35,630 results
Search Results
502. Water policies and their influence on land uses and land values. The Angas‐Bremer proclaimed region: a case study
- Author
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Bjørnlund, Henning
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
503. Sustainable multiple‐use and management of the coastal zone
- Author
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Charlier, Roger H. and Charlier, Constance C.P.
- Published
- 1995
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- View/download PDF
504. Development, urban planning and political decisions. A triad that built territories at risk
- Author
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Alejandro Lara, Juan Munizaga, Cristobal Palma, Victor Montre-Águila, and Felipe Bucci
- Subjects
Spatial planning ,Atmospheric Science ,Original Paper ,Risk perception ,Land use ,Risk governance ,Metropolitan area ,Geography ,Development studies ,Urban planning ,Natural hazard ,Urban governance ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Regional science ,Asset (economics) ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Chilean geography exposes the country to high-level risks such as earthquakes and tsunamis. The disasters of 1930, 1960, 2010, and 2014 testify to the continuous link between human survival and disasters. However, new hazards have appeared ever since –i.e. flood waterlogging, wildfires, and landslides–, highlighting the relationship between current land uses and space occupation with increasing levels of disaster risk. This research aims to determine relations and responsibilities of the Chilean developmental approach in urban planning and territorial governance processes that have created new territories prone to disaster risk. We resort to a longitudinal analysis from 1930 to 2018 at the Gran Concepcion metropolitan area as a proxy of Chilean industrialization and economic development approaches. To do so, we developed mixed-approach descriptive research, for which we collected data from national development policies and documented land occupation processes during pre-dictatorship, dictatorship and post-dictatorship periods. Semi-structured interviews with decision-makers involved in current territorial policy were also carried out. The findings show how territorial governance resulted from political visions around different development paths, wherein the concept of risk is weakly perceived among decision-makers. This perception is linked to narrow economic goals and the understanding of land as a barely regulated marketable asset, profoundly affected by segregated urban planning.
- Published
- 2020
505. Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. Curtis E. Larsen Prehistoric Archeology and Ecology Series, Karl W. Butzer and Leslie G. Freeman, editors, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983. xx + 339 pp., illustrations, tables, appendices, references, index. $20.00 (cloth); $9.00 (paper)
- Author
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Patrick V. Kirch
- Subjects
Prehistory ,Ancient society ,Archeology ,History ,Index (economics) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Land use ,Geoarchaeology ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Museology ,Archaeology - Published
- 1986
506. Healy, Robert G., and John S. Rossenberg. Land Use and the States , 2nd. ed, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, 1979, xvi + 284 pp., $‐18.00, $‐4.95 paper
- Author
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Greg C. Gustafson
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Land use ,Economic history ,Economics ,Public administration ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) - Published
- 1980
507. Land use and the States. By Robert G. Healy. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, for Resources for the Future, 1976. xiv + 233 pp. Tables, notes, index. $10. Paper. $2.95)
- Author
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Norman J. Schmaltz
- Subjects
History ,Index (economics) ,Land use ,Economic history ,Regional science - Published
- 1977
508. Book review: Best, R.H. 1981: Land use and living space. London: Methuen, xxi + 197 pp. £10.50 cloth, £4.95 paper
- Author
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M.L. Parry
- Subjects
Living space ,Land use ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Sociology ,Humanities - Published
- 1983
509. Selected papers: SEMINAR ON COAL MINING ACTIVITIES AND CONCEPTS OF MULTIPLE LAND USE
- Author
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C. Richard Dunrud and Robert H. Morris
- Subjects
Engineering ,Environmental Engineering ,Mining engineering ,Land use ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Coal mining ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,business - Published
- 1978
510. Navajo Land Use: An Ethnoarchaeological Study. Klara B. Kelley. Academic Press, Orlando, 1986. xvi + 233 pp., figures, tables, appendices, references, index. $24.95 (paper); $52.50 (cloth)
- Author
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Klara B. Kelley and David M. Brugge
- Subjects
Archeology ,History ,Navajo ,Geography ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Land use ,Museology ,language ,Archaeology ,language.human_language - Published
- 1987
511. Changing Patterns of Settlement and Land Use in the Eastern Province of Northern Rhodesia. By George Kay. Occasional Papers in Geography No. 2, University of Hull Publications, 1965. Pp. viii, 108, maps
- Author
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W. Allan
- Subjects
Geography ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Land use ,Anthropology ,Hull ,George (robot) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Settlement (litigation) ,Archaeology ,Demography - Published
- 1966
512. LAND USE FOR ANIMAL FEED IN ROMANIA IN THE PERIOD 2013-2022.
- Author
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POPESCU, Agatha, TINDECHE, Cristina, MARCUTA, Alina, MARCUTA, Liviu, HONTUS, Adelaida, and STANCIU, Mirela
- Subjects
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ARABLE land , *ANIMAL feeds , *ANIMAL nutrition , *ROOT crops , *GRASSLANDS , *SOIL conservation - Abstract
The goal of the paper is to analyze the land use as cultivated area and grasslands for producing animal feed in Romania in the interval 2013-2022 utilizing the data from National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and Eurostat. The dynamics was highlighted as graphical trend lines, regression equations and R square, fixed basis and structural indices reflecting the changes across the time. The results showed that the surface with green forages in arable land was 847,978 ha in 2022 representing 10.59% of the total cultivated area and also reflected a reduction by 1.26% versus 2013. The perennial forages covered 675,207 ha in 2022 (+3.7% vs. 2013). Alfalfa accounted for a larger surface with a share of 62.52% in 2022(vs. 52.39% in 2013), while the clover area decreased its weight from 18.5% to 14.2%. In 2022, annual green forages covered 179,952 ha, by 13.35% less than in 2023. Fodder maize was cultivated on only 48,634 ha in 2022 (-13.36% vs. 2013) and root crops on only 3,033 ha, a surface smaller by 79.32% in 2022. The declined is justify by the negative influence of climate change which reduced forage production and also by the decreasing trend in livestock. Romania has also 5,172,800 ha grasslands, coming on the 3rd position in the EU after France and Germany. This area plays an important role in animal nutrition at a lower cost, in soil conservation, mitigating the effects of climate change, preserving biodiversity and the beauty of the landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
