. Specifically, species richness increased linearly with precipitation, reached maximum values with intermediate tree cover at local scales and peaked at high levels of landscape tree cover. While phylogenetic diversity did not vary strongly across any gradient, functional diversity increased monotonically with both local and landscape‐level tree cover. Maximum values of functional diversity only occurred in large patches of forest where the tree cover was >75% at both local and landscape scales. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect significant interactions between precipitation and tree cover gradients on any metric of local bird diversity. Main conclusions: Our findings suggest that taxonomic diversity was more sensitive to environmental gradients than functional and phylogenetic diversity. The lack of synergies between precipitation and forest cover gradients on alpha diversity, at least in this system, simplifies the prospects of predicting future biodiversity change at local scales as our results suggest that climate change and land use act independently of one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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5. Economic benefits of biodiversity exceed costs of conservation at an African rainforest reserve.

Author

Naidoo, Robin and Adamowicz, Wiktor L.

Subjects
*BIODIVERSITY, *CONSERVATION of natural resources, *BIOTIC communities, *LAND use, *FOREST animals, *HABITATS
Abstract

Economic research on biodiversity conservation has focused on the costs of conservation reserves and the benefits of intact ecosystems; however, no study has simultaneously considered the costs and benefits of species diversity, a fundamental component of biodiversity. We quantified the costs and benefits of avian biodiversity at a rainforest reserve in Uganda through a combination of economic surveys of tourists, spatial land-use analyses, and species-area relationships. Our results show that revising entrance fees and redistributing ecotourism revenues would protect 114 of 143 forest bird species (80%) under current market conditions. This total would increase to 131 species (≈90%) if entrance fees were optimized to capture the tourist's willingness to pay for forest visits and the chance of seeing increased numbers of bird species. In contrast, the cost of purchasing agricultural land for ecological rehabilitation of the avian habitat would be economically prohibitive. These results suggest that local biodiversity markets could play a positive role in tropical conservation strategies if the appropriate institutions for redistribution can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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6. The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N, Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha LL, Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen RP, Alhusseini, Tamera I, Bedford, Felicity E, Bennett, Dominic J, Booth, Hollie, Burton, Victoria J, Chng, Charlotte WT, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David LP, Day, Julie, Echeverría-Londoño, Susy, Emerson, Susan R, Gao, Di, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle LK, Ingram, Daniel J, Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D, Pan, Yuan, Pask-Hale, Gwilym D, Pynegar, Edwin L, Robinson, Alexandra N, Sanchez-Ortiz, Katia, Senior, Rebecca A, Simmons, Benno I, White, Hannah J, Zhang, Hanbin, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B, Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A, Albertos, Belén, Alcala, EL, Del Mar Alguacil, Maria, Alignier, Audrey, Ancrenaz, Marc, Andersen, Alan N, Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aumann, Tom, Axmacher, Jan C, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B, Baeten, Lander, Bakayoko, Adama, Báldi, András, Banks, John E, Baral, Sharad K, Barlow, Jos, Barratt, Barbara IP, Barrico, Lurdes, Bartolommei, Paola, Barton, Diane M, Basset, Yves, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J, Baur, Bruno, Bayne, Erin M, Beja, Pedro, Benedick, Suzan, Berg, Åke, Bernard, Henry, Berry, Nicholas J, Bhatt, Dinesh, Bicknell, Jake E, Bihn, Jochen H, Blake, Robin J, Bobo, Kadiri S, Bóçon, Roberto, Boekhout, Teun, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bonham, Kevin J, Borges, Paulo AV, Borges, Sérgio H, Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Bragagnolo, Cibele, Brandt, Jodi S, Brearley, Francis Q, Brito, Isabel, Bros, Vicenç, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buddle, Christopher M, Bugter, Rob, Buscardo, Erika, Buse, Jörn, Cabra-García, Jimmy, Cáceres, Nilton C, Cagle, Nicolette L, Calviño-Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A, Cancello, Eliana M, Caparrós, Rut, Cardoso, Pedro, Carpenter, Dan, Carrijo, Tiago F, Carvalho, Anelena L, Cassano, Camila R, Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A, Rolando, Cerda B, Cerezo, Alexis, Chapman, Kim Alan, Chauvat, Matthieu, Christensen, Morten, Clarke, Francis M, Cleary, Daniel FR, Colombo, Giorgio, Connop, Stuart P, Craig, Michael D, Cruz-López, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A, D'Aniello, Biagio, D'Cruze, Neil, Da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Dallimer, Martin, Danquah, Emmanuel, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Davis, Adrian LV, Dawson, Jeff, De Sassi, Claudio, De Thoisy, Benoit, Deheuvels, Olivier, Dejean, Alain, Devineau, Jean-Louis, Diekötter, Tim, Dolia, Jignasu V, Domínguez, Erwin, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dorn, Silvia, Draper, Isabel, Dreber, Niels, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G, Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Eggleton, Paul, Eigenbrod, Felix, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H, Esler, Karen J, De Lima, Ricardo F, Faruk, Aisyah, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M, Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M, Fensham, Roderick J, Fernandez, Ignacio C, Ferreira, Catarina C, Ficetola, Gentile F, Fiera, Cristina, Filgueiras, Bruno KC, Fırıncıoğlu, Hüseyin K, Flaspohler, David, Floren, Andreas, Fonte, Steven J, Fournier, Anne, Fowler, Robert E, Franzén, Markus, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Fredriksson, Gabriella M, Freire, Geraldo B, Frizzo, Tiago LM, Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Gaigher, René, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, García, Karla P, Garcia-R, Juan C, Garden, Jenni G, Garilleti, Ricardo, Ge, Bao-Ming, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gerard, Philippa J, Gheler-Costa, Carla, Gilbert, Benjamin, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Golodets, Carly, Gomes, Laurens