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Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intense ideological and political standoffs persist over land and agrarian reform in former settler countries where land access, ownership, and utilisation wield enormous socio-economic and political implications. Focusing on South Africa (SA) and Zimbabwe, this article contributes to the ongoing debate on land reform. Drawing on qualitative secondary literature review and abstraction, this article identifies land reform policy evolution in SA and Zimbabwe and explores the implications of land reform policy on socio-economic and political development. The article shows that since colonial times, asymmetrical land access, ownership, utilisation, and widespread land expropriation by settlers have been the major source of political instability, landlessness, rural poverty, high population densities, and poor land management in SA and Zimbabwe. The article argues for the need for theoretically and conceptually mature land reform debates located within the broad framework of trajectories of transformation, not only economic but also structural.

This paper analyzes agrarian reform from the perspective of justice in realizing people's welfare. The aim of agrarian reform is to organize land management, both in terms of asset management and access for the benefit of the people, so that an interesting legal issue to study in depth is equitable land management. It is necessary to understand that the no. of inequality in land control and ownership creates disparities which are correlated with imbalance. Agrarian reform based on asset management and access is expected to be able to answer the problem of inequality, especially in the object of agrarian reform. This research was conducted using a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Agrarian reform can be interpreted as the government's efforts to organize assets and community access related to land, which so far has been felt to have a lot of inequality in control and ownership. This arrangement is very important to provide certainty and access to manage assets so that they can provide equitable welfare. Fair land management is part of the state's constitutional mandate regarding the utilization of agrarian resources for a country's economy which is structured and aimed at the maximum prosperity of the people. As a benchmark for the success of implementing agrarian reform is the creation of legal certainty regarding land ownership as capital for the welfare of the people with justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Artisanal manufacture of cassava flour in Brazil has a cultural and biological framework developed over generations of traditional rural workers. We conducted a broad study of flour production in the Extreme South of Bahia in 2019 across 30 rural settlements in 11 municipalities, where we evaluated 107 flour producers. Our results present the socioeconomic profiles of local farmers, cassava varieties, types of flour, particularities of production, and characteristics of commercialization. We highlight the multiple functions of artisanal production of cassava flour, especially as related to social and economic maintenance of households, the promotion of food security, and sovereignty within and around the communities, and the conservation of agrobiodiversity in the rural landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agrarian reform is recognized globally as a solution for reducing land ownership inequality. Many countries, including Indonesia, are still working to enhance its implementation. This study examines global agrarian reform research trends over the past decade, focusing on Southeast Asian (SEA) nations, particularly Indonesia. The methodology involved conducting a bibliometric analysis using RStudio and adhering to the PRISMA framework. The result of our analysis, which included 248 articles, reveals a trend of increasing interest in agrarian reform. Among the 20 selected articles, we observe that agrarian reform success in Europe, especially in Scandinavia, correlates with democratization. Conversely, Latin America contends with personal agenda challenges, while Africa faces issues of inclusivity and gender. SEA nations employ diverse approaches: Vietnam boosts productivity with private farming, Thailand enhances revenue through agrotourism, but Timor-Leste and the Philippines face managerial and credit access hurdles. Indonesia integrates asset and access management, yet access issues persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the socioeconomic landscape of Ukraine at the turn of the 19th- 20th centuries, particularly focusing on the role of rumors in the peasant informational environment and their impact on societal sentiments and behaviors. Methods: The research utilizes a combination of historical analysis and communication theory, examining archival sources, existing literature, and the dynamics of rumor propagation within the peasant communities. It also incorporates mathematical models of rumor spread and interdisciplinary insights from psychology, sociology, and demography to understand the phenomenon comprehensively. Key Findings: Role of Rumors: Rumors emerged as a critical tool for understanding societal moods and political processes. They reflected real fears, hopes, and expectations and influenced public behavior and event development. Nature and Spread of Rumors: Rumors, characterized by anonymity and distortion, spread rapidly, especially in times of crisis, and often represented the only accessible form of information for the largely illiterate peasantry. Impact of Land Reforms: Economic uncertainty and legal changes, particularly related to land reforms such as the abolition of serfdom and Stolypin’s reforms, were central to the rumors. These rumors often depicted reforms as deceitful, exacerbating tensions and fears among the peasantry. Socio-Political Consequences: The lack of reliable information sources and increasing censorship fostered a