513. Trade impact analysis on the profit and loss of agroecosystem service value in Guangdong Province.
- Author
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Shaokan Huang, Shixi Cui, Yuantao Liao, Feng Han, Shuang Sun, and Shaojian Wang
- Subjects
PROFIT & loss ,LAND use ,LAND resource ,ARABLE land ,FARMS ,REGIONAL differences ,DRIVERS' licenses - Abstract
Due to the imbalance in the supply and demand of agricultural land, there is an increasing trend of land resources being remoted utilized across regions. Within the context of regional trade, changes in the agroecosystem service value (ESV) can be used to assess consumer responsibility. However, the embodied flow of ESV and its driving factors have been largely unexplored. This paper, utilizing the latest Chinese multi-regional input-output tables and the equivalence factor method, explores the spatiotemporal characteristics of embodied agricultural land and ESV flow between Guangdong and 30 other provinces, and further seeks to construct three types of embodied ESV models to reveal the driving factors. The findings reveal that during the process of domestic trade in goods and services, Guangdong Province has an inflow of 2.10 × 107 hm2 of land from other provinces, with arable land, forestland, and grassland accounting for 25, 61, and 14%, respectively. Guangdong's utilization of ESV is mainly dependent on external inflows, with minimal local consumption and outflows. The embodied ESV between Guangdong and other provinces is 1626.10 billion yuan, with an outflow of 325.32 billion yuan. The "Y"-shaped region consisting of the northwest, northeast, southwest, and Hainan bears significant potential ESV losses for Guangdong Province. Population growth and the intensity of ESV loss will promote the flow of cropland and forestland ESV, while economic development has a certain inhibitory effect on ESV transfer. This paper provides a new analytical perspective on issues such as the spatial distribution mismatch of land resources and ecologically unequal exchange. These insights are pivotal for promoting sustainable utilization of land resources and regional equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
514. Effects of changes in traditional land tenure administration on land use/cover dynamics in rural Zambia.
- Author
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Mwanza, Dinah, Munshifwa, Ephraim Kabunda, Kalaba, Felix Kanungwe, Phiri, Darius, and Nyirenda, Vincent Raphael
- Subjects
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LAND tenure , *LAND use , *AGRICULTURAL industries , *DEFORESTATION - Abstract
Goal and Objectives: This paper examined the relations between informal documentations and land tenure security on change in land use/cover. Using Chamuka land registration, the paper focuses on caused of land use/cover change and how informal documents-based land dealings leads to tenure security and a more productive land use. Methodology: The study used various methods, including 345 households' interviews, group discussions and satellite images of 2010, 2015 and 2020, to understand how land ownership in Chamuka chiefdom effect on land use. Results: The study results shows that the introduction of Land Advisory Boards (LABs), Customary Certificate of Land Occupancy (CCLO) and the land register has scored several successes (i.e., increase in land rights, ownership, low cost of land registration, tenure security and reduction in land-related conflicts. Other improvements include the practice of conservation farming, i.e. agroforestry, fire management resulting to improved crop and livestock farming. Despite these positive results, the satellite images showed decline in vegetation and forest cover due to expansion of agricultural area, buildup and decrease in water bodies. This study provides new insights into how the evolution of the traditional land tenure system, as an integral part of resource governance, its effect on land use/cover. Next to suggesting is how to strengthen informal documents, and efficiency of local land management institutions in order to reduce loss of vegetation and deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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515. A Review of Rural Land Capitalization: Current Status and Further Research.
- Author
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Fan, Weiguo, Zhang, Yuheng, Chen, Nan, and Nie, Wanqing
- Subjects
RURAL development ,LAND use ,LAND resource ,LAND title registration & transfer ,LAND management - Abstract
Land stands as a crucial factor in the production process. The rational allocation of land resources and the enhancement of land use efficiency play pivotal roles in maintaining stable economic development. Various land use types facilitate the capitalization of land resources through activities such as land transfer, land investment, and large-scale land management. Presently, certain regions grapple with challenges characterized by abundant land resources, insufficient utilization of land elements, and a low degree of utilized land capitalization. To address these issues, scholars employ diverse research methods, delving into land capitalization from various perspectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current academic research on land capitalization. It elucidates the conceptual nuances inherent in the process of land capitalization, traces the historical evolution of land capitalization, and establishes a research framework that considers land appreciation, ownership relationships, and functional transformations. By synthesizing and analyzing the existing research on land capitalization, this paper outlines the current status and identifies future research directions. It is concluded that land appropriation, ownership relationships and functional transformations are the three most important elements in the process of land capitalization. The paper proposes objectives for achieving high-quality development while avoiding excessive capitalization and the aim is to propel land capitalization as a catalyst for rural economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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516. Land Use Carbon Emissions or Sink: Research Characteristics, Hotspots and Future Perspectives.
- Author
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Liu, Lina, Qu, Jiansheng, Gao, Feng, Maraseni, Tek Narayan, Wang, Shaojian, Aryal, Suman, Zhang, Zhenhua, and Wu, Rong
- Subjects
CARBON emissions ,CARBON cycle ,LAND use ,ATMOSPHERIC sciences ,CARBON offsetting ,BIBLIOMETRICS - Abstract
The land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector, as a source and a sink of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is critical for achieving carbon neutrality. Many academic journals have published papers on land use carbon emission or sink (LUCES), but LUCES reviews are relatively rare, which poses great challenges in accurately understanding the research progress and future prospects. This work analyzes the research characteristics, hotspots and future perspectives of LUCES research by using a bibliometric analysis (such as DDA, VOSviewer, CiteSpace software) and a review based on the data (6115 scientific papers) during 1991–2023 from the Web of Science (WoS) platform. We found that (1) over the past 33 years, it first presented a steady growth, then fluctuating growth, and finally a rapid growth trend in the yearly number of publications in LUCES research. The USA (17.31%), China (14.96%), and the UK (7.37%) occupy a dominant position in this research field. (2) The related LUCES research is interdisciplinary, which mainly cover science and technology, meteorology and atmospheric sciences, geology, and environmental sciences and ecology disciplines. (3) The research hotspot analysis on LUCES shows that these articles mostly covered the follow three aspects: ecosystem services, climate change, and carbon neutrality. (4) A review of the past LUCES literature suggests that it is mainly focused on exploring the forefront issues in terms of the definition and boundaries, evaluation method and influencing factors, etc. This work suggests that further research could explore the main scientific problems on quantification of land-based carbon neutrality, quantitative analysis of the impact mechanisms, as well as interdisciplinary research and collaborative governance needed for carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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517. Using the integrated residential land use intensity index for more liveable, new Egyptian compound projects.