GL, Gould, Rachelle K, Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D, Granjon, Laurent, Grass, Ingo, Gray, Claudia L, Grogan, James, Gu, Weibin, Guardiola, Moisès, Gunawardene, Nihara R, Gutierrez, Alvaro G, Gutiérrez-Lamus, Doris L, Haarmeyer, Daniela H, Hanley, Mick E, Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R, Hassan, Shombe N, Hatfield, Richard G, Hawes, Joseph E, Hayward, Matt W, Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J, Henden, John-André, Henschel, Philipp, Hernández, Lionel, Herrera, James P, Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Höfer, Hubert, Hoffmann, Anke, Horgan, Finbarr G, Hornung, Elisabeth, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishida, Hiroaki, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T, Jaramillo, Víctor J, Jauker, Birgit, Hernández, F Jiménez, Johnson, McKenzie F, Jolli, Virat, Jonsell, Mats, Juliani, S Nur, Jung, Thomas S, Kapoor, Vena, Kappes, Heike, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kellner, Klaus, Kessler, Michael, Kirby, Kathryn R, Kittle, Andrew M, Knight, Mairi E, Knop, Eva, Kohler, Florian, Koivula, Matti, Kolb, Annette, Kone, Mouhamadou, Kőrösi, Ádám, Krauss, Jochen, Kumar, Ajith, Kumar, Raman, Kurz, David J, Kutt, Alex S, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Lara, Francisco, Lasky, Jesse R, Latta, Steven C, Laurance, William F, Lavelle, Patrick, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Lehouck, Valérie, Lencinas, María V, Lentini, Pia E, Letcher, Susan G, Li, Qi, Litchwark, Simon A, Littlewood, Nick A, Liu, Yunhui, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy, López-Quintero, Carlos A, Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H, Luskin, Matthew S, MacSwiney G, M Cristina, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Malone, Louise A, Malonza, Patrick K, Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Mandujano, Salvador, Måren, Inger E, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marsh, Charles J, Marshall, EJP, Martínez, Eliana, Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Moreno Mateos, David, Mayfield, Margaret M, Mazimpaka, Vicente, McCarthy, Jennifer L, McCarthy, Kyle P, McFrederick, Quinn S, McNamara, Sean, Medina, Nagore G, Medina, Rafael, Mena, Jose L, Mico, Estefania, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C, Miller, James R, Miranda-Esquivel, Daniel R, Moir, Melinda L, Morales, Carolina L, Muchane, Mary N, Muchane, Muchai, Mudri-Stojnic, Sonja, Munira, A Nur, Muoñz-Alonso, Antonio, Munyekenye, BF, Naidoo, Robin, Naithani, A, Nakagawa, Michiko, Nakamura, Akihiro, Nakashima, Yoshihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarrete Gutierrez, Dario A, Navarro-Iriarte, Luis, Ndang'ang'a, Paul K, Neuschulz, Eike L, Ngai, Jacqueline T, Nicolas, Violaine, Nilsson, Sven G, Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Norton, David A, Nöske, Nicole M, Nowakowski, A Justin, Numa, Catherine, O'Dea, Niall, O'Farrell, Patrick J, Oduro, William, Oertli, Sabine, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Christopher Omamoke, Oostra, Vicencio, Osgathorpe, Lynne M, Otavo, Samuel Eduardo, Page, Navendu V, Paritsis, Juan, Parra-H, Alejandro, Parry, Luke, Pe'er, Guy, Pearman, Peter B, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Pélissier, Raphaël, Peres, Carlos A, Peri, Pablo L, Persson, Anna S, Petanidou, Theodora, Peters, Marcell K, Pethiyagoda, Rohan S, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T Keith, Pillsbury, Finn C, Pincheira-Ulbrich, Jimmy, Pineda, Eduardo, Pino, Joan, Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, Plumptre, AJ, Poggio, Santiago L, Politi, Natalia, Pons, Pere, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Presley, Steven J, Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Ramesh, BR, Ramirez-Pinilla, Martha P, Ranganathan, Jai, Rasmussen, Claus, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A, Reid, J Leighton, Reis, Yana T, Rey Benayas, José M, Rey-Velasco, Juan Carlos, Reynolds, Chevonne, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richards, Miriam H, Richardson, Barbara A, Richardson, Michael J, Ríos, Rodrigo Macip, Robinson, Richard, Robles, Carolina A, Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rös, Matthias, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J, Roth, Dana S, Roulston, T'ai H, Rousseau, Laurent, Rubio, André V, Ruel, Jean-Claude, Sadler, Jonathan P, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A, Sam, Katerina, Samnegård, Ulrika, Santana, Joana, Santos, Xavier, Savage, Jade, Schellhorn, Nancy A, Schilthuizen, Menno, Schmiedel, Ute, Schmitt, Christine B, Schon, Nicole L, Schüepp, Christof, Schumann, Katharina, Schweiger, Oliver, Scott, Dawn M, Scott, Kenneth A, Sedlock, Jodi L, Seefeldt, Steven S, Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Shannon, Graeme, Sheil, Douglas, Sheldon, Frederick H, Shochat, Eyal, Siebert, Stefan J, Silva, Fernando AB, Simonetti, Javier A, Slade, Eleanor M, Smith, Jo, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Sodhi, Navjot S, Somarriba, Eduardo J, Sosa, Ramón A, Soto Quiroga, Grimaldo, St-Laurent, Martin-Hugues, Starzomski, Brian M, Stefanescu, Constanti, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stouffer, Philip C, Stout, Jane C, Strauch, Ayron M, Struebig, Matthew J, Su, Zhimin, Suarez-Rubio, Marcela, Sugiura, Shinji, Summerville, Keith S, Sung, Yik-Hei, Sutrisno, Hari, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Teder, Tiit, Threlfall, Caragh G, Tiitsaar, Anu, Todd, Jacqui H, Tonietto, Rebecca K, Torre, Ignasi, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C, Tylianakis, Jason M, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Urbina-Cardona, Nicolas, Vallan, Denis, Vanbergen, Adam J, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans AF, Verdasca, Maria João, Verdú, José R, Vergara, Carlos H, Vergara, Pablo M, Verhulst, Jort, Virgilio, Massimiliano, Vu, Lien Van, Waite, Edward M, Walker, Tony R, Wang, Hua-Feng, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I, Weller, Britta, Wells, Konstans, Westphal, Catrin, Wiafe, Edward D, Williams, Christopher D, Willig, Michael R, Woinarski, John CZ, Wolf, Jan HD, Wolters, Volkmar, Woodcock, Ben A, Wu, Jihua, Wunderle, Joseph M, Yamaura, Yuichi, Yoshikura, Satoko, Yu, Douglas W, Zaitsev, Andrey S, Zeidler, Juliane, Zou, Fasheng, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M, Mace, Georgina M, Purves, Drew W, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
global biodiversity modeling, data sharing, land use, 15. Life on land, global change, habitat destruction
Abstract

