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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From the point of view of history, the Pará Amazon, the territorial correspondent of the State of Pará, has been undergoing a series of major transformations, especially in its frontiers. In the past, this region was a priority target for colonization programs and for the establishment of rural settlements, whose main objective was to populate remote areas of the country as a kind of geopolitical strategy. At present, however, the intensive land use dynamics on the Frontier of Pará indicates a significant increase in deforestation in areas of rural settlements. In these circumstances, inserted in the region of the Arc of Deforestation, there is the municipality of Novo Repartimento, state of Pará, which has 32 rural settlement projects in a total area of 5,596.5 km2. Among them, there is the Tuerê Federal Settlement Project, created on August 4, 1987, the first project installed in Novo Repartimento. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze, characterize and map the contribution of Tuerê Settlement Project to deforestation in Novo Repartimento, Pará, during the period from 1985 to 2020. The land cover classification derived from MAPBIOMAS was used to identify the deforested areas in Tuerê. The results are important to show the influence that the Agrarian Reform settlement projects have on the total deforestation of the municipality, evidenced from an increase of 1,448.73 km2 in deforested areas in 35 years in the Tuerê Settlement Project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a proposal for a Recovery Plan for Degraded Areas for the headwaters of the Mandaguari stream, located in the city of Catalão-GO. The recovery plan is of paramount importance to protect native vegetation and ensure compliance with the requirements brought by Law 12.651/2012. The objective of this work is to use satellite images, orthophoto created using the DJI Mavic 2 PRO drone, for the elaboration of diagnosis, prognosis, intervention proposal and management of the study area. Using drone and image processing applications (dronedeploy), an orthophotomosaic of the study area was carried out, which through geoprocessing software (qgis) maps of location, delimitation of springs and watercourses and land use were prepared. The use of the land in the area points to the existence of areas of native vegetation in its interior, together with the predominance of regions of pasture, forestry, roads, silted area, area of planting of native species. From the diagnosis, it was noted that the area has, within the permanent preservation areas - APP, pastures, roads, eucalyptus, in addition to a part of the stream being silted up, without showing signs of natural regeneration. The prognosis of the study area points to the need for intervention to ensure the recovery of the area and prevent the emergence of erosion processes. This intervention is detailed in the proposal, where an intervention technique was determined for each area, in addition to establishing the monitoring and maintenance strategies necessary for the proper implementation of the plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erosive processes cause severe impacts on the environment, causing economic, social, and biodiversity losses. This paper aims to analyze the fragility of the environment to erosive processes in the Onça river basin, in Coxim-ms. The methodology was based on soil mapping, slope, priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and rainfall intensity to evaluate the potential fragility and land use and land cover, that by means of a boolean weighted overlap with the potential fragility resulted in the mapping of the environmental fragility. To validate the environmental fragility model, the erosive features were identified from a high-resolution image and a making, focusing on the areas named "soils with extreme exposure" from a classification, which had as its only aim to identify areas with the lowest degree of protection/ground cover. The results pointed to the predominance of medium (59.61 %) and high (23.66 %) environmental fragility, associated with high concentrations of erosive processes in "soil with extreme exposure" area, which are areas of low vegetation cover, classified by use. and land cover with the pasture classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil confronts a challenge to implement the Forest Code, now called Native Vegetation Protection Law (LPVN), issued in 2012 under the number 12.651/12. The law introduced new mechanisms to quantified environmental liabilities in Permanent Protection Areas (APP) and Legal Reserve Areas (RL). Thus, this study presents a methodological proposal for calculation of environmental liabilities in areas of "water" permanent preservation and legal reserve using geoprocessing tools. This way, a complex analysis was required, based on the size of the private rural properties, the type of land use/cover, and “temporal cut”, for which there is no methodology defined. The “temporal cut” was defined to fine cancel those who practiced illegal deforestation prior to 22 July 2008, thus creating the figure of the "Consolidated Productive Areas”. This methodology was tested and applied in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu-PA and the results pointed to a total environmental liability of the municipality of 178,835 hectares by 2010. According to requirements established in article 61-A, the settlements were considered rural properties with consolidated productive areas, and thus benefited by