- Author
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Mohamed Abd-Elkawy, Abeer Ahmed
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LAND use ,HOUSING ,REAL estate developers ,HOUSING development ,PRIVATE communities - Abstract
This paper proposes the introduction of the integrated land use intensity index (ILUII) for new integrated urban residential projects in Egypt. This proposal is supported by previous studies and international experiences which have been used to formulate and calculate ILUII for housing sector developments. This index is also tested on a new Egyptian housing project for middle-income groups (an Arab Building Company [ABC] project). The testing focuses on assessing the role of ILUII and other indexes for achieving liveable communities. Furthermore, this paper investigates how this index could be applied to future housing projects in Egypt and could meet the goals and requirements of the state, residents and real estate developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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518. MtSCCD:面向深度学习的土地利用场景分类与变化检测数据集.
- Author
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周, 维勋, 刘, 京雷, 彭, 代锋, 管, 海燕, and 邵, 振峰
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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519. Complementary labor opportunities in Indonesian pulpwood plantations with implications for land use
- Author
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Pirard, Romain and Mayer, Judith
- Published
- 2009
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520. Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 39th and 40th Annual Meetings Held Concurrently in Washington, D.C. September, 1943.
- Subjects
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GEOGRAPHY , *LAND use - Abstract
Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 39th and 40th Annual Meetings, published in the December 1943 issue of the "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." "Some Research Problems on Geographical Names," by Burton W. Adkinson; "Post-War Land Settlement Problems in the United States," by Carleton P. Barnes; "The Reorganization of the United States Board on Geographical Names," by Meredith F. Burrill; "Land Treatment for Flood Abatement," by Howard L. Cook.
- Published
- 1943
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521. Titles and Abstracts of Papers Ypsilati, 1931.
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GEOGRAPHICAL research , *POPULATION , *GEOMORPHOLOGY , *LAND use , *EARTH sciences - Abstract
Studies the abstracts of several research papers on geography in 1931. Population changes; Regional physiography; Regional shifts in land use.
- Published
- 1932
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522. Priority areas for conservation of Old World vultures
- Author
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Andre Botha, Andrea Santangeli, Enrico Di Minin, Evan R. Buechley, Atte Moilanen, Marco Girardello, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science, Department of Geosciences and Geography, and Digital Geography Lab
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,buitres africanos - euroasiaticos ,生物多样性效益 ,Sanitation ,(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ,Biodiversity ,生态系统平衡 ,balance ambiental ,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ,Zonation 软件 ,01 natural sciences ,beneficios de la biodiversidad ,Ecosystem services ,生态系统服务 ,servicio ambiental ,Contributed Papers ,2. Zero hunger ,RENEWABLE ENERGY ,conservación de carroñeros ,Ecology ,biology ,Agroforestry ,HUMANS ,Zonation (sic) ,African-Eurasian vultures ,conservacion de carroneros ,Geography ,software Zonation ,SCAVENGERS ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,BIODIVERSITY LOSS ,(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ,WILDLIFE ,非洲‐欧亚的秃鹰 ,(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ,POISON ,食腐动物保护 ,biodiversity benefits ,010603 evolutionary biology ,biology.animal ,BENEFITS ,Carrion ,ecosystem balance ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Zonation software ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Vulture ,Sustainable development ,Land use ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic) ,15. Life on land ,scavenger conservation ,Human waste ,Contributed Paper ,ecosystem service ,13. Climate action ,African‐Eurasian vultures ,buitres africanos – euroasiáticos - Abstract
The prosperity and well‐being of human societies relies on healthy ecosystems and the services they provide. However, the biodiversity crisis is undermining ecosystems services and functions. Vultures are among the most imperiled taxonomic groups on Earth, yet they have a fundamental ecosystem function. These obligate scavengers rapidly consume large amounts of carrion and human waste, a service that may aid in both disease prevention and control of mammalian scavengers, including feral dogs, which in turn threaten humans. We combined information about the distribution of all 15 vulture species found in Europe, Asia, and Africa with their threats and used detailed expert knowledge on threat intensity to prioritize critical areas for conserving vultures in Africa and Eurasia. Threats we identified included poisoning, mortality due to collision with wind energy infrastructures, and other anthropogenic activities related to human land use and influence. Areas important for vulture conservation were concentrated in southern and eastern Africa, South Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula, and over 80% of these areas were unprotected. Some vulture species required larger areas for protection than others. Finally, countries that had the largest share of all identified important priority areas for vulture conservation were those with the largest expenditures related to rabies burden (e.g., India, China, and Myanmar). Vulture populations have declined markedly in most of these countries. Restoring healthy vulture populations through targeted actions in the priority areas we identified may help restore the ecosystem services vultures provide, including sanitation and potentially prevention of diseases, such as rabies, a heavy burden afflicting fragile societies. Our findings may guide stakeholders to prioritize actions where they are needed most in order to achieve international goals for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development., Article impact statement: Eighty percent of areas important for Old World vulture conservation are unprotected and in southern and eastern Africa, South Asia, and Iberia.
- Published
- 2019
523. Landmark Papers: No. 3.
- Author
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Jarvis, S.
- Subjects
- *
CARBON in soils , *LAND use , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
The author reflects on the study which investigates the global status of soil carbon contents conducted by Niels Batjes. The author discusses the importance of the study associated with land use and policies on greenhouse gas emission control. He also mentions various persons who commented on the study such as Peter Loveland, Franz Conen and Bas van Wesemael.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