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

7. The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N, Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha LL, Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen RP, Senior, Rebecca A, Bennett, Dominic J, Booth, Hollie, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David LP, Day, Julie, Echeverría-Londoño, Susy, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle LK, Ingram, Daniel J, Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D, Pan, Yuan, White, Hannah J, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B, Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A, Ancrenaz, Marc, Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B, Baeten, Lander, Báldi, András, Banks, John E, Barlow, Jos, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J, Bayne, Erin M, Beja, Pedro, Berg, Åke, Berry, Nicholas J, Bicknell, Jake E, Bihn, Jochen H, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boekhout, Teun, Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Brearley, Francis Q, Brito, Isabel, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buscardo, Erika, Cabra-García, Jimmy, Calviño-Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A, Cancello, Eliana M, Carrijo, Tiago F, Carvalho, Anelena L, Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A, Cerda, Rolando, Cerezo, Alexis, Chauvat, Matthieu, Clarke, Frank M, Cleary, Daniel FR, Connop, Stuart P, D'Aniello, Biagio, Da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Dejean, Alain, Diekötter, Tim, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dormann, Carsten F, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G, Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M, Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M, Ficetola, Gentile F, Filgueiras, Bruno KC, Fonte, Steven J, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, Garden, Jenni G, Gheler-Costa, Carla, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Gottschalk, Marco S, Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D, Grogan, James, Hanley, Mick E, Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R, Hawes, Joseph E, Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J, Henden, John-André, Hernández, Lionel, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Horgan, Finbarr G, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T, Jaramillo, Víctor J, Jauker, Birgit, Jonsell, Mats, Jung, Thomas S, Kapoor, Vena, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kessler, Michael, Knop, Eva, Kolb, Annette, Kőrösi, Ádám, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Letcher, Susan G, Littlewood, Nick A, López-Quintero, Carlos A, Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marshall, EJP, Martínez, Eliana, Mayfield, Margaret M, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C, Miller, James R, Morales, Carolina L, Muchane, Mary N, Muchane, Muchai, Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Akihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarrete Gutierrez, Dario A, Neuschulz, Eike L, Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Nöske, Nicole M, O'Dea, Niall, Oduro, William, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Chris O, Osgathorpe, Lynne M, Paritsis, Juan, Parra-H, Alejandro, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Peres, Carlos A, Persson, Anna S, Petanidou, Theodora, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T Keith, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Presley, Steven J, Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A, Reid, J Leighton, Reis, Yana T, Ribeiro, Danilo B, Richardson, Barbara A, Richardson, Michael J, Robles, Carolina A, Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J, Roulston, T'ai H, Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan P, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A, Samnegård, Ulrika, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Sedlock, Jodi L, Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Sheil, Douglas, Silva, Fernando AB, Slade, Eleanor M, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Sodhi, Navjot S, Somarriba, Eduardo J, Sosa, Ramón A, Stout, Jane C, Struebig, Matthew J, Sung, Yik-Hei, Threlfall, Caragh G, Tonietto, Rebecca, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C, Tylianakis, Jason M, Vanbergen, Adam J, Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans AF, Vergara, Carlos H, Vergara, Pablo M, Verhulst, Jort, Walker, Tony R, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I, Wells, Konstans, Williams, Christopher D, Willig, Michael R, Woinarski, John CZ, Wolf, Jan HD, Woodcock, Ben A, Yu, Douglas W, Zaitsev, Andrey S, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M, Mace, Georgina M, Purves, Drew W, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
land use, Data sharing, 14. Life underwater, 15. Life on land, global change, habitat destruction
Abstract

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - http://www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.

