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Two elementary-grade activities on geography are combined. The first activity employs a group discussion approach to investigate neighborhoods and residences. Given data about a neighborhood area in Houston, students make predictions and express feelings about future developments in the area. The second activity investigates urban planning in Moscow. Issues that are examined include the future of cities, urban sprawl, the morphology of a large city, and the relationship of people to an urban environment. It is hoped that students learn to apply the regional method of geography to a study of Moscow, and that they develop an understanding of their local urban environment. Problem-solving and inquiry skills are utilized as teaching techniques. Five investigation questions and 24 activities are offered. The activities described above are two of 12 (SO 009 140 through 150) teacher-developed elementary instructional activities and 17 teacher-developed secondary instructional activities (SO 009 151 through 167) comprising this series on geography-related topics. They are available individually and as elementary or secondary sets. The materials are intended to help teachers in developing units for the classroom. Topics that are covered require student inquiry into current problems such as land use, development, pollution, and population. Mastery of geography skills is emphasized. Instructional approaches include simulations, role playing, mapping, group discussion, experiential learning, field excursions, gaming, and case studies. (ND)

The Reference Materials Manual is part of a set of 21 manuals (AA 001 009-001 029) used in APEX (Air Pollution Exercise), a computerized college and professional level "real world" game simulation of a community with urban and rural problems, industrial activities, and air pollution difficulties. For the purposes of the gaming exercise, APEX County, including the urban area of Central City and the surrounding rural districts, is divided into 29 analysis areas. Information and data for each of these analysis areas are presented in this manual. Population, employment and land use are allocated to the areas and are categorized by types established especially for APEX. These types are described in the glossary included in this manual (and in other manuals, except volume 21). The glossary is designed to aid participants in learning the terminology of urban and environmental management as well as that of the gaming exercise. The gamed environment is similar to that found in a typical midwestern industrialized town (the prototype city is Lansing, Michigan), The game simulation procedure and required computer facilities are further described in resumes for AA 001 009 and 001 010. (Author/PR)

In this publication, written for use in guiding community recreation and park systems, the following topics are discussed: why parks and recreational facilities should be developed, the need for governmental participation, and park-system development. Additionally, neighborhood parks, playlots, community parks, city-wide parks, regional parks and reservations, and specialized recreation areas and facilities are examined in terms of desirable physical characteristics and user populations. Principles applying to design of park and recreation areas and cooperative facility usafe by school and community are also reviewed. To provide examples of joint development of school-recreation facilities, 4 communities are described: Topeka, Kansas; Mount Prospect, Illinois; Austin, Texas; and Elk Grove Village, Illinois. An outline of recommended community park and recreation practices discusses administration, community cooperation, planning, facilities, programs, and personnel, and a chart of selected Illinois laws is included. (MJB)

This teaching guide develops a unit on community planning for the high school student. The format allows the student to make selected decisions in areas of geography, economics, history, and politics that form a base for the student to build a model of his own city as it is, and how the student would like to see it. Included is a vocabulary list, film list, and selected bibliography of books and journal articles. This work was prepared under an ESEA Title III contract. (BB)

An Open Space Policy Plan was developed for the State of New Jersey to provide an adequate blueprint for preserving open space and creating a desirable recreational environment in the State in anticipation of expected increases in population and urbanization. Consideration was given to local, county, State, and Federal responsibilities in the development of an open space statewide program. Emphasis was placed on the priority for open space planning and acquisition in the northern half of the State because of an already existing deficit in open space acreage in that area. Plans for both the 10 and 20 million levels of population were considered. In effect, the Open Space Policy Plan was designed to make future open space easily accessible by locating it in close proximity to potential and already existing urbanizing areas of the State. (VM)

CLUG (Community Land Use Game) is designed to provide players with an understanding of several underlying factors affecting the growth of an urban region. It has been used with players from junior high to graduate school and also with non-students. It unites concepts from sociology, economics, and geography. Players invest in land, construct buildings of various types, and seek ways to fit their investments into the evolving local economy to make a return on investments. Players compete with each other, but also learn to cooperate with each other for some purposes. The package includes rules and strategies for players, readings which pertain to issues highlighted in the game, and an instructor's manual. A series of "experiments" modifies the basic rules of the game and allows players to explore systematically the effects of urban phenomena like municipal finance, land use regulation, and environmental pollution. (JK)

The New Communities Project was the focus of the efforts of faculty and students of urban design, architecture, city and regional planning, members of the regional science group and many advisors and consultants. The orientation of the project was exploratory and experimental due to the complexity of the subject and the limitations of time. The project explored the physical and social design of a compact, moderate income, new community within the bounds of a metropolitan area. Maps, diagrams, sketches, interaction matrices, and photographs aid in explaining the development of the design concept. (TC)