524. Impact in Regional Science.
- Author
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Van Dijk, Jouke
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LAND use , *ECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC geography , *ECONOMIC activity - Abstract
The author reflects on the impact of studies published in "Papers in Regional Science" on regional science. According to the author, the impact factor increased to 1.265 for 2008 which reflects that articles in the journal were being used in science. The author also talked about the special issue of the journal, which includes reports about economic systems, land use and economic geography.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
525. Risk factors for intestinal parasitoses among children and youth of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Author
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Paola Cociancic, Sandra Edith Torrusio, María Lorena Zonta, and Graciela Teresa Navone
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD ,Intestinal parasite ,Otras Ciencias Biológicas ,Biología ,030231 tropical medicine ,Argentina ,Ciencias de la Salud ,Developing country ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Ciencias Biológicas ,03 medical and health sciences ,purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https] ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Parasitología ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Enterobius ,Risk factor ,Children ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Land use ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,One Health ,purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https] ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Research Paper - Abstract
Introduction Intestinal parasitoses affect millions of people worldwide, especially children of developing countries. In Argentina, the prevalence of these infections varies among areas according to socio-economic and climatic variability. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses and risk factors in child and youth populations from neighbourhoods of La Plata (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) affected by occasional floods, including a serious flood in 2013. Methods Serial stool samples and anal swabs of 398 individuals were processed using techniques of sedimentation and flotation. Socio-economic variables were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire and the land use/cover was determined by classification of a satellite image. Results Of all examined individuals, 70.9% were parasitized by at least one of the 12 parasites identified. The most prevalent species were Blastocystis sp. (42.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (34.7%) and Giardia lamblia (17.6%). Infection risk factors included houses built with makeshift materials and dirt floors; lack of piped water and public waste collection service, bed-sharing and living in the non-urban area. >70.3% of the participants that lived within, Graphical abstract Intestinal parasitoses are still a serious public health problem and that they are strongly associated with socio-economic conditions and land use/cover.Unlabelled Image, Highlights • >70% of children and youth were parasitized. • 12 parasitic species were identified. • Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis were the most prevalent species. • Intestinal parasitoses are strongly associated with socio-economic conditions. • Land use/cover was an important infection risk.
- Published
- 2020
526. Determination of agricultural land suitability with a multiple-criteria decision-making method in Northwestern Turkey
- Author
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Timuçin Everest, Ali Sungur, and Hasan Özcan
- Subjects
Soil map ,Original Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Geographic information system ,Land use ,Analytic hierarchy process ,business.industry ,Elevation ,Environmental monitoring ,Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ,Agricultural engineering ,010501 environmental sciences ,Geographic information systems ,01 natural sciences ,Lapseki ,Agriculture ,Agricultural land ,Suitable site selection ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This study was carried out in the district of Lapseki in Canakkale, Turkey. The suitability of land in Lapseki for agriculture was evaluated by using an analytic hierarchy process. In the study, the basic parameters were determined by using the soil map and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. Land use capability classes, soil depth, erosion risk and other soil properties (limiting factors) were obtained from the soil map, while slope, elevation and aspect were obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. To determine the weight of the parameters in the analytic hierarchy process, the opinions of the public institutions and experts were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed with the analytic hierarchy process and mapped with geographic information systems techniques, and a land suitability map was generated. The agricultural land suitability map demonstrated that 2.95% (2557 ha) of the lands in the study area were highly suitable; 10.37% (8989 ha) were moderately suitable; 53.47% (46,336 ha) were marginally suitable; and 33.21% (28,775 ha) were not suitable for agricultural use. The data from the agricultural land suitability map were compared with the Coordination of Information on the Environment 2012 data. As a result of comparison, 14.12% (361 ha) of highly suitable lands for agriculture and 2.25% (202 ha) of moderate suitable lands for agriculture are urbanized. It was seen that 45.71% (24,837 ha) of the lands that are marginally suitable for agriculture and 18.76% (5397 ha) of the not suitable lands had current land use for agriculture.
- Published
- 2020
527. Transdisciplinary Bioblitz: Rapid biotic and abiotic inventory allows studying environmental changes over 60 years at the Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Brittany, France) and opens new interdisciplinary research opportunities
- Author
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Jérémie Blémus, Cécile Monard, Régis Supper, Elora Benezeth, Alain Rissel, Guillaume Humbert, Philippe Vernon, Julien Pétillon, Myriam Bormans, Astrid Bütof, Glenn F Dubois, Maël Garrin, Eric Collias, Annegret Nicolai, Hughes Chedanne, Martin Potthoff, Hoël Hotte, Claudia Wiegand, Olivier Norvez, Barbara Mai, Pascaline Le Gouar, Cécile Le Lann, Christophe Piscart, Benoît Froger, Daniel Cluzeau, Grégoire Perez, Thomas Dubos, Tiphaine Ouisse, Sébastien Dugravot, Morgane Hervé, Maxime Poupelin, Dominique Vallet, Sarah Guillocheau, Grégoire Loïs, Kévin Tougeron, Guillaume Bouger, Alexandrine Pannard, Odile Marie-Réau, Gaëlle Richard, Pierre Devogel, Céline Rochais, Erik Welk, Manon Balbi, Lou Barbe, Jean-Pierre Caudal, Yann Rantier, Joël Esnault, Vincent Jung, Muriel Guernion, Lina Sene, Mathurin Carnet, Alain Bellido, Maryvonne Charrier, Kevin Hoeffner, Dominique Marguerie, Daniel Cylly, Valérie Briand, Mathieu Santonja, Audrey Chambet, Clément Gouraud, Jacques-Olivier Farcy, Maxime Dahirel, Alain Butet, Khaoula Ayati, Nelly Ménard, Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMS 3343 (OSU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Géoarchitecture : Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherches Historiques de l'Ouest (CERHIO), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRoupe d'ÉTude des Invertébrés Armoricains (GRETIA), Commission de culture scientifique et technique, Conservatoire Botanique National de Brest (CBN), SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Cercle Naturaliste des Etudiants Rennais (CNER), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Bretagne Vivante - Société pour l'Etude et la Protection de la Nature en Bretagne (SEPNB), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Encyclopédie de Brocéliande, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Chercheur indépendant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Bretagne Vivante, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Range (biology) ,photographical landscape observation ,Biodiversity & Conservation ,Biodiversity ,physico-chemical parameters ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,soil biota ,03 medical and health sciences ,historical biodiversity data ,terrestrial ,multi-trophic sampling ,citizen science ,Ecology & Environmental sciences ,Citizen science ,Animalia ,Protozoa ,Plantae ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Aquatic biology ,Abiotic component ,Chromista ,Bacteria ,Ecology ,Land use ,long-term survey ,Fungi ,land use ,Plant community ,aquatic ,15. Life on land ,Data Paper (Biosciences) ,plant communities ,Europe ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Habitat ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,ATBI ,13. Climate action ,BioBlitz ,multi-habitat cartography ,aqua ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
International audience; Background - The Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Station Biologique de Paimpont, SBP), owned by the University of Rennes and located in the Brocéliande Forest of Brittany (France), has been hosting student scientific research and field trips during the last 60 years. The study area of the SBP is a landscape mosaic of 17 ha composed of gorse moors, forests, prairies, ponds and creeks. Land use has evolved over time. Historical surveys by students and researchers focused on insects and birds. With this study, we aimed to increase the range of taxa observations, document changes in species composition and landscape and provide a basis for interdisciplinary research perspectives. We gathered historical data, implemented an all-taxon biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in different habitats of the SBP study area, measured abiotic factors in the air, water and soil and performed a photographical landscape observation during the BioBlitz held in July 2017. New information - During the 24 h BioBlitz, organised by the SBP and the EcoBio lab from the University of Rennes and the French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), different habitats were individually sampled. Seventy-seven experts, accompanied by 120 citizens and 12 young people participating in the European Volunteer Service, observed, identified and databased 660 species covering 5 kingdoms, 8 phyla, 21 classes, 90 orders and 247 families. In total, there were 1819 occurrences including records identified to higher taxon ranks, thereby adding one more kingdom and four more phyla. Historical data collection resulted in 1176 species and 4270 occurrences databased. We also recorded 13 climatic parameters, 10 soil parameters and 18 water parameters during the BioBlitz. Current habitats were mapped and socio-ecological landscape changes were assessed with a diachronic approach using 32 historical photographs and historical maps. The coupling of historical biodiversity data with new biotic and abiotic data and a photographic comparison of landscape changes allows an integrative understanding of how the SBP changed from agriculturally-used land to a managed natural area within the last 60 years. Hence, this BioBlitz represents an important holistic sampling of biodiversity for studies on trophic webs or on trophic interactions or on very diverse, but connected, habitats. The integration of social, biotic and abiotic data opens innovative research opportunities on the evolution of socio-ecosystems and landscapes.