8. The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N., Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha L. L., Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen R. P., Senior, Rebecca A., Bennett, Dominic J., Booth, Hollie, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David L. P., Day, Julie, Echeverria-Londono, Susy, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle L. K., Ingram, Daniel J., Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D., Pan, Yuan, White, Hannah J., Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B., Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo, Ancrenaz, Marc, Arbelaez-Cortes, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrian B., Baeten, Lander, Báldi, András, Banks, John E., Barlow, Jos, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J., Bayne, Erin M., Beja, Pedro, Berg, Ake, Berry, Nicholas J., Bicknell, Jake E., Bihn, Jochen H., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boekhout, Teun, Boutin, Celine, Bouyer, Jeremy, Brearley, Francis Q., Brito, Isabel, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buscardo, Erika, Cabra-Garcia, Jimmy, Calvino-Cancela, Maria, Cameron, Sydney A., Cancello, Eliana M., Carrijo, Tiago F., Carvalho, Anelena L., Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A., Cerda, Rolando, Cerezo, Alexis, Chauvat, Matthieu, Clarke, Frank M., Cleary, Daniel F. R., Connop, Stuart P., D'Aniello, Biagio, da Silva, Pedro Giovani, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Dejean, Alain, Diekötter, Tim, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dormann, Carsten F., Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G., Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H., Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M., Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M., Ficetola, Gentile F., Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Fonte, Steve J., Fraser, Lauchlan H., Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Garden, Jenni G., Gheler-Costa, Carla, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Gottschalk, Marco S., Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D., Grogan, James, Hanley, Mick E., Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R., Hawes, Joseph E., Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J., Henden, John-André, Hernández, Lionel, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Horgan, Finbarr G., Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishitani, Mashiro, Jacobs, Carmen T., Jaramillo, Victor J., Jauker, Birgit, Jonsell, Matts, Jung, Thomas S., Kapoor, Vena, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kessler, Michael, Knop, Eva, Kolb, Annette, Körösi, Àdám, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Letcher, Susan G., Littlewood, Nick A., López-Quintero, Carlos A., Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L., Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H., Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marhall, E. J. P., Martínez, Eliana, Mayfield, Margaret M., Mikusinski, Gregorz, Milder, Jeffery C., Miller, James R., Morales, Carolina L., Muchane, Mary N., Muchane, Muchai, Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Akihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarerete Gutierrez, Dario A., Neuschulz, Eike L., Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Nöske, Nicole M., O'Dea, Niall, Oduro, William, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Chris O., Osgathorpe, Lynne M., Paritsis, Juan, Parrah, Alejandro, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Peres, Carlos A., Persson, Anna S., Petanidou, Theodora, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T. Keith, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F., Presley, Steven J., Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A., Reid, J. Leighton, Reis, Yana T., Ribeiro, Danilo B., Richardson, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Robles, Carolina A., Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J., Roulston, T'ai H., Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan P., Sáfián, Szbolcs, Saldaña-Vásquez, Romeo A., Samnegård, Ulrika, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Sedlock, Jodi L., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Sheil, Douglas, Silva, Fernando A. B., Slade, Eleanor, Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Sodhi, Navjot S., Somarriba, Eduardo J., Sosa, Ramón A., Stout, Jane C., Struebig, Matthew J., Sung, Yik-Hei, Threlfall, Caragh G., Tonietto, Rebecca, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C., Tylianakis, Jason M., Vanbergen, Adam J., Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A. F., Vergara, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Verhulst, Jort, Walker, Tony R., Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I., Wells, Konstans, Williams, Christopher D., Willig, Michael R., Woinarski, John C. Z., Wolf, Jan H. D., Woodcock, Ben A., Yu, Douglas W., Zailsev, Andreys, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M., Mace, Georgina M., Purves, Drew W., Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Pervis, Andy, Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Lawrence N., Hudson, Tim, Newbold, Sara, Contu, Samantha L. L., Hill, Igor, Lysenko, Adriana De, Palma, Helen R. P., Phillip, Rebecca A., Senior, Dominic J., Bennett, Hollie, Booth, Argyrios, Choime, David