reliance on informal communication channels. This environment allowed for manipulation by various forces, including political groups and foreign agents, especially during World War I. Conclusions: Rumors played a vital role in the peasant informational environment, driving both consolidation and destabilization. The absence of trustworthy information and the prevalence of censorship created fertile ground for rumor propagation, significantly impacting the socio-political landscape. The study highlights the need for further research into the dynamics of informal communication and its effects on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the most essential human need, territory is crucial for the survival of humanity. The increase in population and demand for land, as a result of urbanization, can no longer satisfy human requirements. The research method in this study is a normative legal research method. The approach method uses a statute approach, a comparative approach, and an analytical approach. The green certification serves as evidence for the legality of a building, fulfilling the criteria for a green building, as well as supports the green movement, which contributes to a positive public image. In the future, unregistered land could receive electronic certificates for the first time through land registration. As a guarantee of ownership of land rights, the legislation provides holders of electronic certificates with legal protection. The electronic information and transaction law (IET Law) accepts electronic land certificates as proof of electronic tenure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Constitucional is the property of Revista Historia Constitucional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of legalizing properties and constructions without permission is currently under debate in Kosovo's field of property rights. Efforts to establish an appropriate legal framework have led to the enactment of laws and by-laws aimed at addressing illegal construction. Constructions on "social" properties without permission, informal acquisition, failure of ownership transfer, and unresolved matters related to properties confiscated under the 1933 agrarian reform have not yet been dealt with, except for their inclusion on the waiting list, which denies legal certainty. The study finds that the main cause of the issues evident in the property legalization process and the exercise of development rights on these properties is Yugoslavia's agrarian reform of 1933. The research concludes that legalizing properties requires a normative approach and utilizing similar experiences from other Western Balkan contexts. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze, using analytical, legaldogmatic, chronological, and qualitative methods, the policies for property legalization and thus recognizing citizen property rights. The research is of great importance for decision-making institutions because it can be used as an impetus for finding the right approach, aside from the normative one, to address the issue of property legalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie VI, Geografía is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tiempo y Economía is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1900's autumn, a surprisingly positive review of one of the most important Israeli socio-economic innovations appeared in the Hungarian- language Economic Review [Közgazdasági Szemle). The author, József Gábor, reviewed a book by Walter Preuss, a professor at Tel-Aviv University, on kibbutzim and other cooperatives. This caused a serious reaction, the Hungarian-language New East (U) Kelet) in Israel recognized its importance and described it in its columns, while at the same time a member of the Israeli "partner patty" of the MSZMP, the Israeli Communist Party, of Hungarian origin, wrote a long critique of Gábor's article, disputing the democratic and anti-capitalist significance of the kibbutz, as highlighted by the author. The critique and the claims made in Gåbor's article are in fact linked to the debate that took place in both countries (although with different emphases, because of the different socio-political realities) on the nature of collectives. The extent to which they should follow the cooperative model developed by the Soviets and the extent to which they should adapt to their own social reality. It was no coincidence that the new economic mechanism in Hungary had aroused sympathy in Israel and that there was interest in the kibbutz model among Hungarian agrarian reformers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, land tenure reform has been approached as a policy priority by the government to address rural poverty and achieve distributive economic equity. It is instituted around allocation and consolidation of land ownership and access. Tenure reform policy promises over 21.7 million hectares (including 16.8 million hectares of forestland) to be distributed through two modes, i.e., land subject to agrarian reform and social forestry. Specifically for Java, the country's most populated island, the government has recently allocated 1.1 million hectares of state forests to be entrusted to local communities in a scheme called Kawasan Hutan Dengan Pengelolaan Khusus/KHDPK (Forest Zones for Special Management Purposes). Approximately three-quarters of the KHDPK-reserved forestland is pledged for SF licensing/permits to be completed by 2024. Currently, there is heightened activity to hand over social forestry permits. However, the KHDPK-designated forest is not an unoccupied resource that can simply be transferred/granted to local communities. From only four sites, we discovered that the forests have been guided by contrasting (often conflicting) principles, norms, and values that have shaped the existing tenure arrangements, how it is used and managed, and by whom. Such issues must be navigated prior to introducing the new policy and implementation regime. We conclude that while the policy rationales look perfect as a