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- 2020
528. MAIN FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGE IN ROMANIA - A TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS.
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RUSU, MARIOARA
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LAND use ,AGRICULTURAL intensification ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,AGRICULTURAL development - Abstract
In Europe, in the last decades, there have been significant changes in the categories of agricultural land use, in the two main directions of change: intensification and extensification. The main objective of this paper aims to analyze the main factors that influenced these changes in Romania at county level. The research methods used to achieve the main objective were: i) bibliographic documentation; ii) statistical analysis (data on the land fund structure at county level); and iii) cluster analysis. Starting from the theoretical model proposed by van Vliet, who identified multiple factors that affect changes in land use categories (demographic, economic, technological, institutional, socio-cultural and location factors) in his papers, it can be concluded that understanding the processes of changing the use of agricultural land and the factors that influence this process is important to anticipate Romania's future development paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
529. Migration-related land use dynamics in increasingly hybrid peri-urban space: insights from two agricultural communities in Bolivia
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Jokinen, Johanna Carolina
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land use change ,Bolivia ,Agricultural change ,Peri-urban space ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Human Geography ,Transnational labor migration ,Urbanization ,Human geography ,Land use, land-use change and forestry ,Economic geography ,Land use change ,Demography ,Original Paper ,peri-urban space ,Conceptualization ,Land use ,Kulturgeografi ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Subsistence agriculture ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Livelihood ,Latin America ,Geography ,agricultural change ,Agriculture ,transnational labor migration ,business ,050703 geography - Abstract
This article investigates the impact of transnational labor migration on agriculture in urbanizing communities in Bolivia. Previous research shows that the characteristics of rural out-migration communities affect whether agricultural practices are intensified and improved. Using a mixed methods approach, two closely located peri-urban communities with distinct prerequisites for agricultural development are analyzed. This study shows weak migration-induced changes in agriculture and concludes that transnational migration does not necessarily accelerate an ongoing urbanization process. It shows that remittances function to maintain farming for subsistence and as a secondary livelihood activity. However, major investments in agricultural intensification are not attractive due to the communities’ proximity to the main cities. This article highlights the need for nuanced conceptualization when studying migration-driven agricultural change in hybrid peri-urban spaces. Este artículo investiga el impacto de la migración laboral transnacional en la agricultura de comunidades en proceso de urbanización en Bolivia. Investigaciones anteriores muestran que las características de las comunidades rurales de donde provienen los migrantes inciden sobre la intensificación y mejora de las prácticas agrícolas. Utilizando un enfoque de métodos mixtos, se analizan dos comunidades periurbanas, geográficamente cercanas, y con prerrequisitos diferentes para el desarrollo agrícola. Este estudio muestra cambios débiles en la agricultura inducidos por la migración y concluye que la migración transnacional no necesariamente acelera el proceso creciente de urbanización. Muestra también que las remesas permiten mantener la agricultura como actividad secundaria para la subsistencia. Sin embargo, grandes inversiones en la intensificación agrícola no son atractivas, debido a la proximidad de las comunidades a las ciudades principales. Este artículo destaca la necesidad de una conceptualización matizada al momento de estudiar el cambio agrícola impulsado por la migración en espacios híbridos periurbanos.
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- 2018
530. Understanding temporal and spatial variations of viral disease in the US: The need for a one-health-based data collection and analysis approach
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Irene Xagoraraki and Evan O'Brien
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lcsh:R5-920 ,education.field_of_study ,Land use ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Outbreak ,Wildlife disease ,Environmental data ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,One Health ,Agricultural land ,Environmental health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,education ,Environmental quality ,Research Paper - Abstract
Viral diseases exhibit spatial and temporal variation, and there are many factors that can affect their occurrence. The identification of these factors is critical in the efforts to predict and lessen viral disease burden. Because viral infection is able to spread to humans from the environment, animals, and other humans, the One-Health framework can be used to investigate the critical pathways through which viruses are transported and transmitted. A holistic approach, incorporating publicly available clinical data for human, livestock, and wildlife disease occurrence, together with environmental data reported in federal and state databases such as parameters related to land use, environmental quality, and weather, can enhance the understanding of variations in disease patterns, leading to the design and implementation of surveillance systems. An example analysis approach is presented for Michigan, United States, which is a state with large urban centers as well as a sizeable rural and agricultural population. Analysis of publicly available data from 2017 indicates that gastrointestinal (GI) and influenza-associated illnesses in Michigan may have been related with agricultural land use to a higher extent than with developed land use during that year. Meanwhile, hepatitis A virus appears to be most closely related with developed land use in dense population areas. GI illnesses may be related to precipitation, and this relationship is strongest in the springtime, although GI illnesses are most common in the winter months. Integration of human-related clinical data, animal disease data, and environmental data can ultimately be used for prioritization of the most critical locations and times for viral outbreaks in both urban and rural environments.