L. P., Correia, Julie, Day, Susy Echeverrıa, London, Morgan, Garon, Michelle L. K., Harrison, Daniel J., Ingram, Martin, Jung, Victoria, Kemp, Lucinda, Kirkpatrick, Callum D., Martin, Yuan, Pan, Hannah J., White, Job, Aben, Stefan, Abrahamczyk, Gilbert B., Adum, Virginia Aguilar, Barquero, Marcelo A., Aizen, Marc, Ancrenaz, Enrique Arbelaez, Corte, Inge, Armbrecht, Badrul, Azhar, Adrian B., Azpiroz, Lander, Baeten, Andras, Baldi, John E., Bank, Jos, Barlow, Peter, Batary, Adam J., Bate, Erin M., Bayne, Pedro, Beja, Ake, Berg, Nicholas J., Berry, Jake E., Bicknell, Jochen H., Bihn, Katrin B€ohning, Gaese, Teun, Boekhout, Celine, Boutin, Jeremy, Bouyer, Francis Q., Brearley, Isabel, Brito, J€org, Brunet, Grzegorz, Buczkowski, Erika, Buscardo, Tiago F., Carrijo, Anelena L., Carvalho, Helena, Castro, Alejandro A., Castro Luna, Rolando, Cerda, Alexis, Cerezo, Matthieu, Chauvat, Frank M., Clarke, Daniel F. R., Cleary, Stuart P., Connop, D'Aniello, Biagio, Pedro Giovani da, Silva, Ben, Darvill, Jens, Dauber, Alain, Dejean, Tim, Diekotter, Yamileth Dominguez, Haydar, Carsten F., Dormann, Bertrand, Dumont, Simon G., Dure, Mats, Dynesiu, Lars, Edeniu, Zoltan, Elek, Martin H., Entling, Nina, Farwig, Tom M., Fayle, Antonio, Felicioli, Annika M., Felton, Gentile F., Ficetola, Bruno K. C., Filgueira, Steven J., Fonte, Lauchlan H., Fraser, Daisuke, Fukuda, Dario, Furlani, Jeorg U., Ganzhorn, Jenni G., Garden, Carla Gheler, Costa, Paolo, Giordani, Giordano, Simonetta, Marco S., Gottschalk, Dave, Goulson, Aaron D., Gove, James, Grogan, Mick E., Hanley, Thor, Hanson, Nor R., Hashim, Joseph E., Hawe, Christian, Hebert, Alvin J., Helden, John Andre, Henden, Lionel, Hernandez, Felix, Herzog, Diego Higuera, Diaz, Branko, Hilje, Finbarr G., Horgan, Roland, Horvath, Kristoffer, Hylander, Paola Isaacs, Cubide, Masahiro, Ishitani, Carmen T., Jacob, Vıctor J., Jaramillo, Birgit, Jauker, Mats, Jonsell, Thomas S., Jung, Vena, Kapoor, Vassiliki, Kati, Eric, Katovai, Michael, Kessler, Eva, Knop, Annette, Kolb, Adam, Koreosi, Thibault, Lachat, Victoria, Lantschner, Violette Le, Feon, Gretchen, Lebuhn, Jean Philippe, Legare, Susan G., Letcher, Nick A., Littlewood, Carlos A., Lopez Quintero, Mounir, Louhaichi, Gabor L., Leovei, Manuel Esteban Lucas, Borja, Victor H., Luja, Kaoru, Maeto, Tibor, Magura, Neil Aldrin, Mallari, Erika Marin, Spiotta, E. J. P., Marshall, Eliana, Martınez, Margaret M., Mayfield, Grzegorz, Mikusinski, Jeffrey C., Milder, James R., Miller, Carolina L., Morale, Mary N., Muchane, Muchai, Muchane, Robin, Naidoo, Akihiro, Nakamura, Shoji, Naoe, Guiomar Nates, Parra, Dario A., Navarrete Gutierrez, Eike L., Neuschulz, Norbertas, Noreika, Olivia, Norfolk, Jorge Ari, Noriega, Nicole M., Neoske, Niall, O’Dea, William, Oduro, Caleb Ofori, Boateng, Chris O., Oke, Lynne M., Osgathorpe, Juan, Paritsi, Alejandro Parra, H, Nicolas, Pelegrin, Carlos A., Pere, Anna S., Persson, Theodora, Petanidou, Ben, Phalan, T., Keith Philip, Katja, Poveda, Eileen F., Power, Steven J., Presley, Vania, Proenca, Marino, Quaranta, Carolina, Quintero, Nicola A., Redpath Downing, J., Leighton Reid, Yana T., Rei, Danilo B., Ribeiro, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Richardson, Carolina A., Roble, Jeorg, Reombke, Luz Piedad Romero, Duque, Loreta, Rosselli, Stephen J., Rossiter, T’ai H., Roulston, Laurent, Rousseau, Jonathan P., Sadler, Szabolcs, Safian, Romeo A., Saldana Vazquez, Ulrika, Samnegard, Christof, Scheuepp, Oliver, Schweiger, Jodi L., Sedlock, Ghazala, Shahabuddin, Douglas, Sheil, Fernando A. B., Silva, Eleanor M., Slade, Allan H., Smith Pardo, Navjot S., Sodhi, Eduardo J., Somarriba, Ramon A., Sosa, Jane C., Stout, Matthew J., Struebig, Yik Hei, Sung, Caragh G., Threlfall, Rebecca, Tonietto, Bela, Tothmeresz, Teja, Tscharntke, Edgar C., Turner, Jason M., Tylianaki, Adam J., Vanbergen, Kiril, Vassilev, Hans A. F., Verboven, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Vergara, Jort, Verhulst, Tony R., Walker, Yanping, Wang, James I., Watling, Konstans, Well, Christopher D., William, Michael R., Willig, John C. Z., Woinarski, Jan H. D., Wolf, Ben A., Woodcock, Douglas W., Yu, Andrey S., Zaitsev, Ben, Collen, Rob M., Ewer, Georgina M., Mace, Drew W., Purve, Jeorn P. W., Scharlemann, Andy, Purvis, Pan, Yuan [0000-0003-2729-6377], Littlewood, Nick [0000-0002-6672-0639], Phalan, Benjamin [0000-0001-7876-7226], Turner, Edgar [0000-0003-2715-2234], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
BOMBUS SPP. HYMENOPTERA, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, Data sharing, Global change, Habitat destruction, Land use, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Reptilia, Evolution, global change, habitat destruction, land use, education, INTENSIVELY MANAGED FARMLAND, Biológiai tudományok, NORTHEASTERN COSTA-RICA, BIRD SPECIES RICHNESS, Ecology and Environment, Magnoliophyta, MEXICAN COFFEE PLANTATIONS, Amphibia, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, BUMBLEBEE NEST DENSITY, Behavior and Systematics, Természettudományok, ddc:570, Biology, DUNG BEETLE COLEOPTERA, 1172 Environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Original Research, QL, QH0075, QH, PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, Biology and Life Sciences, LAND-USE CHANGE, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Chemistry, URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT, Mammalia, Gymnospermae, Aves
Abstract