law. Despite this, it is important to improve environmental education techniques and the recovering of environmental liabilities of settlements, mainly for sustainable production purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic Forest is the most fragmented Brazilian biome due to human impacts, mainly from urban expansion and agricultural activities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the temporal dynamics of human expansion in the municipality of Maringá, in the state of Paraná. We seek to assess the general changes in the landscape as well as the specific dynamics of land use and land cover in the riparian zone of urban and peri-urban rivers in the municipality. For this, land use and land cover data from the years 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019, from the MapBiomas project were used, reclassified into four categories: Natural Forest, Natural Non-Forest, Urban Anthropic and Non-Urban Anthropic. The main results were (i) Most of the Maringá territory, in the analyzed period, was composed by the Non-Urban Anthropic category; (ii) The greatest growth was in the Urban Anthropic category and the smallest in the Natural Non-Forest category; (iii) In the analysis of riparian zones, there was a high participation of the Non-Urban Anthropic category, despite this decreasing over time. In addition, the Natural Forest category grew in all hydrographic basins, while the Urban Anthropic category grew in some. In the general context, the dynamics of the anthropic expansion of the municipality of Maringá, in the period between 1989 and 2019, was represented mostly by the replacement of agricultural areas by urban areas. In addition, there was an increase in the forest area in the riparian zone of urban and peri-urban rivers and a recent emergence of urban infrastructure in some hydrographic basins, to the detriment of a reduction in agricultural area. In this last point, we hope that the results of this work can be used by the government in identifying the most vulnerable regions to human actions on natural areas in the municipality, contributing to the implementation of improvements in the planning of land use and cover in Maringá. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) play an essential role in environmental stability, maintenance of life, protection and conservation of natural resources. Despite the legal protection, the minimum regulated parameters are not observed. Given this context, this study has as main objective to identify and analyze land use conflicts in APP, in the municipality of Presidente Epitácio, state of São Paulo, considering Federal Law nº 12727, of October 17, 2012 as a criterion, which provides for the protection of native vegetation in Brazil, in force. For the development of the research, a bibliographic survey was carried out; land cover and use mapping; identification of land use conflicts in APP using GIS techniques and field work. The results indicated areas that should be destined to APP are occupied by other classes such as pasture; discovered area; temporary and permanent farming; sugar cane farming; forestry; land uses associated with mining and urbanized area. The identified scenario was worrisome, with several watercourses lacking APP, or in insufficient conditions to protect water bodies against erosive processes, silting and contamination, making it difficult to increase the infiltration of rainwater and maintenance and recharge of groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation units are impacted over the years by the process of anthropization in their areas, such as the Chapadas das Mesas National Park (PNCM), located in the southern state of Maranhão, between the municipalities of Carolina, Estreito and Riachão, which already has significant changes in its natural characteristics. It is inserted in the Cerrado biome, with great ecological biodiversity and the existence of numerous springs that supply mainly the Tocantins river basin. In this context, the general objective is to comparatively analyze the effects of land use and land cover of the Chapadas das Mesas National Park in 2007 and 2017, worked on the 100,000 scale. The methodology used in this research consisted of bibliographic review and the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS), with the SPRING and QGIS software to structure the geographic data. Among the results achieved, the most aggravating factor is the increase in agriculture with cyclic crops and burning, because of the increase in human occupation within this conservation unit. Research using remote sensing is considered of paramount importance in supporting procedures and strategies for improving National Parks planning and territorial management policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identifying potential environmental services associated with different land use and occupation in an urban watershed in Campinas, São Paulo. Methodology: Spatialization in GIS software of land use and occupation followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of data with field verification. In this survey, it is assumed that the percentage of probable supply of environmental services in a watershed is exclusively associated to the typology of use and occupation in it. Relevance: Urban advancement, industrial development and unsustainable agricultural practices have altered the quantity and quality of environmental services provided by natural ecosystems, reflecting changes in land use. Results: 42.3% of the total area of the basin has conditions of use and occupation of the soil capable of providing component