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Land tenure security (LTS) is important for achieving many sustainable development goals but its influence on forest cover is mixed. The uncertain relationship between LTS and forests is driven, in part, by the moderating influence of other drivers of deforestation. In this paper we illustrate this complex relationship between LTS and forest cover for individual private landholders in the Colombian Amazon. We use household surveys and econometric analysis with matching techniques to examine whether formal land titles and perceptions of LTS influence forest cover. We explore how the effect of a land title on forest cover is moderated by perceptions of LTS, time to markets, and participation in a conservation program. We find that more secure land tenure, on average, has a statistically significant and negative influence on forest cover in our sample. The negative association between LTS and forest cover is stronger when landholders perceive they have secure tenure and are closer to markets. However, we find the negative relationship between land title and forest cover goes away when a landholder participates in a conservation program. While our cross-sectional data and quasi-experimental methods cannot lead to causal statements, our results are in line with many recent studies in the Amazon region, and our household-level data provides important insight regarding drivers of deforestation that moderate the relationship between land title and forest cover. Our results inform the design of future LTS interventions and conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Although traditionally the focus of Mycenaean studies has been the elite and the administrative centres referred to as 'palaces', nonetheless academics investigating Mycenaean society have increasingly turned their attention to nonpalatial sectors of society. This article investigates the different levels of society that are recorded within two Linear B land tenure series, specifically the Ep and Ea series. The Ep tablets record the landholdings of the inhabitants of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, a damos that was home to Pylos's most significant sanctuary. A steep hierarchy is demonstrated for its inhabitants by the relative sizes of their landholdings, with prominent religious personnel among those at the top and many 'servants of the deity' at the bottom. The Ea damos, in contrast, differs in the professional titles of the landholders—craftsmen and animal herders are prevalent—and in the relative sizes of the landholdings: the Ea series records plots of land that were more equitably sized and generally larger than those of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne. The Ea series can likely be considered as more representative of Mycenaean damoi than pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, which could indicate that the social structure of typical Mycenaean communities was not steeply hierarchical, and perhaps more egalitarian than may have been thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study of the effects on landownership distribution of the unprecedented explosion of labour militancy in the Italian countryside during the post-Great War crisis, the period known as the «Red Biennium» (1919-1920) and its aftermath up to the March on Rome. During these years land markets became suddenly liquid, generating a sort of «spontaneous land reform». The Italian case thus provides valuable insights into the effects of extreme threats to property on the operation of usually sticky land markets in a developing economy. The conventional wisdom attributes a key role in the process to «Red fear». Exploiting geographical variation in different dimensions of collective action intensity, we revisit the conventional wisdom. The frequency of agricultural strikes is indeed strongly correlated with land sales, but the scale of strike participation over the period is associated with a lower propensity to sale in Central and Northern provinces. Spatial analysis suggests a pattern of land sales compatible with contagion across locations. Thus, an increase in disruptive labour unrest may have induced some landowners to sell, as far as the threat was perceived as an individual one. Where the labour movement was able to increase the scale and scope of the threat, the entire landowning class was concerned. There, Blackshirts rather than land sales were the response to Red fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the north of the captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, from the 18th to the 19th centuries, to examine the occupation and disputes involving land ownership and the expansion of the frontiers. To this end, we focused on the lands of the extinct Aldeamento de Santo Antônio de Guarulhos, located in Campos dos Goytacazes, between the years 1785-1802. The proposal has as its guiding thread three requests for sesmarias in the lands formerly occupied by the old settlement, which receive different routes, and reveal different interests in the areas in which groups of landowners were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indonesia, an archipelagic nation with a tropical climate, fertile soil, and abundant natural resources, primarily supports its population through agriculture. Most people make their living as farmers, heavily reliant on the land. Because of its importance, there is a constant effort to own and control land. Land represents the earth's surface and is often defined by property boundaries. Its significance necessitates state regulations for land rights control. This study uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, collecting data through library research, observations, and interviews, followed by qualitative analysis. The findings reveal that land grabbing occurs mainly due to the absence of a Certificate of Ownership (SHM), with transactions based solely on a sale and purchase certificate lacking a receipt. Factors contributing to land grabbing include landowners' lack of awareness about their assets, victims' unawareness of land ownership, family members selling or giving away land without the victims' knowledge, and