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015. The collation of biodiversity datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents is necessary to understand historical declines and to project - and hopefully avert - future declines. We describe a newly collated database of more than 1.6 million biodiversity measurements from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. © 2014 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

9. Opportunity costs: Who really pays for conservation?

Author

Adams, Vanessa M., Pressey, Robert L., and Naidoo, Robin

Subjects
*OPPORTUNITY costs, *BIODIVERSITY conservation, *LAND use, *RANCHING, *CONJOINT analysis, *ECOLOGICAL reserves, DEVELOPING countries
Abstract

Abstract: Designing conservation areas entails costs that, if considered explicitly, can be minimized while still achieving conservation targets. Here we focus on opportunity costs which measure forgone benefits from alternative land uses. Conservation planning studies often use partial estimates of costs, but the extent to which these result in actual efficiencies has not been demonstrated. Our study partitions land costs into three distinct opportunity costs to smallholder agriculture, soybean agriculture and ranching. We demonstrate that opportunity costs to single stakeholder groups can be inaccurate measures of true opportunity costs and can inadvertently shift conservation costs to affect groups of stakeholders disproportionately. Additionally, we examine how spatial correlations between costs as well as target size affect the performance of opportunity costs to single stakeholder groups as surrogate measures of true opportunity costs. We conclude that planning with opportunity costs to single stakeholder groups can result in cost burdens to other groups that could undermine the long-term success of conservation. Thus, an understanding of the spatial distributions of opportunity costs that are disaggregated to groups of stakeholders is necessary to make informed decisions about priority conservation areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
Full Text
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10. Tourism opportunities drive woodland and wildlife conservation outcomes of community-based conservation in Namibia's Zambezi region.