services of the four categories of services. The category of forest fragments is such that the provision of services occurs in greater quantity in the study basin, with a percentage of provision of 88.9%, followed by the category of green area (66.7%), agricultural activity and water resources (63% each) and exposed soil (15%). Contributions: The diagnosis of ecosystem and environmental services in the Ribeirão das Pedras basin may support Payment for Environmental Services programs and assist in the implementation of management standards for environmental conservation and recovery. Conclusion: The method applied to survey the potential supply of ecosystem and environmental services by watershed made it possible to understand the relationships between land use and occupation and services offered, as well as the priority areas for action by the municipal authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to analyze the supervision classification technique in the context of Remote sensing, as well as to emphasize and discuss how the monitoring of land use and cover has been an increasingly frequent practice and assumes special prominence, when it comes to monitoring the terrestrial surface, be it environmental and/or other purposes. To fulfill the objective, a literature review based on bibliometric analysis was carried out on the two main terms "Remote Sensing" and "Land use and cover", through which it was possible to diagnose which are the main countries producing scientific content on the topic, the main journals used for scientific dissemination and the evolution of research over the years. Thus, it was possible to diagnose that land use and coverage is still not widely disseminated outside the professions that work with this type of survey, therefore, this study concludes that the methodology of land use and coverage coupled with remote sensing techniques has a great importance, whether in the technical or academic world and is evolving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the processes of use and occupation by anthropic activities is fundamental; because the incorrect and poorly planned use of natural resources causes impacts that environmentally unbalance the watersheds. In this context, the aim of the study was to characterize the change in the use and occupation of soil of the watershed Nascente - Uberaba/MG; 2008 and 2019. In addition, we sought to identify conflicts in land use and occupation in areas of permanent preservation (APP's) and quantify the index of vegetation cover. The research had three distinct phases: in the first, obtaining satellite images; in the second processing of these in the Quantum Gis 3.4.5 - Madeira program; in the third, supervised classification of images by complement classification semi-automatic for configuration of features and their numerical data. It was observed that there was an invasion of agricultural activities that caused a reduction of native forest compared to APP's. This finding is evidenced by the results obtained. There was an increase of 5.65% of agricultural activities, simultaneously reducing 5.65% of native forest in APP's. This description highlights the need to plan the use of lands of this watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geosaberes: Revista de Estudos Geoeducacionais is the property of GEOSABERES - Revista de Estudos Geoducacionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ambiência is the property of Revista Ambiencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Estimating groundwater recharge values is important to understand aquifer dynamics disturbed by climatological driven forces and land use. This work estimated groundwater recharge rates using water table fluctuation method in a Bauru Aquifer System (BAS) area at Santa Barbara Ecological Station and State Forrest for 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 hydrological years. During this period, the area passed through two distinct climate periods: first, a considered normal year (with precipitation rates around the historical 30-year mean), followed by a year with the presence of ENSO (El Niño South Oscilation) increasing precipitation 35.44% if compared with the previous year. The results showed, spatializing the phenomenon in study area, which even with differences in the precipitation rates, the percentage of recharge was the same for both periods, not evidencing differences from areas with Cerrado vegetation and exotic reforestations with Pine and Eucalyptus trees [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A landscape is a portion of space resulting from the combination of physical, biological, and anthropic elements that interact and are constantly evolving. The landscape of the municipalities that are insert in the hydrographic basin of the Forqueta river, RS, most emancipated in the last twenty years, have been undergoing constant changes. The aim of the study was to determine how the land use and coverage in the basin had been evolved, and what were the main determining factors in this process over a period of 28 years. Images of the Sensor TM of the Landsat satellites 5 and 8 of September 1986, 1996 and 2006 and one image of October 2014 were used. For the delimitation of the hydrographic basin was used, the SRTM database (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), and extracted the Forqueta river basin for each image of each year, and classified the land use. Along the 28 years, the agriculture area was gradually decreasing, reaching a percentage of 13.19% reduction in 2014, representing an area of approximately 18600 hectares. This is