rising land prices driving people to seek land for farming. In case number 1/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mgl, the judge accepted the Plaintiff's lawsuit against the Defendant for unlawful acts. The trial demonstrated that the Defendant could not prove his claim of purchasing land from Helmi Majid. The Defendant failed to provide documentary evidence, and witness statements did not support his argument. After careful examination of the actions, events, evidence, and legal facts, the Panel of Judges found the Defendant had clearly violated Article 1365 of the Civil Code regarding Unlawful Acts. Consequently, the Panel of Judges rejected all of the Defendant's objections and granted part of the Plaintiff's claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land dispossession within the emerging neo-customary land tenure system is not a novel phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the landholding systems across SSA are as diverse as the societies themselves. In Ghana, research on peri-urban land dispossession primarily focuses on centralized areas and indigene landholders, neglecting acephalous and non-indigene smallholders. This gap in knowledge hinders our understanding of how neo-customary land tenure affects land access for non-indigenous smallholder farmers. This paper examines how non-indigene smallholders navigate neo-customary land tenure in peri-urban Wa, Ghana. The study employed a qualitative research design, conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 56 participants. The findings reveal that large-scale appropriation, covert land sales, and speculation are the primary drivers of land dispossession. The previously unconditional access to land for non-indigene smallholders, based on perpetual usufructuary interest, has also become temporary and conditional on their acceptance of roles as caretaker farmers or sharecroppers. The resulting dispossession and its consequences, such as inadequate subsistence food production, have led to socially undesirable outcomes. The study recommends that the Municipal Assembly and civil society organizations utilize Ghana's Land Act (Act 1036) to advocate for and safeguard the usufructuary interest of non-indigene individuals in land tenure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting conservation on rented farmland is a challenge for stakeholders working with non-operating landowners (NOLs) and tenant farmers (operators). We conducted an online survey to identify stakeholders who engage with NOLs, and understand how their positioning as 'intermediaries' could be leveraged to help bridge the NOL-operator communication gap. A majority of identified stakeholders/intermediaries worked in government agencies, university extension, law firms, or farm management companies. Intermediaries believed that NOLs trusted them for several conservation activities, however, they believed that NOLs were more influenced by operators than by intermediaries. The message that engaging in conservation can help preserve the farm for future generation was perceived to be influential in motivating NOLs. Our findings suggest the need for a holistic approach to engage NOLs by accounting for trust in and influence of intermediaries and operators, and the salience of conservation messages and messaging when promoting conservation behaviors on rented farmlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multifunctional rural regions, strong commercial incentives exist for agricultural landholders to convert their land from farming to residential, lifestyle, and tourist land uses. In Australia, those regions mainly comprise coastal, peri‐urban, and high‐amenity rural areas. The pace and pattern of land‐use conversion in these regions is shaped by the interaction of landholders with land‐use planning regulations, notably minimum lot size (MLS) controls. This paper examines that interface in a deep dive into the role of land‐use planning controls in shaping the future of farming in an area of rapid rural change, the Ballina‐Lismore region in northern New South Wales. We argue that although planning controls in the region are designed to protect land for agriculture by curbing pressures for suburbanisation, they have also inadvertently contributed to the proliferation of unplanned rural living. This proliferation has occurred because MLS controls have incentivised agricultural landholders to sidestep restrictions on subdivision by exploiting concessions and flexibility in some of the controls and have forced some nonagricultural buyers of rural land to acquire bigger holdings than they may have otherwise desired, hence "sterilising" these agricultural‐zoned landholdings from farming. We conclude that to better protect agriculture in multifunctional rural regions, land‐use planning needs to look beyond deterrence mechanisms, such as MLS restrictions, and towards planning incentives to promote farming on agricultural‐zoned land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine, assess, and analyze the legal status of the Land Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) compared to the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate, to investigate and analyze the role of a notary in land registration implementation and reconstruction, and to identify and analyze the latest provisions regarding land ownership rights. This research utilizes a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analytical research method. The data used in this research are the disputed land cases located in Kampung Bojong Menteng, Rawalumbu District, Bekasi City, referring to the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate based on Decision No. 571/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Bks jo Decision No. 591/PDT/2022/PT.BDG. Based on the analysis, it is discovered that Decision No. 591/PDT/2022/PT.BDG, issued on November 10, 2022, has invalidated Decision No. 571/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Bks, issued on August 8, 2022, by the Bekasi District Court. Several differences were identified, including: (1) differences regarding the disputed object; (2) differences regarding the parties involved in the dispute; and (3) differences regarding the principle of nebis in idem. These differences prove the existence of unlawful acts committed by PT. Bangun Tjipta Pratama as the owner of the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate, with unclear ownership rights over the land owned by Rekson Sitorus, and the unlawful act conducted by the Bekasi National Land Agency, which issued SHGB No. 7 as the rightful owner of the land in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While increased access to household assets has been shown to improve older individuals' autonomy and bargaining power at home, the role of gender hierarchy in shaping differential impacts of household assets has received far less attention. This article explores the gender asymmetry in the association of older people's (age 60 years or more) decision-making power at home and survival probability with their ownership of and managerial control over agricultural land in rural India. Using data from the India Human Development Survey, results find that in multi-generational households, landownership at the household level is associated with higher decision-making power and survival probability for older men but not for older women. Among older women, the relationship between household landownership and decision-making power is positive when they have clearly established titles to the land or managerial control but negative when their names are not on the land title. HIGHLIGHTS Landownership is an important source of old age security in India. Agricultural land in India is typically controlled by the patriarch; women rarely own or control household land. The generational power conferred on older men with landownership does not apply to older women to the same degree. It is crucial to register household land under women's names and recognize women as actual landowners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper serves as a continuation of a study on the interconnections between the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) and the Catholic Church, beginning with a critical analysis of Liberation Theology and its hermeneutical challenges. This second part employs narrative analysis and historical-scientific analysis to demonstrate that, by repeatedly presenting characters who are wealthy landowners and/or homeowners, Luke is advancing a theological proposition and an ethical one. The theological proposition is that God is the rightful owner of all land (as an economic good). The ethical thesis is that, since God is the land's quintessential owner, any human being who possesses real estate must use it altruistically as opposed to selfish practices. Therefore, this study not only advances the dialogue between theology and social practice, but also offers invaluable insights for ecclesiastical reflection on land ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using 589 responses to the 2019 Iowa Farm Transfer Survey, we examine factors in farm successor choices among Iowa farmers with a focus on female successors and landowners. Among those with identified successors, 57% chose sons and 8% chose daughters. We find a 12.4% probability a female farmer will choose a daughter, but only 5.9% for a male farmer. Agriculture experience increases the probability of choosing a daughter from 5.4% to 20.7% and from 36.3% to 65.2% for a son. Our paper reveals striking evidence of gender imbalance in farm succession, transfer, and inheritance decisions of US farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On May 1, 2021, Act No. 151/2021 Coll., amending Act No. 504/2003 Coll. on the lease of agricultural land, agricultural business and forest land and on the amendment of certain laws as amended by later regulations, which amend Act of the Slovak National Council No. 330/1991 Coll. on land adjustments, arrangement of land ownership, land offices, land fund and on land communities as amended (hereinafter referred to as "Amendment No. 151/2021 Coll.") entered into force. Amendment No. 151/2021 Coll. fundamentally changes the rules and obligations of the municipality as the owner of agricultural land when leasing agricultural land to other persons. The paper clearly explains the most important institutes related to the lease of agricultural land by the municipality and points out the new legal regime of the lease of municipal agricultural land effective from 1 May 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relevance of ground-rent and landed property for the economic and political forms of capital accumulation in Argentina. This specific focus on capitalist development in Argentina is more broadly framed as a theoretical intervention within recent debates on Agrarian Marxism, which addresses the major issues under controversy through the lenses of an original methodologically-minded approach to the Marxian critique of political economy. Empirical quantitative evidence for the theoretical discussion is offered through the presentation of an estimate of ground-rent and its appropriation by landowners between 1993 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs are a common policy tool to conserve forests. Effective PES programs attain conservation and social equity outcomes by actively engaging diverse landowners in long‐term land stewardship and meeting landowners' needs. In 2017–2018, we conducted 32 in‐depth interviews with landowners, technicians, and government officials to attain insights into how the PES program in Salta province, Argentina, has performed in terms of (1) motivating landowners to enroll in PES, and (2) ensuring their satisfaction with the design and performance of the program, a necessary precondition to ensure long‐term forest stewardship. Interviewees suggested that landowners enroll in PES because they are restricted from engaging in more profitable land uses, they are not reliant on income from their land, they need PES payments to cover their land management costs, they are unable or unwilling to sell their land because their property values have been adversely impacted by land‐use restrictions, they want to sustainably manage forested land, and/or they want to protect their property rights. Interviewees stated that land title