Author

Meyer, Maximilian, Klingelhoeffer, Ekkehard, Naidoo, Robin, Wingate, Vladimir, and Börner, Jan

Subjects
*WILDLIFE conservation, *NATURAL resources management, *FORESTS & forestry, *CORRIDORS (Ecology), *LAND use, *FOREST degradation
Abstract

Initiatives to promote community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) have been evaluated with mixed results in socio-economic and ecological outcome dimensions. In Namibia, community conservancies are being established since the 1990s mainly to reconcile wildlife conservation and rural development. As Namibia gears up for participation in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), land use and land cover change and related biomass carbon dynamics may become increasingly important additional outcome indicators for the country's approach to CBNRM. Based on a social-ecological conceptual framework, we identify spatially heterogeneous local context factors that may drive positive and negative effects of CBNRM on vegetation cover in Namibia's Zambezi region. We test our theoretical predictions using panel data in a spatially explicit, quasi-experimental evaluation design and find that, on average, CBNRM somewhat increased elephant presence, but had a negative effect on woodland cover. Heterogeneous treatment effect analysis indicates that CBNRM does work for woodland conservation when communities are located in and around wildlife corridors, which provide tourism income opportunities. Despite success in stabilizing wildlife populations in the region, our results suggest that complementary conservation incentives may be required to make Namibia's CBNRM model fit for REDD+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
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11. The database of the Predicts (Projecting responses of ecological diversity in changing terrestrial systems) project