due to the new automated agriculture techniques, which make it impossible to plant with machinery on steeper terrain, with consequent abandonment of the areas, as well as, more recently, due to the intensification of environmental inspection. The field area also decreased by 66.49%, and occurred occupation of these areas by FOM and FED, and by forestry, the latter increased in the period 1233.92%, becoming the second source of income of the municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems related to water resources has been the scene of debates due to steady deterioration of water quality and increase in demand. This study aimed to analyse the influence of land use and occupation in the water quality of the main rivers of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Itupararanga (SP), Brazil. Therefore, analyses were carried out of the main parameters and water quality indices, as well as the mapping of the use and occupation of land. The results revealed that the sanitary sewage conditions of the municipalities of the EPA Itupararanga and agricultural uses classes are negatively affecting the water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to identify the environmental fragility of the Hydrographic Basin of Santo Antônio River, and to suggest an initial environmental zoning. For this purpose, it was used Ross's (1994 and 2012) methodology of potential and environmental fragility supported by remote sensing data as well as geoprocessing. It was used image from Landsat satellite 8/OLI - 2014 for Land use mapping and project GeoMS data about land cover. The environmental fragility was developed from the combination of potential fragility maps and theme maps of land use and cover of 2014. The results have shown that there is predominance of medium environmental fragility (74.81%), associated to the major occupation of the basin by pasture, which occupies 52.1% of the area. There are also Permanent Preservation Area (PPA) improperly occupied with pasture and agriculture. Giving the situation in which the basin is found, it was proposed an initial environmental planning with use and occupation guidelines of the area in a sustainable manner with recommendations and limitations of use in vulnerable areas, such as proposition of recovering degrades areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to verify the land-use conflicts in the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of lakes, springs and rivers which contribute to the damming of the Paranã River, party located in the great river basin of the Paranã River, in the municipality of Formosa, Goiás. To perform this images were used from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM, satellite images from the 1995 Landsat 5 TM system and the 2015 Landsat 8 OLI, in addition to using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the extraction of green vegetation. The data and comparative maps were conducted in the ArcGis 10.2. The PPAs for the study area total 281,519.49 ha, only 7% of which had natural vegetation cover. It was observed that the river basin under study has a high level of environmental degradation, with regard to Bill 12.751/12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Land Use model in the Cerrado Biome went through great major changes from the decade 70s, becoming evident, after the implementation of programs and government policy plans, that provide incentives to transform these scenarios. Thus, the present research had as objective to verify the changes in the land use in the basin of contribution of the reservoir of the Salto do Rio Verdinho Hydro Power Plant (HPP), aiming in order to identify the changes that occurred before and after the construction of the hydroelectric development in question. The evaluation of the use and occupation if proceeded in three different periods (in the years 2005, 2010 and 2015). The mapping of Use of Land was elaborated with support of geoprocessing techniques, being used the supervised classification, from the MaxVer classifier. To evaluate the quality of the mappings, the kappa coefficient was applied. It is concluded that, in the last 15 years, the landscape of the basin presented changes, where the pastures predominate with 55% (543 km2) of the area mapped in 2015, but already occupied 82% (806 km²) in the year of2005. The changes occurred mainly by converting pasture areas in agricultural areas due to the expansion of sugarcane activity in 2015. The implantation of the artificial lake for the production of hydroelectric power was another factor that altered the land use, and consequently caused the elimination of the APPs areas next to the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to study the parameters of the current and past Brazilian Forest Act based on the Federal Laws No. 4,771 and 12,651 for the determination of the permanent preservation areas (PPA). Water springs and streams for 68 rural properties located at the Santa Catarina State Southern Plateau were considered. Thematic land use/land cover (LULC) as well as PPA maps from the visual interpretation of ortho rectified aerial images were elaborated. The PPA percentage for recovering over consolidated rural areas is directly proportional to both fiscal module size and area of the rural property. Comparing to the Law No. 4,771, there was a significant reduction in the PPA to be recovered on consolidated rural areas. In small rural properties there was an average reduction ranging from 54.6% to 81.8%. A total of 122,372 hectares (7.6% of the total area) characterized as PPA in consolidated rural areas can now be used economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boa Vista, capital of Roraima state according to data from the IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics increased its population from about 67,000 people in the 1980s to around 320,000 in 2015 demonstrating a wide population growth. Because the process of occupation of the state of Roraima is concentrated in the city of Boa Vista, which agglutinates 86,62% of this population, it is necessary to examine how land use and cover are necessary tools to understand the population increase and thus better plan future uses of boavistense space, since natural resources such as water bodies and native vegetation are being lost in the process of occupation. The use of geoprocessing and remote sensing were important tools for the analysis and allowed to observe that (i) much has been lost in terms of natural resources in the use and occupation process, but (ii) there are still possible planning without major losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science / Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada nas Ciências Agrárias is the property of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar o mapa de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tijuco, município de Ituiutaba - MG, com base nas imagens digitais obtidas do satélite CBERS 2, através de delimitação automática das áreas de preservação permanente, seguindo-se a identificação de ocorrência de conflito de uso, tendo como referência legal o Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei nº. 4.771/1965) e a resolução nº 303/02, do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Este artigo analisa, por meio de parâmetros quantitativos e uso do Sistema de Informação Geográfica, a manutenção de faixas de preservação permanente de larguras recomendadas pela legislação ao longo dos corpos d'água. Os resultados mostraram um déficit de áreas preservadas às margens dos rios de 2.334 ha, que não estão em conformidade com a legislação. A pastagem ocupa, indevidamente, 0,97% da área da bacia nas áreas de preservação permanente às margens dos rios, enquanto a agricultura ocupa 0,38%.The present work had the objective to elaborate the map of land use and vegetation covering from Tijuco river watershed, Ituiutaba-MG, based on digital images obtained by satellite from CBERS 2, through automatic delimitation of permanent preservation areas followed by identification of land use conflict based on the Brazilian Forest Code (Law nº 4771/1965) and National Council of Environment's Resolution nº 303/02. This paper analyzes, through quantitative parameters and the use of Geographic Information System, the maintenance tracks of width recommended by the legislation for permanent preservation areas over water bodies. The results showed a deficit of conserved areas along the riverbanks of 2334 ha that are not in compliance with the legislation. The pasture occupies unduly 0.97% of the area of the basin in the permanent preservation areas at the riverbanks, while agriculture occupies 0.38%.

Este estudo teve como objetivos elaborar um mapa de uso da terra com base nas imagens do satélite IKONOS II, delimitar de maneira automática as áreas de preservação permanente e identificar a ocorrência de conflitos de usos, tendo como referência legal o Código florestal e a Resolução n.º 303 do CONAMA. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó, pertencente aos municípios de Alto Jequitibá, Alto Caparaó, Caparaó e Espera Feliz, todos situados no estado de Minas Gerais. Utilizando os recursos disponíveis no geoprocessamento, foi possível mapear 8 classes de uso da terra e delimitar as áreas de preservação permanente situadas em áreas com altitudes superior a 1.800 metros (8,42 ha), no terço superior dos morros (18,67 ha); encostas com declividade superior a 45 graus (92,96 ha); nascentes e suas respectivas áreas de contribuição (1.989,44 ha); margens dos cursos d´água com largura inferior a 10 metros (3.957,19 ha); e no terço superior das sub-bacias (6.031,54 ha), perfazendo um total de 12.098,22 ha (48,06%) da área total da bacia. A área de uso indevido correspondeu a 8.922,91 ha (73,75%), sendo as classes cafezal (5.183,43 ha) e pastagem (3.650,74 ha) as principais ocorrências nessas áreas. Apenas 2.160,69 ha (18,40%) das áreas de preservação permanente estão protegidas por vegetação nativa.The objective of this work was to prepare a map of land use based on the IKONOS II sattelite images, to automatically determine the permanent preservation areas and to identify the occurrence of use conflicts, using as legal reference the Forest Code and the nº 303 Resolution of the CONAMA. The research was developed around the Caparaó National Park, in lands of the municipalities of Alto Jequitibá, Alto Caparaó, Caparaó and Espera Feliz, all of them located in the State of Minas Gerais. Using the resources available in the geographic processing, it was possible to map 8 classes of land use and to delimitate the permanent preservation areas located in regions above 1,800 meters of altitude (8.42 ha), the third upper part the hills (18.67 ha); an hillsides with slopes above 45 degrees (92.96 ha); water course margins with width below 10 meters (3,957.19 ha); and the upper third part the sub basins totalizing 12,098.22 ha (48.06%) of the basin total area. The area of improper use corresponds to 8,922.91 ha (45.49 %), being the classes coffee crop (5,183.43 ha) and clear pasture (3,650.74 ha) the main occurrences in these areas. Only 2,160.69 ha (18.40 %) of the permanent preservation areas are protected by natural vegetation.