requirements, conflicts over user rights, and high transaction costs hinder PES enrollment and exacerbate social conflicts between landowners and indigenous communities. Finally, interviewees questioned the conservation effectiveness of the PES program, owing to the program design and inadequate funding. Our findings suggest that engaging technicians, landowners, and indigenous communities in discussions on how the structure of the PES program could be improved might allow for shared learning, improved institutional trust, and the design of more flexible contracts that would facilitate sustained conservation and improved social equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the stages through which Romanian agriculture and the land of ownership had passed, namely the evolution of the Agricultural Land Fund, the dynamics of land use by categories of use, starting with the post-communist period, during which the agricultural land division was a notable process for this period for Romania, as for all former communist countries. The research showed that the degree of land fragmentation is high in our country, the greatest division being found in the category of areas below 0.5 ha, with 1.06 million owners (farms with or without legal entity, natural persons, individuals, companies etc.), summing up an area under exploitation of 261.92 thousand ha. On average, a number of 500.68 thousand owners work small areas of land in the size category of 0.5 - 1 ha, 1 - 2 ha and 2 - 5 ha. To examine this situation, there were used and processed a wide range of socio-economic statistical data (land use mode, agricultural land structure and utilised agricultural area by size classes), provided by different official databases. Although Romania is located in a geographical area with high quality of land and a favorable climate for agriculture, our country is still struggling to recover the competitiveness gap compared to countries with a similar communist period from Europe, considering the fact that the large number of land owners (approximately 2.84 million), do not support the stimulation of competitiveness in agriculture, land fragmentation being manifestly pronounced and obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the critical issue of land ownership in society, given the increasing conversion of undeveloped land into developed property. The indicators include land certificates, regulations on land ownership rights and use, regulations on land use, the presence of land brokers, and the existence of a task force for eradicating the land mafia. The main findings show that the type of land certificate, regulations on land use, and regulations on the use and rights of land ownership are currently performing well, while the task force for eradicating the land mafia had the lowest level of urgency, indicating a possible overkill. The study also highlights the need for serious consideration when eliminating brokers, as it can lead to the rise of brokers/land mafia. Additionally, the study indicates that the community’s readiness to seek legal aid for land disputes is directly proportional to the quality of law enforcement performance. Effective regulation and law enforcement are crucial in resolving land disputes to ensure the equitable distribution of land resources. The paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on land ownership and disputes and provides valuable insights for policymakers, landowners, and communities to develop effective strategies for resolving land disputes of land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using millions of observations compiled from the public administrative data of Taiwan, we find a surprising gender inequity in terms of real estate: Men own more land than women, and the annual rate of return (ROR) of men's land outperform women's by almost 1% per year. The latter finding of gender-based ROR difference is in sharp contrast to prior evidence that women outperform men in security investment, and also suggests a quantity-and-quality double jeopardy in female land ownership which, given the heavy weight of real estate in individual wealth, has important implications for wealth inequality among men and women. Our statistical analyses suggest that such a gender-based difference in land ROR cannot be attributed to individual-level factors such as liquidity preferences, risk attitudes, investment experience, and behavioral biases, as described in the literature. Rather, we hypothesize parental gender bias--a phenomenon that is still prevalent today--to be the key macrolevel factor. To test our hypothesis, we partition our observations into two groups: an experimental group in which parents can exercise gender discretion, and a control group in which parents cannot exercise such discretion. Our empirical evidence shows that the gender difference with respect to land ROR only exists in the experimental group. For many societies with long-lasting patriarchal traditions, our analysis provides a perspective to help explain gender differences in wealth distribution and social mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the trajectory of changes in land ownership and land use and of the differences observed since the mid-1990s in the average amount of annual disposable income (and of wealth) within and between farming and non-farming landowning households in Turkey. The study makes use of the data sets of the Household Budget Surveys conducted by the Turkish Institute of Statistics (TUIK) in 1994, 2002, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2017. The data sets have been analysed in connection with four main themes: (i) the patterns of structural change in landownership and land use, (ii) the patterns of structural change in the locations of farming and non-farming landowners in the occupational and social class orders, (iii) the patterns of changes and the persistence of differences in the average amounts of annual disposable incomes and wealth within and between the social classes of farming and non-farming landowners and (iv) the effect of family type on the differences of income and wealth. The results indicate that Turkish agrarian structures have undergone significant structural