Author

Hudson, LN, Newbold, T, Contu, S, Hill, SLL, Lysenko, I, De Palma, A, Phillips, HRP, Alhusseini, TI, Bedford, FE, Bennett, DJ, Booth, H, Burton, VJ, Chng, CWT, Choimes, A, Correia, DLP, Day, J, Echeverría-Londoño, S, Emerson, SR, Gao, D, Garon, M, Harrison, MLK, Ingram, DJ, Jung, M, Kemp, V, Kirkpatrick, L, Martin, CD, Pan, Y, Pask-Hale, GD, Pynegar, EL, Robinson, AN, Sanchez-Ortiz, K, Senior, RA, Simmons, BI, White, HJ, Zhang, H, Aben, J, Abrahamczyk, S, Adum, GB, Aguilar-Barquero, V, Aizen, MA, Albertos, B, Alcala, EL, del Mar Alguacil, M, Alignier, A, Ancrenaz, M, Andersen, AN, Arbeláez-Cortés, E, Armbrecht, I, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Aumann, T, Axmacher, JC, Azhar, B, Azpiroz, AB, Baeten, L, Bakayoko, A, Báldi, A, Banks, JE, Baral, SK, Barlow, J, Barratt, BIP, Barrico, L, Bartolommei, P, Barton, DM, Basset, Y, Batáry, P, Bates, AJ, Baur, B, Bayne, EM, Beja, P, Benedick, S, Berg, Å, Bernard, H, Berry, NJ, Bhatt, D, Bicknell, JE, Bihn, JH, Blake, RJ, Bobo, KS, Bóçon, R, Boekhout, T, Böhning-Gaese, K, Bonham, KJ, Borges, PAV, Borges, SH, Boutin, C, Bouyer, J, Bragagnolo, C, Brandt, JS, Brearley, FQ, Brito, I, Bros, V, Brunet, J, Buczkowski, G, Buddle, CM, Bugter, R, Buscardo, E, Buse, J, Cabra-García, J, Cáceres, NC, Cagle, NL, Calviño-Cancela, M, Cameron, SA, Cancello, EM, Caparrós, R, Cardoso, P, Carpenter, D, Carrijo, TF, Carvalho, AL, Cassano, CR, Castro, H, Castro-Luna, AA, Rolando, CB, Cerezo, A, Chapman, KA, Chauvat, M, Christensen, M, Clarke, FM, Cleary, DFR, Colombo, G, Connop, SP, Craig, MD, Cruz-López, L, Cunningham, SA, D'Aniello, B, D'Cruze, N, da Silva, PG, Dallimer, M, Danquah, E, Darvill, B, Dauber, J, Davis, ALV, Dawson, J, de Sassi, C, de Thoisy, B, Deheuvels, O, Dejean, A, Devineau, J-L, Diekötter, T, Dolia, JV, Domínguez, E, Dominguez-Haydar, Y, Dorn, S, Draper, I, Dreber, N, Dumont, B, Dures, SG, Dynesius, M, Edenius, L, Eggleton, P, Eigenbrod, F, Elek, Z, Entling, MH, Esler, KJ, de Lima, RF, Faruk, A, Farwig, N, Fayle, TM, Felicioli, A, 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Leighton, Reis, Yana T., Rey Benayas, José M., Rey Velasco, Juan Carlo, Reynolds, Chevonne, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richards, Miriam H., Richardson, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Ríos, Rodrigo Macip, Robinson, Richard, Robles, Carolina A., Römbke, Jörg, Romero Duque, Luz Piedad, Rös, Matthia, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J., Roth, Dana S., Roulston, T'ai H., Rousseau, Laurent, Rubio, André V., Ruel, Jean Claude, Sadler, Jonathan P., Sáfián, Szabolc, Saldaña Vázquez, Romeo A., Sam, Katerina, Samnegård, Ulrika, Santana, Joana, Santos, Xavier, Savage, Jade, Schellhorn, Nancy A., Schilthuizen, Menno, Schmiedel, Ute, Schmitt, Christine B., Schon, Nicole L., Schüepp, Christof, Schumann, Katharina, Schweiger, Oliver, Scott, Dawn M., Scott, Kenneth A., Sedlock, Jodi L., Seefeldt, Steven S., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Shannon, Graeme, Sheil, Dougla, Sheldon, Frederick H., Shochat, Eyal, Siebert, Stefan J., Silva, Fernando A. B., Simonetti, Javier A., Slade, Eleanor M., Smith, Jo, Smith Pardo, Allan H., Sodhi, Navjot S., Somarriba, Eduardo J., Sosa, Ramón A., Soto Quiroga, Grimaldo, St Laurent, Martin Hugue, Starzomski, Brian M., Stefanescu, Constanti, Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf, Stouffer, Philip C., Stout, Jane C., Strauch, Ayron M., Struebig, Matthew J., Su, Zhimin, Suarez Rubio, Marcela, Sugiura, Shinji, Summerville, Keith S., Sung, Yik Hei, Sutrisno, Hari, Svenning, Jens Christian, Teder, Tiit, Threlfall, Caragh G., Tiitsaar, Anu, Todd, Jacqui H., Tonietto, Rebecca K., Torre, Ignasi, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C., Tylianakis, Jason M., Uehara Prado, Marcio, Urbina Cardona, Nicola, Vallan, Deni, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A. F., Verdasca, Maria João, Verdú, José R., Vergara, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Verhulst, Jort, Virgilio, Massimiliano, Vu, Lien Van, Waite, Edward M., Walker, Tony R., Wang, Hua Feng, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I., Weller, Britta, Wells, Konstan, Westphal, Catrin, Wiafe, Edward D., Williams, Christopher D., Willig, Michael R., Woinarski, John C. Z., Wolf, Jan H. D., Wolters, Volkmar, Woodcock, Ben A., Wu, Jihua, Wunderle, Joseph M., Yamaura, Yuichi, Yoshikura, Satoko, Yu, Douglas W., Zaitsev, Andrey S., Zeidler, Juliane, Zou, Fasheng, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M., Mace, Georgina M., Purves, Drew W., Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Purvis, Andy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Natural History Museum, 3Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment, Research, University College London ( UCL ), Department of Life Sciences, Universita di Trieste, Auburn University, Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Royal Holloway [University of London] ( RHUL ), ( SFIRC ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology ( KNUST ), Universidad de Costa Rica, Laboratorio Ecotono-CRUB, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, SAD Paysage ( SAD Paysage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural ( DYNAFOR ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Abeilles et Environnement ( AE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV )

Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, Biodiversité et Ecologie, data sharing, habitat, Biológiai tudományok, Q1, BIRD SPECIES RICHNESS, TROPICAL DRY FOREST, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, MEXICAN COFFEE PLANTATIONS, Természettudományok, Data and Information, Milieux et Changements globaux, LOWLAND, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, Ecology, global biodiversity modeling, global change, habitat destruction, land use, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, LAND-USE CHANGE, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Chemistry, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, INTENSIVELY MANAGED FARMLAND, Ingénierie de l'environnement, CARABID BEETLE ASSEMBLAGES, FRUIT-FEEDING BUTTERFLIES, Ecology and Environment, Biodiversity and Ecology, keywords: data sharing, Behavior and Systematics, Biology, Ekologi, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, QL, DIPTEROCARP FOREST, QH, PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Biology and Life Sciences, destruction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environnement et Société, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Source at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2579. The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

Published
2017

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