This training program for officials and staff of the Metropolitan Planning Department of Marion County, Indiana, is initiated as an integral part of the comprehensive continuing planning program for the Indianapolis-Marion County metropolitan area. Training for the two groups consists of two separate but integrated activities. For the officials, emphasis will be on subjects relevant to urban growth and basic planning concepts, principles, and policies. For the planning staff, emphasis will be on the technical aspects of urban planning (transportation, zoning, land use, housing, and others) treated at considerable depth. Formal courses or lectures, preferably once a month in the evening, taught by professors and a variety of other experts and supplemented by films, filmstrips, and slides on urban development and community planning in North America, will be used. Orientation to governmental organization in Marion County and the operation of the Metropolitan Planning Department will be given to new staff. Accordingly, training for officials and for staff should be conducted at separate times and with somewhat different approaches. (author/ly)

A growing number of planning researchers and practitioners argue for a shift from mobility-centered transportation planning to an accessibility-focused one. Accessibility is a compelling concept th...

ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, mapas, tablas El desarrollo de este Trabajo Final de Maestría se enfatiza en la comprensión de la transformación de los suelos rurales suburbanos, los cuales presenta como problemática que el crecimiento urbano sobre los municipios de Cota, Chía y Cajicá se ha desbordado sobre los suelos rurales suburbanos, presentado así problemáticas como la pérdida de 4.599,07 Ha de suelos rurales agropecuarios y las dificultades de desarrollar ciudad en suelos rurales. El desarrollo metodológico se presenta de manera mixta, tomando valores cuantitativos desde la constitución de las extensiones de territorio y cualitativos enfatizados en las percepciones de la población sobre el territorio y de los instrumentos de ordenamiento. Como resultado se determina la aparición del fenómeno arrabal determinado cómo un proceso que sobrepasa las densidades e intensidades suburbanas sin desarrollos urbanísticos y con la transformación de los actores que implantan el “habitar urbano”. Todo esto es fortalecido por las dinámicas territoriales que orbitan alrededor del área metropolitana de Bogotá y que difumina cada vez más el límite urbano mediante de la anexión de suelos suburbanos. En esa medida se espera que los municipios en sus procesos de formulación de los planes de ordenamiento territorial identifiquen, diagnostiquen y solucionen los efectos y causas del fenómeno arrabal, e incorporen planteamientos de visiones conjuntas por ser parte de área metropolitana, al igual que establezcan su identificación como ciudades intermedias y pequeñas con el roll que juegan dentro del sistema territorial. (Texto tomado de la fuente). The development of this Final Master's Project emphasizes the understanding of the transformation of suburban rural land, which presents as a problem that urban growth in the municipalities of Cota, Chía and Cajicá has spilled over into suburban rural land, presented thus problems such as the loss of 4,599.07 Ha of rural agricultural land and the difficulties of developing cities on rural land. The methodological development is presented in a mixed way, taking quantitative values from the constitution of the extensions of territory and qualitative ones emphasized in the perceptions of the population about the territory and the ordering instruments. As a result, the appearance of the suburban phenomenon is determined as a process that exceeds suburban densities and intensities without urban developments and with the transformation of the actors that implement "urban living". All this is strengthened by the territorial dynamics that orbit around the metropolitan area of Bogotá and that increasingly blurs the urban limit through the annexation of suburban land. To this extent, it is expected that the municipalities, in their processes of formulating territorial ordering plans, identify, diagnose and solve the effects and causes of the suburb phenomenon, and incorporate approaches of joint visions for being part of the metropolitan area, as well as establishing their identification as intermediate and small cities with the role they play within the territorial system. Incluye anexos Maestría Magíster en Ordenamiento Urbano-Regional Ordenamiento territorial

Sustainable urban planning provides cities with the ability to combat climate change. Integrated urban hubs built to put together residents, events, houses, and green facilities, with convenient walking and cycling connections between them and an almost excellent bus service to the rest of the area. This ensures that everyone has equal access to benefits and facilities with the lowest financial and environmental prices with the most productive and healthy combination of transport types, and with the highest tolerance with damaging occurrences. For long-term sustainability, peace shared prosperity and prosperous, democratic society, inclusive growth is critical. Ideally, communities can create strategies to protect the natural habitat of land use as best as they can. Public developments with multiple bike paths and footpaths parallel to green fields and roads that integrate natural habitats are more effective planning initiatives, increasing the attractiveness and feasibility of mobility alternative steps. Stadt proposals for green parks, wide sidewalks and car-free zones at the city centers would also implement walkable street policies. In integrated development, reduction in urban sprawl has been a critical priority. In terms of geography, bringing the jobs, family and shopping as similar as possible was important. Urban planning, in conjunction with vehicle paths, would rely on omnipresent links both to the public transport and the pedestrian route; therefore, in addition to organized mass transportation, effective modes of travel do not necessarily require automobiles (walking, cycling) remain an option. The optimal city would be exceptionally densely situated, with a variety of environmentally sustainable transit options.