changes in the last quarter of a century, and there are persisting and significant differences of income (and of wealth) at the national level as well as among farming and non-farming landowning households. However, the same kind of differences do not hold true for differences in the average amount of farm land owned. On the contrary, these differences have strong associations with family type among farming as well as non-farming households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land tenure security continues to pose a significant challenge to the sustainability of urban community gardens in global South cities. However, a few studies have explored the mechanisms that urban gardeners employ to facilitate land access and variations in land tenure security arrangements made with land owners in South African cities. This paper employs a mixed-methods research approach involving quantitative and qualitative techniques to examine how urban community gardens access land and land tenure security arrangements thereof. The study is based on questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observations from 34 urban community food gardens in Cape Town selected through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling methods across selected low-income urban neighbourhoods. The findings reveal that although formalised land tenure security poses a sustainability threat to community gardens, perceived and de facto tenure present equally crucial forms of tenure which could be supported by state actors to promote urban agriculture. Reflecting on past efforts to formalise land tenure security, the article concludes that these efforts have failed due to poor coordination among government departments, and the complex and unclear processes of acquiring land. The paper recommends that while formalising land tenure arrangements may prove to be an effective solution, supporting institutions need to adopt a bottom-up approach to understand the gardener's needs and build on perceived and de facto land tenure security options to promote the sustainability of community gardening projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land ownership has long been argued to enhance farm productivity by improving tenure security. But would this hold for female and male owners alike? The relationship between land ownership and productivity has been investigated relatively little from a gender perspective in most regions, with work on Asia being especially sparse. Even less explored are gender differences in the likelihood of landowners self-cultivating as vs. leasing out their land. This paper uses a unique household-level dataset for nine states of India to first assess gender differences in the likelihood of landowners self-cultivating or renting out their land. It then analyses differences in farm productivity between female and male owners who self-cultivate. The effect of caste disadvantage is also explored. We find that women owners are significantly less likely than male owners to self-cultivate their land. This is linked especially to family labour constraints and regional opportunities. However, among those who do self-cultivate, the annual farm productivity per hectare does not differ significantly by the gender of the owner-cultivator. This holds true with or without controlling for other factors. Caste matters, however: Scheduled Caste owner-cultivators of both genders have significantly lower productivity than upper-caste ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 2000s, Ethiopia has been implementing one of the largest land certification and digitalization programs in Africa, underpinned by technological and policy innovations. The reform indicates a promising avenue for increasing the collateralization of land use rights for smallholder households who have been credit constrained. However, there is scant evidence to what extent these reforms have influenced access to credit. To help generate new insights and fill this gap, the study employed administrative data generated from 11 districts' digital land registers, survey data from 2296 households in 19 districts, key informant interviews, and policy and legal framework review. Descriptive and inferential statistics complemented by qualitative explanations are employed to analyze the results of the study. The results revealed that accessibility of information from the digital rural land registers increased the credit-worthiness of small landholders and reduced transaction costs and risks. The reform related to collateralization of land use rights also incentivizes financial institutions to establish new loan products for small landholders. The study concludes that while the two-stage land certification programs allow smallholders to possess documented land rights, their credit-worthiness may likely remain negligible without further technological and policy innovations. This implies two policy issues: the need to reform secured transaction laws and digitalizing registries for higher land rights trade ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using court records of legal disputes over transfers of land, this article explores the way transfers of landed property have impacted social relationships and the governance of land rights in Ghana in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. As urbanization, commercial agriculture, and natural resource extraction pushed up the value of land, disputes over land ownership have multiplied. In adjudicating such disputes, courts are often confronted with claims based on unverifiable oral histories invoking events of the distant past. Rather than simply dismiss such forms of evidence as hearsay, judges have often supplemented them with documentary and/or oral evidence on recent histories of land use. By doing so, they have tended to sustain customary forms of ownership, effectively recognizing the authority of landholding collectivities such as families and stools alongside that of individual owners. In effect, they are inferring ownership from land use, inverting the standard economic argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do settlers organize their discursive relationship with the lands they settle, in