framework, KHDPK implementation exhibits impediments and potential failures. There is risk of altering it into a mere industry of policy rhetoric, sustaining major flaws from design to execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although drafting and promulgating the expropriation decree-laws in 1918 represented landmark moments in the history of the Romanian agrarian reform, it did not lead to the definitive solution of the "peasant issue". Furthermore, the reform implementation encountered reluctances, generated by biased approaches to the subject in question. The aim of our paper is to present the difficult process of The Agrarian Reform adoption. We are also interested in outlining the immediate outcomes generated by the introduction of the new law. All those aspects included in the general context of the debates involving not only the issue of ownership, but especially that of the destiny of the reformed Romanian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Land reform is one the controversial topics confronting the democratic South Africa, as such it remains top in the country's agenda. The South African land reform is implemented through three pillars – land restitution, land tenure reform and land redistribution. Land redistribution, which is the focus of our data, is more important since large tracks of land are envisaged to be redistributed through this pillar. Despite that land redistribution has been implemented for almost twenty-five years, progress to-date is disappointing. Numerous factors have been cited to explain the unsatisfactory results. Among these explanations and reasoning it appears that not much information that can enable formulation of sound and effective policies is known about the prime land reform beneficiaries, the commercial oriented smallholders. Because the household we surveyed are the prime target beneficiaries of land redistribution, we refer to them as “potential emerging farmers”. This term is drawn from the generic definition of land reform beneficiaries known as emerging farmers. The little that is known about potential emerging farmers is from scattered case studies to which little meaningful analysis and generalisations could be made. Other smallholder datasets such as Statistics South Africa's General Household Surveys are too generic in nature, offering too little details for understanding the potential land reform beneficiaries. Here we present a modestly detailed dataset of 761 surveyed farm household heads of potential emerging farmers. These are smallholder farm household heads who at least have sold a minimum of 20 percent of their produce in previous season. The data spans across three most smallholder populous provinces in South Africa, namely the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu Natal and Limpopo. These areas, the former homelands or marginalised areas that were designated for blacks during apartheid, house smallholders with high potential of becoming the next black commercial farmers. The data consists of socio-demographic information, farmer assets, production and production orientation, risk attitudes, aspirations and willingness to partake in land redistribution.

Waqf is one of the instruments to overcome social and economic problems, meanwhile, agrarian reform is one of the programs that have access to land and is something fundamental for socio-economic development, poverty reduction for handling the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world, especially Indonesia, handling the pandemic requires strategic and clear goals, as illustrated in the design of the concept of Agrarian Reform. This paper aims to analyze the urgency of waqf in the Agrarian Reform agenda as a form of economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is the Research and development method The results of the study show that in Indonesia the utilization of waqf to overcome economic problems after the Covid-19 pandemic is still not optimal, but waqf has great potential in providing facilities for support economic recovery the urgency of waqf is also appropriate with its needs and functions in the concept of economic recovery in the SHAT (Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah) program which encourages the rise of MSMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in a cooperation program built by the ministry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation of September 6, 1944 on the implementation of agrarian reform was one of the normative acts fundamentally shaping the previous system of “people’s democracy”, but also, in its multiple effects, is also important for the contemporary social relations of a democratic state of law. Pursuant to paragraph 5 of the regulation on the execution of the decree on the implementation of agrarian reform, the competence of public administration bodies to decide, by way of an administrative decision, whether a given property falls under the provisions of article 2 section 1 letter e of the agrarian reform decree was established only in relation to a specific group of land properties. In this area, the executive power bodies are entrusted with public law competence to decide on the legal situation of an individual in this respect. Basically, the application of public law, including regulations regarding agrarian reform, was not subject to judicial control to the necessary extent during the period of the Polish People’s Republic. For obvious reasons, the protection of the rights of owners whose real estate was taken over for the purposes of agrarian reform was marginalized or even excluded. Only the restitution of the administrative judiciary opened up new possibilities in this field. Nowadays, the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal emphasizes that the reliability and efficiency of operation of public institutions, in particular those institutions that were created to implement and protect the rights guaranteed by the Constitution, are values that have a constitutional rank. The importance of the principle of