In the era of big data, multiple data sources have been employed in the study of land use and transportation for urban and regional planning purposes. This paper offers an example of how multiple data sources (e.g., mobile signalling data, taxi trips and transit trips from smartcard data) can be used to estimate the spatial pattern of commute mode preference in Beijing, China. The comparative analysis investigates the spatial pattern of commute mode preference by taxi at a fine resolution in Beijing. This work indicates how the preference for taxis can be seen in the north-east of the inner city, but not around employment centres. Equally, a complementary relationship is found between a preference for taxis and public transit that provides useful insights into modal choice at an intra-urban scale. These findings are useful in urban planning and transport management.

With the acceleration of urbanization and the development of urban rail transit (URT) in China, an increasing number of metropolises have begun to apply transit-oriented development (TOD) ...

La ciudad de Piribebuy, así como la mayoría de las ciudades del país carecen de un ordenamiento territorial. En consecuencia, la expansión incontrolada y desordenada de los asentamientos humanos y la ampliación no planificada está causando graves problemas. Con el objetivo de realizar la propuesta de zonificación en base al creci- miento urbano de la ciudad de Piribebuy comprendido entre 1994 y 2010 e identificar los tipos de emprendimientos encontrados en la zona de estudio a través del uso del suelo actual, fue realizado un estudio de tipo descriptivo y aplicativo que constó de tres fases, 1) medio físico natural describiendo las características físico naturales del casco urbano (análisis morfométrico, altimetría, clima, suelos, geología, hidrogeolo- gía, hidrología, pendiente y vegetación) considerando como marco de gestión la cuenca del arroyo Piribebuy; 2) medio físico artificial describiendo y cuantificando las características del casco urbano (usos del suelo, infraestructura, vialidad, espacios recreativos) y 3) medio social describiendo los aspectos demográficos, actividades económicas, turismo y naturaleza, cascos históricos para lo cual se realizaron entre- vistas, observación directa y uso de registro fotográfico. Se identificaron dos zonas: la primera corresponde a la llamada zona urbana (central, urbanizada y periférica) y la segunda, denominada áreas complementarias (interés ambiental, protección am- biental, turística/histórica y expansión urbana), todas con sus correspondientes regla- mentaciones referentes a usos permitidos, permisibles y no permitidos, a fin de evitar que el casco urbano pierda las características que lo hacen peculiar.

As the land use issue, caused by urban shrinkage in China, is becoming more and more prominent, research on urban shrinkage and expansion has become particularly challenging and urgent. Based on the points of interest (POI) data, this paper redefines the scope, quantity, and area of natural cities by using threshold methods, which accurately identify the shrinkage and expansion of cities in the Yellow River affected area using night light data in 2013 and 2018. The results show that: (1) there are 3130 natural cities (48118.75 km2) in the Yellow River affected area, including 604 shrinking cities (8407.50 km2) and 2165 expanding cities (32972.75 km2). (2) The spatial distributions of shrinking and expanding cities are quite different. The shrinking cities are mainly located in the upper Yellow River affected area, except for the administrative cities of Lanzhou and Yinchuan, the expanding cities are mainly distributed in the middle and lower Yellow River affected area, and the administrative cities of Lanzhou and Yinchuan. (3) Shrinking and expanding cities are typically smaller cities. The research results provide a quick data supported approach for regional urban planning and land use management, for when regional and central governments formulate the outlines of urban development monitoring and regional planning.

Land use planning is dominated by the growth paradigm—planning and development strategies of cities and regions to encompass increased demand for housing and infrastructure. Urban and Regional planning strategies are focused on enhancing development and growth to counter decline. In contrast, an emerging literature is concerned with planning for decline—managing population and infrastructure loss, decommissioning settlements and planning for reduced population and economy. The advent of a disaster is frequently a catalyst for local decline, but such loss is often connected to longer term issues and trends of population decline. New Orleans, Christchurch and Innisfail are examined in this chapter, to illustrate issues of population loss and demographic change against the impacts of specific disasters. The case studies exhibit multiple patterns of migration both spatially and temporally. Net migration has reflected population loss, but is not homogenous across the community. Specific demographic, cultural and socio-economic groups exhibited different patterns of migration and mobility. Reconstruction of such settlements faces changed demography with a shift in service and infrastructure needs. A reduced population requires land use rezoning, new strategic plans, land use change, removal of structures and re-siting of infrastructure while climate change related adaptation strategies identify protect, accommodate or retreat. Case studies illustrate various approaches to these issues.