order to claim, conceptually and materially, the position of owner and occupant? What must they do to transform themselves, in their eyes and in the eyes of others, from parasite to host? And in what ways have these practices been contested? This article addresses these questions in the historical context of early American settler colonialism and demonstrates the relational structure that colonial legitimation requires, including how this structure is mediated by subjects not strictly part of that relation. Through readings of John Marshall, Mary Rowlandson, James Printer, and Martin R. Delany, this article brings together the fields of media philosophy and settler colonial studies to theorize the "parasitical trick" as a fundamental and flexible technique of settler colonialism that removes Indigenous people from relationality by, paradoxically, making them central to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's equal access to and control over economic resources such as land are integral to achieve gender equality and sustainable economic development. This study evaluates the impacts of women's land ownership on various women's and household's outcomes in the context of Vietnam. We discuss the beneficial effects of allowing women to own more land on both women and their families. In particular, there is a positive association between women's land ownership and intra‐household bargaining power in various aspects. In particular, the relationship is the strongest for women's autonomy in decisions regarding their children. It is also easier for land‐holding women to formally access credit and invest in human capital. We further study the favorable effects of women's land ownership on their families in terms of spending and saving behaviors. Finally, women's land ownership also contributes to household social capital. These findings lend support to the passage and implementation of laws intended to grant women equal rights to the ownership and control over land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large landownership was one of the main market players in the interwar period. It was a specific enterprise, legally and economically separated. It had its own organisational structure, human, financial and material resources. It carried out production and commercial activities with the aim of making a profit. The number of landowners in Kielce Voivodeship was estimated at 711, and together with their family members they made up a collective five times that number. The landowners were entrepreneurs, who coped with the economic reality with more or less success. The list of landowners was headed by owners of large estates – the Myszkowski, Drucki-Lubecki, Wielopolski, Łubieński, Czartoryski, Radziwiłł, Potocki, Tarnowski and Zamoyski families. However, farms consisting of a single manor, with an area of 180–300 ha, predominated. Apart from a small group of farm owners who wasted their fortune, the landowners were attached to the land and wanted to keep it in good economic condition. Owning a farm entailed responsibility for it. It obliged the owner to manage it properly and not leave it to its fate. My aim is to characterise the activities of landowners as entrepreneurs aiming to improve the economic condition of their property. I have in mind modernisation, which manifested itself in modern technical procedures, mechanisation, selective crop-animal production and the industrialisation of landed estates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land registration is a process of keeping track of landowners of existing land. Registration of land helps maintain proof of ownership and prevents illegal land possession. Land‐related conflicts are common in developing countries like India due to inconsistent data and transparency. The land ownership transfers also take a longer time than expected. This article presents a land registry system using blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technology to overcome the mentioned problems. The land records will be immutable using blockchain, and nobody will forge them illegally. The system will be more transparent as all the users in the blockchain network can view the land and the owner's details before getting into ownership transfer. For maintaining the integrity of land and owner details, it will get stored in IPFS. The land transaction will be carried out via a smart contract. The smart contract checks whether all the entities agree with the transaction, and the money will get transferred within the described time limit. This proposed system will strengthen the land administration process by providing immutable and transparent land records. It will also speed up the registration process by a significant amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the political discussion around the Brazilian ideal of immigration in the period from 1850 to 1889. The primary sources used are the annals of the Brazilian congress, official reports and contemporaneous records. The objective of this analysis is to capture the classic conceptions of Brazilian immigration policy in the nineteenth century. In this sense, it presents the thought of the Brazilian government, especially represented by the political and intellectual elite close to D. Pedro II, and the ideal of the aristocracy of the landowners, particularly the great coffee planters. This article shows that, despite the political influence of this landowning class, the Brazilian imperial government sought to dissociate European immigration to Brazil from the immediate interests of the Brazilian land aristocracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background: The essential emerging reality from the statutory-versus-customary tenure debate is that both customary and statutory tenure systems have faults and good merits. With the unaffordability (in terms of technical, time and money cost) issues surrounding the statutory tenure for tenure security; and the population pressure, there is a need to reconsider the direct integration of relevant aspects of the customary tenure systems into the statutory land administration system (LAS) as part of the efforts towards a more realistic solution to the challenge of