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- 2019
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531. The Future of Public Forests: An Institutional Blending Approach to Forest Governance in England
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Hodge, Ian D. and Adams, William M.
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Early in 2011, the Government initiated a consultation on the potential sale of the Public Forest Estate in England. This proposal leads to vociferous negative public reaction and the consultation was withdrawn and an Independent Panel established. This paper reviews the arguments as to the options and appropriate institutional arrangements for forest management. The Government's proposal reflected a continuing focus on neoliberalisation. However, we argue that discussion of neoliberalism has become excessively broad and contradictory and we set the debate about the PFE in the context of institutional blending. First we consider whether forestry operations might be more efficient if held under private ownership and the role of contracting out forest and recreational activities on the estate. Forest land produces multiple outputs, including both private and public goods. After briefly reviewing the ways in which the state can regulate environmental management of private forest land, we consider alternative types of private ownership and their potential contributions to forest governance. Appropriate institutions will depend on the public objectives and circumstances of particular locations and we briefly outline alternative arrangements suited to particular contexts. Finally we reflect on the outcome of the review and on the role of the Forestry Commission in contemporary circumstances. (Contains 1 figure.)
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- 2013
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532. The 1987 use classes order
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Taylor, Nicholas
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- 1990
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533. Second Home Owners, Locals and Their Perspectives on Rural Development
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Farstad, Maja and Rye, Johan Fredrik
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Dominating strands within the research literature on second homes explain social conflicts between rural hosting and visiting second home populations by describing their differing perspectives on rural development. Such presentations suggest that locals are likely to welcome new developments in order to enhance the economic viability of their rural communities, whereas second home owners advocate conservation of the rural idyll that attracted them in the first place. In this paper, we argue that these simplified differences conceptualised in the contemporary second home research literature are faulty. By analysing 42 qualitative in-depth interviews with second home owners and locals in four Norwegian municipalities, we demonstrate how both locals and second home owners are protective of their rural idyll and, at the very same time, open to rural development. More exactly, locals and second home owners alike generally welcome new activities only when they do not take place in their own vicinity. As such, both categories' interests reflect a "Not in my backyard" (NIMBY) line of logic. Hence, we argue that the major lines of conflict concerning land use in second home municipalities do not run between locals and visitors but between those initiating different kinds of new developments and those appreciating the hitherto existing qualities and appearance of the areas of development localisation. Nevertheless, the influx of second home owners is still influencing the potential for land use conflicts due to the high number of actors present in the same location. In effect, crowding a rural area with second home developments generates more "backyards" and thus guardians of these. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)
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- 2013
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534. Abandonment – the planning position
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Cooling, Penelope
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- 1990
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535. Learning through Fictional Business: Expertise for Real Life?
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Kettula, Kirsi and Clarkeburn, Henriikka
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether educational drama can be used as a tool to facilitate expert knowledge development and to help students prepare themselves for working life. Design/methodology/approach: The target group consisted of 41 students of Forest Sciences who had participated in a course of professional ethics taught through educational drama. Qualitative research data were collected from learning journals and quantitative data from questionnaires. Findings: The results indicate that educational drama has a potential to foster expert knowledge development, because it can bring a sense of real life to classrooms and thus give experiences that resemble working-life experiences. The course that was taught through educational drama gave students a sense of putting theory into practice and of solving working-life problems. The students also felt that this course had made them more prepared for unforeseen situations in working life. Further, teaching professional ethics through educational drama may be a worthwhile tool to help students encounter the working-life challenges of ethics and sustainability in particular. Research limitations/implications: Further studies are needed to determine the quality of the students' professional learning in educational drama and the long-term impacts of teaching through drama. Practical implications: The findings have practical implications for higher education related to the enhancement of expert knowledge development and preparing students for working life. Originality/value: This paper introduces educational drama as an encouraging tool in higher education to simulate real-life situations in the classrooms, and thus providing students with opportunities to practise for working life and grow as experts. (Contains 1 figure.)
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- 2013
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536. A License to Produce? Farmer Interpretations of the New Food Security Agenda
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Fish, Rob, Lobley, Matt, and Winter, Michael
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Drawing on the findings of empirical research conducted in the South West of England, this paper explores how farmers make sense of re-emerging imperatives for "food security" in UK policy and political discourse. The analysis presented is based on two types of empirical inquiry. First, an extensive survey of 1543 farmers, exploring the basic associations farmers make with the term "food security". Second, a novel methodological experiment in "deliberative polling" undertaken with a group of 33 farmers in the area of Mid Devon, where farmers were polled on issues relating to food security discourse before and after a process of group discussion. Participants in the study are revealed as generally very alert to the emerging contours of the wider food security debate. Most aligned themselves with the normative goal of increasing the productive capacity of UK land resources, and asserted this concern in relation to wider issues of sustainable land use. However the study also reveals key discrepancies between policy appeals to food security and the values and priorities of farmers, not least through participant appeals to greater national self-determination in food supplies. This is viewed as a pretext upon which patterns of economically and socially viable local farming might be re-invigorated. (Contains 5 tables.)
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- 2013
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537. Blended Learning in Higher Education: Current and Future Challenges in Surveying Education
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El-Mowafy, Ahm, Kuhn, Michael, and Snow, Tony
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The development of a blended learning approach to enhance surveying education is discussed. The need for this learning strategy is first investigated based on a major review of the surveying course, including analysis of its content, benchmarking with key national and international universities, and surveys of key stakeholders. Appropriate blended learning methods and tools that couple learning theory principles and developing technical skills are discussed including using learning management systems, flip teaching, collaborative learning, simulation based e-learning, and peer assessment. Two blended-learning tools developed for surveying units are presented as examples. The first is an online interactive virtual simulation tool for levelling, one of the key tasks in surveying. The second is an e-assessment digital marking, moderation and feedback module. Surveys of students showed that they found the interactive simulation tool contributes to improving their understanding of required tasks. Students also found the e-assessment tool helpful in improving their performance and in helping them to focus on the objectives of each activity. In addition, the use of peer e-assessment to improve student learning and as a diagnostic tool for tutors is demonstrated. The paper concludes with a discussion on developing generic skills through authentic learning in surveying education.