This thesis will examine the strategic uses of rural residential development, particularly in the separation of urban areas in both a physical and visual sense. The region of South East Queensland is utilised as the study area to ascertain the effectiveness of rural residential development in this regard.The subject under discussion is important to urban and regional planning because of the high rate of population growth expected in South East Queensland and associated with this, the concerns regarding the potential for urban sprawl to occur in the region. This has implications for the manner in which urban and regional planning measures can accommodate such population growth, and the impacts that this could potentially have on the region. The South East Queensland region covers the geographical areas of Brisbane City, Gold Coast to the east, Beaudesert to the south, Noosa to the north and Toowoomba to the west. The population in this region is expected to increase by 1.12 million by the year 2011(SEQ2001, 1993c).In South East Queensland the area designated for rural residential development is greater than that allocated for urban development. It has been estimated that rural residential development occupies approximately 20% of the developed land which comprises both urban and rural residential(SEQ2001, 1993e). Rural residential development has also caused concern because of the lower densities of the land use, and therefore the need for adequate provision of land in the future for urban residential purposes. It is acknowledged that priority should be given to urban development to accommodate the expected population increase in the South East Queensland region, however the function that rural residential development could provide in this scenario also warrants significant attention.Rural residential development needs to be examined with regard to the effectiveness of the land use in the prevention of the merging of urban areas and the containment of these urban areas in SEQ. The study will examine the region of South East Queensland, canvass in detail the issues applicable to rural residential development, and in particular the manner in which these issues impact on the strategic use and effectiveness of rural residential development in separating urban areas. In particular a case study will be utilised to determine the effectiveness of rural residential development in the Caboolture Shire. The Shire of Caboolture is to be examined because of the significant amount of rural residential development which has occurred in the Shire, its proximity to Brisbane and the potential for the separation of urban areas by such a land use in the Shire.The utilisation of rural residential development in separating urban areas in the South East Queensland region could be achieved and maintained with the assistance of a greater emphasis on proactive and strategic planning approaches to rural residential development. Rural residential design principles will be outlined which could assist in the maintenance of an open rural character, emphasise amenity and environmental considerations, and thus contribute to the separation of urban areas.The effectiveness of the strategic use of rural residential development in separating urban areas will be reviewed and inferences drawn to whether this is singularly an effective land use or, whether the assistance of a mix of land uses can provide a more effective result. Although the problems associated with rural residential development need to be canvassed, the examination of the strategic use of rural residential development in separating urban areas should be analysed to ascertain whether this land use can assist in dealing with the problems of anticipated population growth and urban sprawl in the South East Queensland region.

This thesis will examine planning for sustainable rural residential development. The region of South East Queensland is used as the study area to ascertain the effectiveness of rural residential development in this regard.The subject under discussion is important to urban and regional planning because of the high rate of population growth expected in South East Queensland and associated with this, is the growing popularity of rural residential development as an alternative to urban living. In South East Queensland, the area designated for rural residential development is greater than that allocated for urban development. Rural residential development is cause for concern as it can have both positive and negative impacts. It is acknowledged that priority should be given to urban development to accommodate the expected population increase in the South East Queensland region, however the function that rural residential development could provide in this scenario also warrants significant attention.Rural residential development is a form of development that influences the settlement pattern or shape of a city or shire. Positive and negative implications of rural residential development affect not only the city/ shire boundary, but also the resident community and the environment. Thus, rural residential development needs to be examined with regard to the likely physical, environmental and socio-economic implications such a land use may have, and how sustainable land use planning can be utilised to maximise benefits and minimise costs.This thesis will investigate the nature of rural residential development through a discussion of trends, demands and issues associated with this type of development. By establishing the costs and benefits, the study will examine the key positive and negative implications of rural residential development that are necessary to consider in planning for sustainable rural residential development. Particular emphasis is given to the physical, environmental and socio-economic costs and benefits of rural residential development.Current planning instruments will be examined for their attention to the costs and benefits of rural residential development. A case study will be utilised to determine the effectiveness of local planning instruments in planning for sustainable rural residential development. Logan City is to be examined because of the urban fringe nature of the city, its choice of both rural residential and urban residential development and its increasing population.Planning for sustainable rural residential development could be achieved and maintained with greater emphasis on proactive regional planning, coordinated levels of government and strategic planning approaches. Prime considerations for planning sustainable rural residential development will be outlined.Although the problems associated with rural residential development need to be canvassed, the examination of planning for sustainable rural residential development should be analysed to ascertain firstly, whether the land use can deal with the anticipated population growth in the South East Queensland region and secondly, its associated physical, environmental and socio-economic implications.