tenure insecurity in the continent. Goal and Objectives: This paper engages the debate on the potential of customary tenure (as a crucial aspect of customary land administration) system to spur the success of the statutory tenure (as a critical component of conventional land administration) system towards achieving realistic governance of land resources in Africa. Methodology: This article was presented at the Conference on Land Policy in Africa in 2021 (Kigali, Rwanda) to obtain stakeholder input. The applied methods include the use of an integrative literature review to identify aspects of customary land administration that have linkages to conventional land administration, an expert interview to verify aspects of customary land administration incorporable with conventional land administration and Mann-Whitney for statistical analysis to rate interviewees' views on the relevance customary tenure to the four functions of conventional land administration. Results: The overall results hinged on identifying three critical aspects of customary land administration that directly add value to conventional land administration. These include (1) customary land administration contributions to land tenure and value functions of LAS through community land conflict management; (2) Customary land administration promotion of land tenure, value and use functions of LAS through collective titling; and (3), customary land administration promotion of land tenure and use of those functions through customary land allocation. Conclusions were drawn in support of the identified roles of those aspects to the development of effective LAS responsive to landowners' and users' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, land tenure theory tends to present the relationships between agricultural landowners and their renter as either a dominant renter-subordinate landlord relationship where the renter holds the power in decision-making on the land, or a dominant landlord-subordinate renter relationship where the landlord maintains the power over decisions on the land. However, these relationships are much more complex and nuanced, as more recent studies have begun to emphasize. In our study, we contribute to this evolving re-orientation in land tenure theory by showing the varying ways women landowners manage their renter relationship. Using qualitative interview data from 56 women agricultural landowners in the Midwestern U.S., we add detail to the nuances that exist in the landowner-renter relationship, helping to re-orient land tenure theory by increasing the understanding of the power dynamics at play within the patriarchal structure of U.S. agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of several unpublished registers, the article examines the real practice of official Voynuk land ownership. The historical-legal analysis is applied in the research work. According to law, Voynuk farms were exempt from land taxes, but were part of the state land fund. However, the Voynuk baştina differed from the Rayet çiftlik and baştina not only in that it also included vineyards, gardens and even houses, but the sizes of the fields were often smaller than the legal norms for a pair of arable land. This can be explained by the fact that these areas were sufficient for the sustenance of a Voynuk household, since the considered category of population was exempt from land taxes and jizyah. However, as early as the 16th century, a property differentiation was gradually created between the Voynuks and a thin layer of wealthy owners of service lands stood out. They expanded their arable lands both by unregulated means, entering in the timar land, and through perhaps perfectly legal transactions for the transfer of shares of arable land between the Voynuks themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Swedish Municipality Act, issued in 1862, consolidated a plutocratic system in which ownership and income, and the resulting level of taxation, translated into political power. However, as a measure to hinder large landowners from holding a majority of the votes, the Act guaranteed voting rights for tenants. The aim of this article is to analyse how power relations played out after this challenge to landlords' hegemony. Through an analysis of tenants' contracts, appeals to the King in Council and minutes from municipal board meetings, we show how landlords did not trust a political culture of deference to secure power, even if they had demanded subservience in contracts. In a deliberate and specific way, they also reserved voting rights for themselves, which we find to have been a widespread pattern, although it was repeatedly pointed out as unlawful by the King in Council. However, through the analysis of the board meetings, it becomes clear that the position of manorial landlords in these municipalities was so obvious that they rarely had to confront their tenants with their illegitimate contractual restrictions. The results empirically challenge a narrative of slow but steady democratisation and theoretically challenge the alleged reciprocity of landlord–tenant relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How did the emerging market for land in the 19th century influence land distribution in East Prussia? And how did land markets respond to the emergence of financial institutions that relied on land as collateral but also affected the ease and speed of land transfer? Focusing on the example of a specific financial institution – the East Prussian Landschaft – this paper empirically tests the hypothesis that the Landschaft credit institutes, through their provision of privileged credit, enabled noble estates to expand their landholdings. It also tests whether the existence of Landschaft-credit helped noble estates to remain in the hands of nobles and halted estate sales to the emerging bourgeoisie. The analysis combines several datasets on East Prussian landed estates in 1796, 1834 and 1882 and matches these with borrowing records of the East Prussian Landschaft from 1823 and 1829. The study finds that access to Landschaft-credit correlates positively with estate size over the 19th century, suggesting that the Landschaft credit institutes did play a role in