O estudo teve como objetivos elaborar o mapa de uso da terra e diagnosticar, em nível de paisagem, os fragmentos de vegetação florestal nativa por meio da classificação visual da imagem do satélite IKONOS II. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na bacia hidrográfica do rio Alegre, situada no extremo sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram mapeadas 12 classes de uso da terra, destacando-se 475 fragmentos florestais. As classes cafezal (2.086,2 ha), pastagem (14.130,1 ha) e fragmento florestal (2.978,9 ha) ocuparam 92,16% (19.195,2 ha) da área total da bacia, que é de 20.819,8 ha. A maioria dos fragmentos florestais possui formas fortemente alongadas e área média de 6,3 ha. Também se constatou que a maior parte está sujeita a um elevado nível de perturbação, com 452 e 166 fragmentos florestais vizinhos às classes pastagem e cafezal, respectivamente.The main objective of this study was to create land use and diagnosis maps, at landscape level, of the native forest fragmentation through visual classification using IKONOS II data. The study was conducted in the river Alegre watershed, situated in the south region of State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Twelve land use classes were mapped, pointing out 475 forest fragments. The classes of coffee plantation (2,086.2 ha), pasture (14,130.1 ha) and forest fragmentation (2,978.9 ha) occupied 92.16% (19,195.2 ha) of the total study area, which was about 20,819.8 ha. The majority of the forest fragments presented strongly elongated shapes, with an average of 6.3 ha. It was also noticed that most of them presented a high level of disturbance, with 452 and 166 forest fragments neighboring the pasture and coffee plantation classes, respectively.

The Arujá city is located northeast of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) and Biosphere Reserve of the Cinturão Verde, between the saws Cantareira and Itapeti next to the Presidente Dutra highway and the banks of Baquirivu Guaçu and Jaguarí rivers. Because it is a region that is in great urban sprawl and be meaningful to the MRSP it is necessary to conduct a study of anthropogenic changes through the application of geoprocessing (GIS) techniques. Therefore, the present study has as main objective the geoenvironmental analysis of the Municipality of Arujá. The geoenvironmental base of the municipality of Arujá is composed of topographic maps, slope, hypsometry and land use, which present the environmental situation of the study area. Through the analysis it could be seen that the urbanization of the municipality tends to expand to the north and west regions, compromising the maintenance of environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cobertura vegetal exerce papel imprescindível à proteção e conservação dos recursos naturais, principalmente no que diz respeito aos solos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e analisar a dimensão espacial e temporal da ação antrópica na cobertura vegetal de parte do semi-árido cearense, utilizando imagens LANDSAT TM-5, de 1985 e 1994, e técnicas de geoprocessamento, para verificar a hipótese de que a degradação ambiental vem sendo intensificada. Foram confeccionadas cartas de vegetação, uso da terra, solos e hidrografia, obtendo-se cartas de sobreposição, por meio das quais se constatou o aumento de áreas degradadas nas diferentes unidades fitoecológicas. No período de uma década, comprovou-se o processo progressivo da degradação nas áreas dos municípios de Independência, Pedra Branca, Mombaça e Tauá, tendo as áreas do município de Pedra Branca apresentado menor degradação. A unidade fitoecológica mais degradada, dentre as estudadas, foi a Caatinga Arbórea Aberta, desencadeando processos de degradação e transformação das unidades circunvizinhas. Grande parte da área foi atingida por processos de degradação ambiental, com forte pauperização da biodiversidade, acompanhados por um rebaixamento geral das formações vegetais.The vegetation cover plays a key role in protection and conservation of natural resources, particularly concerning soils. This study had as objective to analyze space and time dimensions of anthropic influence on the vegetation cover in part of the semi-arid region of the Ceará State, Brazil. LANDSAT TM-5 satellite images of 1985 and 1994 combined with geoprocessing techniques were used to verify the hypothesis of intensification of environmental degradation. Maps of the vegetation cover, land use, soils, and hydrography were elaborated. They pointed out to an increase in degraded areas of the different phytoecological units. During this decade, a progressive degradation process was verified in study areas of the Independência, Pedra Branca, Mombaça and Tauá counties The Pedra Branca areas suffered the least from degradation. Among all areas, the sparse arborous Caatinga was the most degraded ecological unit, triggering degradation and transformation processes in the neighboring units. A large part of the area under investigation was environmentally degraded, with a substantial reduction of biodiversity, besides an overall downsizing of vegetal formations.