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- 2013
538. Land-Use and Environmental Pressures Resulting from Current and Future Bioenergy Crop Expansion: A Review
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Miyake, Saori, Renouf, Marguerite, Peterson, Ann, McAlpine, Clive, and Smith, Carl
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Recent energy and climate policies, particularly in the developed world, have increased demand for bioenergy as an alternative, which has led to both direct and indirect land-use changes and an array of environmental and socio-economic concerns. A comprehensive understanding of the land-use dynamics of bioenergy crop production is essential for the development of sustainable bioenergy and land-use policies. In this paper, we review the patterns and dynamics of land-use change associated with bioenergy crops (hereafter referred to as "bioenergy-driven land-use change"). The review focuses on four regions as the most prominent locations in which these patterns and changes occur: Brazil; Indonesia and Malaysia; the United States of America (U.S.A.); and the European Union (EU). The review confirms that bioenergy-driven land-use change has affected and will impact most severely on the "land- and resource-abundant" developing regions, such as Brazil, where economic development takes priority over sustainable land-use policies, and the enforcement capability is limited. Opportunities for more effective policy are available through the development of international climate change policy (e.g. REDD under the UNFCCC), and certification criteria for sustainable bioenergy products (e.g. EU RED). However, bioenergy produced from no and/or less land-using feedstocks (e.g. wastes and residues), and their associated technologies must be given higher priority to minimise bioenergy-driven land-use change and its negative impacts. (Contains 2 figures.)
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- 2012
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539. The Role of Private Corporations in Regional Planning and Development: Opportunities and Challenges for the Governance of Housing and Land Use
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Morrison, T. H., Wilson, C., and Bell, M.
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There is a broad consensus that the corporate sector has an active role in facilitating community development through corporate-community investment. However, there remains uncertainty as to how much the sector should invest without taking on responsibilities and influencing decisions which are traditionally within the realm of the state. This paper explores the contemporary role of mining companies in regional governance through a case study of housing and residential land use planning and supply within the Bowen Basin coal mining and coal seam gas extraction region in Queensland, Australia. Mining companies were found to have a broad role in planning and development with far-reaching implications for land use and the wider regional community. These arrangements have emerged in response to corporate sensibilities, some recent policy requirements and most importantly, in pragmatic response to the institutional void apparent in many regional communities. In the absence of an effective regional framework with a clear and defined role for governments and corporations, powerful corporate interests risk effectively "capturing" the regional development agenda within a framework that works on short-term paternalism rather than long-term regional partnerships. This also has implications for the efficiency of governance. Stronger institutional arrangements need to be developed to strengthen the capacity of the state to oversee these relationships. Regional governance and planning theory also needs to address this deficit. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.)
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- 2012
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540. The Potential for Collaborative Agri-Environment Schemes in England: Can a Well-Designed Collaborative Approach Address Farmers' Concerns with Current Schemes?
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Emery, Steven B. and Franks, Jeremy R.
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There is increasing recognition that whilst agri-environment schemes in England have had discernable benefits, their success in relation to certain species and resources has been inhibited by the piecemeal implementation of Environmental Stewardship (ES) on the basis of single farm agreements. In this paper we examine the receptivity of farmers to the idea of landscape-scale, collaborative agri-environment schemes (cAES) based on semi-structured interviewing in three English case-study areas. Using qualitative sociocultural interpretation we argue that a lack of communication and mutual understanding between farmers; a cultural imperative for independence and timeliness, and; alternative interpretations of risk amongst farmers present potential barriers to cAES. We also argue, however, that if designed appropriately, cAES have the potential to overcome certain concerns that farmers hold about the existing ES schemes. In particular, cAES are likely to gain support from farmers where they are seen to offer greater flexibility; scope for farmer involvement in scheme design; locally targeted and clearly defined aims, and; demonstrable benefits that can be monitored as a record of success. We provide policy recommendations and suggest that cAES have the potential to deliver greater environmental benefits, whilst at the same time encouraging farmers' participation in, and satisfaction with, agri-environment schemes. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)
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- 2012
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541. Small-Scale Farming in Semi-Arid Areas: Livelihood Dynamics between 1997 and 2010 in Laikipia, Kenya
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Ulrich, Anne, Speranza, Chinwe Ifejika, Roden, Paul, Kiteme, Boniface, Wiesmann, Urs, and Nusser, Marcus
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The rural population of semi-arid lands in Kenya face multiple challenges that result from population growth, poor markets, land use and climatic changes. In particular, subsistence oriented farmers face various risks and opportunities in their attempt to secure their livelihoods. This paper presents an analysis on how livelihood assets and strategies of smallholders in Laikipia County, Kenya, have changed within the last decade and discusses the implications for development interventions. The analysis is based on bi-temporal data from 170 semi-structured household interviews in 1997 and a follow-up survey of 30 households conducted in 2010. Well-being indicators were developed and livelihood portfolios compared. The results show a striking persistence in low asset endowment for the majority of smallholders from an aggregated perspective, whereas transitions into and out of better livelihood conditions become evident from a household perspective. The investment in, and accumulation of, conventional buffer or productive assets, such as grain stocks, livestock or land, does not shield households from adverse shocks and stresses as smallholders were shown to easily slip back into poverty. Household portfolios display particular constraints for smallholders in expanding natural resource related activities and a substantial decrease in livestock numbers. While off-farm activities could possibly increase well-being, the prevailing low income levels and high insecurity for the majority who are engaged in off-farm employment, limits the ability to increase livelihood assets in the area. (Contains 1 table and 6 figures.)
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- 2012
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542. Of Organic Farmers and 'Good Farmers': Changing Habitus in Rural England
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Sutherland, Lee-Ann and Darnhofer, Ika
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In recent years, numerous studies have identified the importance of cultural constructions of "good farming" to farming practice. In this paper, we develop the "good farming" construct through an empirical study of organic and conventional farmers, focussing on how change occurs. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital, habitus and fields, we argue that the dynamics of the "rules of the game" in the agricultural field have simultaneously led to a broadening of the "good farming" ideal, and to a fragmentation, whereby individual farmers prioritise a subset of this broad range. We demonstrate that gradual devaluation of existing ways to achieve cultural capital is essential to the development of new symbolic values. In line with this, we offer a critique of the implied static nature of cultural capital in the studies of farmer responses to agri-environmental schemes. We also point out that the alterations in perception and practices of farmers who converted to organic farming for "pragmatic" reasons may be greater than sometimes implied.