ownership concentration. The results regarding the transfer of estates from the nobility to the bourgeoisie show a weaker link between Landschaft-credit and ownership status of estate holders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probing the manner in which Kazakhs attained noble status in the Russian empire, this article explores a neglected aspect of the country's social history. Recognizing that nobility is typically associated with landowning in a feudal order, we explore how this status also found application in the steppe. Based on diverse sources and comparison with other ethnic elites, we regard Kazakh ennoblement not only as a way of recognizing a traditional nomadic aristocracy, but also as a method of creating a new native elite beneficial to Russia's colonial project. We likewise propose that the distinctive character of nomads' pastoral lifeways differentiated the Kazakh nobility from their Russian counterparts and prevented them from making full use of noble privileges. The article thus explores the nature of Russia's social order by interrogating its margins and contemplates both the possibilities and limits of social inclusion for Russia's ethnically and culturally diverse population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background Zambia has grappled with implementing the land titling from 2017 when it started the piloting of the National Land Titling Programme through the seventh National Development Plan (2017- 2021). The implementation started in 2017 with a small pilot project conducted in Lusaka City in areas called Madido and Kamwala. In 2018, the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources (MLNR) signed an MoU with Medici Land Governance (MLG) to conduct another larger pilot to collect landownership information for 50,000 land parcels in Lusaka City using modern technology, such as use of drone imagery and artificial intelligence for identification of property boundaries, use of tablets and apps to collect ownership information from landowner, automation of production of survey diagrams and general plans of areas. Goal and Objectives: The objective of this paper is to address the issues around the use of private financing to secure tenure rights in urban areas and the issues around cultural beliefs among some communities in Lusaka, and the problems around customary land boundaries and expansions of towns affecting the cultural settings in the fringes of urban areas. Methodology: The MLNR, in partnership Medici Land Governance is working towards enabling the systematic titling of former farms or converted/replanned areas in order to update the existing cadastre and land information system. These are large farms in urban areas that have been replanned and even developed but landowners were still waiting for titles or former government or parastatal land that were sold. This paper reports on the progress made thus far, the challenges and opportunities to carry out a successful systematic land titling programme. The paper also tackles issues around challenges with traditional land boundaries versus state land. The paper recommends the need to carry out comprehensive reforms around the whole land administration system. This includes developing a unified land registry with devolved authority to local authorities, improving the land administration system with linked and integrated key registers such as the National Registration Information System being developed, the Registration of Companies and Societies, and linking to more electronic payment platforms. The paper concludes that private sector participation in the land sector needs support using results-based approaches of financing by multilateral partners as envisaged in the Global Partnership for Results-Based Approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best evidence on whether institutional investors are manipulating the market is the ACCC's water markets report. "Water policy is hard", Malcolm Turnbull told Scott Hamilton and Stuart Kells when they were researching I Sold Down the River i . [Extracted from the article]

Land ownership is determined by the land title possessed by an individual and protects the rights of the owner. Due to the rampant growth in population and scarcity of land, mutation, unclear land titles, and prices are soaring and have led to benami transactions. Land documentation is not an easy task in India where different methods and departments are involved with a lack of efforts at bringing commonality into the system of land records. Therefore, to bring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in dealing with the cases of land disputes and associated litigation, there is an immediate need for compilation, maintenance, and updation of the land records to instill a sense of security among landowners. Therefore, the central theme of the article revolves around the hindrances and issues in an entire process, flaws in land records, poor updation of data, online mutation, and automatic flow of information. The adequacy of the updated land information can answer to disputes in boundary, unauthorized construction, permission related to land use, fraud registration of the property, and incomplete mutation and could lower the cost of transactions. The other multidimensions which are focused while understanding the land records in a tribal regime are tenure rights, disputes in common areas, customary rights, and acquisition of land by other communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing landholding histories of sixty‐one women farming land in Puddletown, Dorset, across the eighteenth century, this article shows, first, that the scale of women's ownership and occupation of land declined over time and, second, that women were less likely to expand and more likely to retire or scale back their farming enterprises than men. These differences are accounted for by age because most women landholders were widows and, therefore, generally older than their male counterparts. Like young men, younger widows expanded their farming enterprises, while women widowed later in life were more likely to scale back their holdings, as were elderly men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]