This work aims to analyze the impact of the construction of a hydroelectric power plant on land cover and use in Lajeado Bonito-RS watershed. The study evaluated the temporal evolution of land cover and use in the watershed for the period before and after to installation of hydroelectric plant Foz do Chapecó (2009 to 2010). For temporal analysis, two images were interpreted, one orbital image of High Resolution Camera (HRC) onboard of the CBERS-2B, acquired in December 29, 2009. And a high-resolution image obtained from Google Earth application, acquired at December 26, 2010. The land cover and use maps were generated by vector editing SPRING software. We found that the predominant land use related to agriculture and livestock, including bare soil. In 2009 this class accounted for 70.23% of the total area, while it come to represent 61.8% in 2010. At the same time, there was increase of areas with native forest cover, from 27.49% covered by forest in 2009, to 31% in 2010. The results showed that in both 2009 and 2010 years, approximately 49% of permanent preservation area were used inappropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to evaluate temporally the spatial distribution of soil loss in a small rural stream basin, since it is located in an area of undulating and heavily undulating relief. Based on the formulation of the USLE, use of cartographic documentation and remote sensing products, were obtained in GIS, maps of erosivity, erodibility, topographic factor, conservation practices factor and land use for scenarios relating to 1988, 2006 and 2013. In all scenarios evaluated, there was a predominance of grassland and forest natural vegetation, which occurred in approximately 90% of the study area. On the other hand, it was also observed the expansion of sugar cane cultivation in the southern/southeast portion of area, which, considering the physical characteristics of the basin, causes soil losses above the tolerable limit. Therefore, great importance should be given in the application of an appropriate agricultural planning, aiming at the implementation of practices which provide greater protection of the soil. In this sense, maps of natural erosion potential and erosion risk were important subsidies for agricultural planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches on the topography of the land, in particular covering the classes of slope, are traditionally developed on analyses which seek to evaluate the use of land regarding to its potential and/or limitations for the purpose of utilization in the various human activities. Included among the many factors that determine the occupation and influence the land use and valuation within the urbanization context, the slope aspect is also a conditioning factor of erosion and hence shaping the urban landscape. Thus, this study aimed to identify the predominant slope classes in the area surrounding Salto Grande Reservoir/SP, assessing its characteristics and limiting aspects, in addition to analyzing the main land uses within each class considered, provided for by the assistance of a database composed of spatial analysis software, which required the application of specific geoprocessing techniques. The results demonstrate the presence of sugar cane as a primary use (39.5%), followed by urban use (24.2%), indicating that 29.3% of the area is on slopes of up to 5% and most comprising almost half of the area measured on slopes between 5-12%, which represents, in general, favorable conditions in most of the area for diversified land uses, including the development of agricultural practices and encompassing the possibility of use for residential and industrial purposes, provided that the right steps are taken to manage the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present study was to analyze the land use pattern changes resulting from the introduction of Eucalyptus planting in the farthest South Bahia in the last twenty years, identifying areas for potential expansion of this cultivation, as well as the conflicts in Areas of Permanent Conservation. For this purpose, we used colored images of Landsat 5 TM System (Tematc Mapper), bands 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 for the years 1986, 1996 and 2007, observing basic properties of the satellite images as color, texture, tone, shape, limits and context. The maps were generated on a scale of 1:250,000, using the ArcGIS 9.2 and Erdas Imagine 9.1 software. The use of classes was determined by imaging?s resolution of the Landsat 5 (30 m) satellite: forests, silviculture, pasture / agriculture, cloud cover, and shadow zone. During the period analyzed, there was an expansion in Eucalyptus planting (378%), and reduction of forest areas (-20%), and pasture / agriculture (-2.5%). However, this type of use appears as the dominant, occupying 68% of land in the farthest South of Bahia. The Western zone is characterized