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- 2012
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543. Canoe Pedagogy and Colonial History: Exploring Contested Spaces of Outdoor Environmental Education
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Newbery, Liz
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In this paper, I explore how histories of colonialism are integral to the Euro-Western idea of wilderness at the heart of much outdoor environmental education. In the context of canoe tripping, I speculate about why the politics of land rarely enters into teaching on the land. Finally, because learning from difficult knowledge often troubles the learner, I consider the pedagogical value of emotional responses to curricula that address colonial implication. (Contains 4 notes.)
- Published
- 2012
544. Agreement on Water and a Watered-Down Agreement: The Political Ecology of Contested Coastal Development in Down East, North Carolina
- Author
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Campbell, Lisa M. and Meletis, Zoe A.
- Abstract
In 2006, land use planning emerged as a contested issue in the rural area known as "Down East", Carteret County, in eastern North Carolina, USA. Down East is experiencing a transition from a commercial fishing to an amenity economy and concerns about related changes led to the formation of "Down East Tomorrow" (DET), a grassroots group that proposed a one-year development moratorium in order to facilitate a community planning process. In this paper, we use political ecology to examine the fate of the moratorium as reflected in the public written record, primarily minutes of meetings of the Carteret County Board of Commissioners. We illustrate how issues of community, science, and governance were linked to an increasing focus on coastal water quality in the debate, and argue that this focus facilitated a switch by the Board from considering a development moratorium to adopting a conservation ordinance, one that fell short of addressing DET's concerns. This outcome illustrates the power of formal political institutions in "First World" environmental conflicts and the difficulties of reconciling competing values associated with land use in areas of transition, especially where historical resistance to planning has been the norm. (Contains 3 figures and 1 table.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
545. Does Zoning Reform Work Only on Paper?
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- *
REFORMS , *ZONING - Published
- 2023
546. Labourers' Letters from Wellington to Surrey, 1840-1845: Lefebvre, Bernstein and Pedagogies of Appropriation
- Author
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Middleton, Sue
- Abstract
Henri Lefebvre suggested that social researchers engage in "the concrete analysis of rhythms" in order to reveal the "pedagogy of appropriation (the appropriation of the body, as of spatial practice)". Lefebvre's spatial analysis has influenced educational researchers, while the idea of "pedagogy" has travelled beyond education. This interdisciplinary paper combines Lefebvre's analytical trilogy of perceived, conceived and lived spaces with Bernstein's "pedagogical device" in an interrogation of historical documents. It engages in a "rhythm analysis" of the New Zealand Company's "pedagogical appropriation" of a group of agricultural labourers into its "systematic colonisation scheme". The temporal-spatial rhythms of the labourers' lives are accessible in nine surviving letters they wrote in Wellington and sent to Surrey between 1841 and 1844. By revealing how their bodies were "traversed by rhythms rather as the "ether" is traversed by waves", we gain insight how bodies, space and the self are mutually constitutive and constituted. (Contains 165 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
547. Participation and Power: Reflections on the Role of Government in Land Use Planning and Rural Development
- Author
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Aarts, Noelle and Leeuwis, Cees
- Abstract
Purpose: To examine the role of power in interactive policymaking settings. Design/Methodology/Approach: A literature study is combined with four case studies relating to citizen participation in natural resource management and rural development in the Netherlands. Findings: Many of the identified problems and dilemmas of interactive policymaking and citizens' participation can be traced back to a lack of clarity about the role of government and power in the context of interactive policymaking. Reflection on the literature reveals that the notion of power is not well integrated in dominant conceptualizations and normative theories about participation. Empirical observations suggest that this results in a vacuum whereby participants, on the one hand, do not feel that they are really participating and, on the other, experience a lack of direction that runs counter to their perceptions about the role and responsibility of government. Steering and participatory models of organizing communication in policy processes need to be complemented with a network model that allows governments to better situate themselves amidst the dynamics of power and processes of self-organization. Practical Implications: A balance needs to be created between, on the one hand, accountability and responsibility, and, on the other, influence and discretion in order to think about and deal with power in interactive policymaking in a new way. Originality/Value: The value of the paper lies in its conceptual analysis (based on both theory and practice) of different ways power plays a role in interactive policymaking. A new network model for conceptualizing government communication is introduced. (Contains 3 figures.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
548. Facing the Urban Challenge: Reimagining Land Use in America's Distressed Older Cities--The Federal Policy Role
- Author
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Brookings Institution and Mallach, Alan
- Abstract
The end of World War II heralded an era of urban disinvestment in the United States. While some cities began to rebound in the 1990s with population and economic growth, others--including large cities like Detroit, Cleveland, and St. Louis as well as many smaller cities and towns--did not, and have continued to decline. As these communities grapple with these issues, the federal government can and should play a supportive role. The Obama Administration has already taken the first steps, reflected in an August 2009 White House memorandum to federal department heads that called for a new focus on place-based strategies. This paper attempts to seize this opportunity. It looks at the challenges facing America's distressed older cities, focusing particularly on the causes and effects of widespread property vacancy and abandonment. It then examines the role and influence of federal policy on these cities over the past half century, and argues for replacing fragmented programs and initiatives with a coherent strategy that addresses their unique issues. Finally, it offers a set of specific recommendations for how the federal government can help distressed older cities reshape their physical landscape such that it becomes an asset for economic growth. Appended are: (1) Population Trends in 21 Major Shrinking Cities 1950-2007; and (2) Actions Needed to Implement Recommendations Supporting Strategic Planning. (Contains 5 tables and 98 endnotes.) [This report is authored by the Brookings Institution's Metropolitan Policy Program as part of the What Works Collaborative.]
- Published
- 2010
549. The Place of Pluriactivity in Brazil's Agrarian Reform Institutions
- Author
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Chase, Jacquelyn
- Abstract
Livelihood diversification by Brazil's peasantry has intensified as rural areas have become more integrated with the country's urban fabric and as landlessness and poverty have increased. Despite the growing awareness of pluriactivity by rural households, key agrarian institutions have not addressed this key feature of life of the people they intend to help or mobilize. This review looks at how two main agrarian institutions--the government agrarian reform institute (INCRA) and the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST)--avoid or are even hostile to notions of pluriactivity in their affiliated rural settlements. The paper concludes by suggesting that agrarian institutions adopt a territorial rather than sectoral approach to rural livelihoods.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
550. Poster Display — Alternative Term Project
- Author
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Lemme, Gary D.
- Published
- 1981
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