Efforts to integrate transportation, land use, and environmental planning have focused predominately on improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gases through the promotion of transit and nonmotorized modes, and on densifying and diversifying urban development to increase the feasibility of such modes. However, consumer choices and built form also impact another, equally important natural resource: water. In this paper, I use legislative analysis, a survey, and in-depth interviews to assess how local planners are engaging in planning for water quality and availability. In the United States, states have the legal authority to allocate and mandate planning for water supply, while water quality is controlled through federal legislation, the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Yet land use choices that affect both water availability and quality are made at the local level. Because city and regional planning offers opportunities to better manage water use and improve water quality efficiently, urban planners are beginning to address the role of water in the urban development process. In this chapter, I examine how state legislation is fostering comprehensive water planning in 26 states. I evaluate the legislation’s relative social-ecological resilience and its enumeration of planning roles in state and substate comprehensive water planning to assess the extent to which the legislation’s mandates and incentives encourage, enable, and/or force local planners to address growing water needs. I also examine watershed level and local level planning efforts to reduce non-point source contamination in surface water bodies and water conservation responsibilities in planning departments in exemplary case study areas. Together, the results reveal the importance of urban planning to achieve better water quality and to influence the allocation of the increasingly scarce water supply.

Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) have been commonly regarded as a useful tool for controlling urban sprawl. There is a need to create models that can establish plausible UGBs for fast growing regions. Previous methods have merely focused on establishing a single UGB scenario over different time intervals, but rarely considered the influences of macro policy (e.g., future urban demand) and spatial policy (e.g., master plan) for regional planning. However, the spatial patterns of urban expansion are significantly affected by regional planning. In this paper, a CA-based method called the future land use simulation (FLUS) is applied to the delineation of UGBs. We argue that the delineation needs to integrate the top-down approach with CA for projecting complex land use changes under designed scenarios. The system dynamics model (SD) and cellular automaton model (CA) were interactively coupled in the FLUS model during the projection period. The top-down SD is used to project scenarios that relate to macro policy and socioeconomic status, and the bottom-up CA accounts for urban growth simulations under the influence of different driving factors and spatial planning policies. A morphological technology based on erosion and dilation is further proposed to generate the UGBs from the FLUS model’s simulated urban forms. The proposed UGB-FLUS model was applied to the establishment of UGBs in the Pearl River Delta region (PRD) from 2020 to 2050. The results demonstrate that the method can support urban planning by generating feasible patterns for UGBs under different planning scenarios.

In Ghana, chieftaincy institutions act as custodians for about 80% of the total land area, and are responsible for leasing or allocating land while official planning institutions determine and manage its use. Yet, the extent to which chieftaincy institutions impede or contribute to sustainable urban land use planning in Ghana has received limited research attention. The scholarship on urban land use planning in Ghana has instead focused largely on rapid urbanisation, limited personnel and logistical capacity of planning institutions, and mainstream political interference. This paper addresses this gap by examining the chieftaincy-land use planning nexus in the Yendi municipality, Ghana. It explores the extent to which chieftaincy institutions limit or support sustainable urban land use planning in the municipality. Household and physical surveys, expert interviews, telephone conversations, and document reviews were used. Findings indicate that while chieftaincy's role as custodian of land is central to land development, it has assumed the role of planning institutions in terms of land use determination and management. Negative perception of planning officials among residents has also overshadowed the visibility of professional planning practice in the municipality, contributing to poor land use planning. Residents continue to use chieftaincy institutions and other traditional approaches rather than formal planning agencies because the former is convenient, more effective, and yields rapid decisions. Further research is needed to explore whether land use planning under chieftaincy institutions leads to positive social and environmental outcomes.

The debate on strategic spatial planning highlights the limitations of statutory land use planning in weighing up future options for spatial development, particularly in instances of rapid change. This paper draws on this debate in order to analyse planning institutions and practices in Finland. The case in point is the south-eastern border region where interdependencies with Russia, particularly shopping tourism, have created pressures on land use and led to contentious planning processes between regional and central levels of government. It is argued that, in the absence of cross-border spatial co-ordination, there is a need to establish links between regional land use planning and visions of spatial scenarios in the national context.