as a priority for the expansion of eucalyptus planting in the region, due to the vast pasture areas and the mostly degraded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated environmental analysis in watershed are considered strategic for diagnosis of natural resources inappropriate uses and to propose measures for mitigating environmental degradation at different scales. This study aimed to qualify and quantify land-use conflict in microbasins through physical-conservationist diagnosis. For so, an integrated analysis of the morphometrics parameters of water basins, as drainage density, circularity index and average slope, with the rate of physical-conservationist deterioration (IDFC), resulting from the analysis of land-use conflicts, was carried out, in eight microbasins in the municipalities of Pratânia and São Manuel, São Paulo, Brazil. It was observed that the microbasin III had the highest value of IDFC, mainly due to the use of Permanent Preservation Areas, while the microbasin I had the lower value due to the significant land-use by native forests. The combination of physical-conservationist diagnosis with morphometrics parameters results in an effective method for qualifying and quantifying of land-use conflicts in watersheds, thus helping prioritizing actions of environmental management and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past forty years, Itacolomi State Park (ISP), located in the region of Ouro Preto/Minas Gerais, has been subject to several changes in its patterns of land use and occupation. These changes were recorded and quantified using remote sensing and GIS techniques, which allowed for the construction of four land use maps, representing the changes in the area during the last four decades. In order to evaluate these changes, the following classes of vegetation were defined: Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, Rocky outcrops and Anthropogenic Areas. First, land use maps from 1966 and 1974 were compared, defining the first period of analysis; then, 1974 and 1986 maps were considered in the second period of analysis, and finally the third period of analysis used 1986 and 2000 maps. The changes that occurred in ISP were predominantly of anthropogenic origin, with greater intensity in the seventies. As a result of the abandonment of these activities and also due to greater monitoring and control of human actions performed at ISP during the following decades, the abandoned areas are gradually being occupied by native plants such as "candeia" (Eremanthus sp), rehabilitating the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geographical data base consist in an important reference for the territorial planning, mainly when the available regional information are restricted. This study objectified to quantify and evaluate the land use and occupation of 35 municipalities of the South of the Rio Grande do Sul state. Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing techniques were utilized to classify digital image of the Landsat satellite. Geographical data base were elaborated with concerning information the classes of use and land occupation (natural and cultivated pastures, natural forest, reforestation, swampy and drenched, dunes and sand, water, agriculture, uncover soil and urban areas). The data were analyzed by municipality and integrated in form of public instruments of territorial magement the for the Regional Committee of development of the South Region, for the Municipalities Association of the South Zone of the RS State and for the Lagoa Mirim Water Basin. Pastures and agriculture were the classes most expressive and corresponded 83% of the average securities of the municipalities, being the other classes less expressive (<5%). Spatial analysis data and the information generated make possible the understanding of the occupational dynamics and subsidize the ordenation of the geographical space and the sustainable development of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is show some results of vegetation index calculated to the cities of Salgueiro, Mirandiba, Carnaubeiras da Penha and Floresta, located in the semi-arid of Pernambuco, Brazil. Was used images from sensor TM-Landsat 7, whose image is the orbit/point 216/66, date of obtaining January 23, 2003. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used in various operational applications, including mapping of vegetation, land use classification, detection and tracking of environment changes. The NDVI can be easily linked to certain parameters of vegetation such as phytomass, leaf area, productivity and photosynthetic activity, percentage of green cover, and others. This is a very simple index, resulting from the difference between the reflectance of the near infrared (NIR) and reflectance in the red (R), divided by the sum of the two reflectance respectivement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]