reliability and efficiency of operation — in relation to the courts — according to the Constitutional Tribunal is expressed in particular in the fact that the justice system (courts) is to implement, broadly speaking, the two most important constitutional guidelines, namely to ensure the reliability and efficiency of the courts as public institutions. Therefore, the position of the Supreme Administrative Court should ultimately be considered fully accurate, that in matters of agricultural reform submitted to public administration bodies for adjudication pursuant to paragraph 5, section 1 of the regulation, currently — in the conditions of a democratic state of law — there is a possibility of two-instance adjudication in administrative proceedings, as well as judicial review of these decisions through two-instance administrative court proceedings, which fully meets the constitutional requirements and current European standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at how Aspazija and Rainis reacted in the Constitutional Assembly on the political and cultural challenges of the time, and what is the importance of culture in their view. Aspazija and Rainis were members of the social democratic faction in the Constitutional Assembly. During the Constitutional Assembly, the adoption of the amnesty law and agrarian reform, as well as questions about the referendum and the place of the president in Latvia, were important. Rainis spoke in a debate here. Rainis' speeches always reflected his legal education His example of democracy in politics was Switzerland, while in culture (and in politics) - Greece. As a member of the Latvian Social Democratic Party (LSDSP) Rainis defended the most radical agrarian reform proposal, which radically transformed Latvian agriculture. Rainis consistently defended the establishment of the Culture Fund and participated in various discussions on the financing of culture, emphasizing that culture is one of the foundations of the state. Aspazija spoke less at the Constituent Assembly, her focus was on the importance of women in the new Latvia, as well as reducing social inequality. Also, the poet strongly defended the cultural field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among the opposition to the law, the Society of Colombian Farmers (Sociedad de Agricultores de Colombia - SAC-) founded in 1871 and is a historic symbol of the land owners in Colombia. What were its reactions? What were its proposals? After reviewing the institutional journal entitled "National Journal of Agriculture", this article will reconstruct SAC's position through 1960-1975, under the hypothesis that it exerted a strong pressure to thwart the governmental initiative stemming from various campaigns to sway public opinion, legal actions and political events, while at the same time showing a publicly supporting and approving stance to the land reform. In the context of the execution of the Alliance for Progress (AFP), Colombia drove for the second time a land reform law aimed to guarantee the right of property to millions of peasants and to transform the structure. Despite the law favouring the colonisation of uncultivated land over expropriation and promoting the involvement of several political, labor union and military classes, the most conservative political and economic groups opposed the initiative with different strategies. Finally, in 1972, Misael Pastrana's administration (1970-1974) signed an agreement with those critical groups, known as the Chicoral Pact. Thereafter, the opportunity to grant land to peasants was again dismissed. Among the opposition to the law, the Society of Colombian Farmers (Sociedad de Agricultores de Colombia - SAC-) founded in 1871 and is a historic symbol of the land owners in Colombia. What were its reactions? What were its proposals? After reviewing the institutional journal entitled "National Journal of Agriculture", this article will reconstruct SAC's position through 1960-1975, under the hypothesis that it exerted a strong pressure to thwart the governmental initiative stemming from various campaigns to sway public opinion, legal actions and political events, while at the same time showing a publicly supporting and approving stance to the land reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last third of the 20th century was witness the agrarian transformation of the Huelva province coast. Its traditional agriculture turned into one of the most avant-garde and technical in Andalusia and Spain. Previously marginal lands, considered unproductive, became central. We dedicate the paper to the description and analysis of the local heterodox agrarian reform that initiated this transformation: the occupation, subdivision, and cultivation of the collective forest and bushland of El Avitorejo and surroundings, later known as Las Malvinas, in the township areas of Moguer and Palos de la Frontera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we contextualise, describe and analyse the last attempt at land reform in Spain—the one passed by the Autonomous Parliament of Andalusia in 1984. The Andalusians had passed their Statute of Autonomy by referendum in 1981, incorporating the mandate to carry out an agrarian reform that would boost the rural economy, generate employment and balance the agricultural structure of this region in Southern Spain, peripheral to both national and European centres of power. The Andalusian socialist government complied with this mandate, pushing the agrarian reform law through and applying a package of reform measures, which met with resistance from landowners and conservative political forces from the outset. Political, economic, legal and administrative obstacles swiftly discouraged the Andalusian socialists from persevering in the endeavour, and at the beginning of the nineties, its dismantling began. Finally, in 2011 the end of the agrarian reform was declared, and with it, the waiver of the right to consider alternative models to the liberal management of the agricultural sector. Archives and newspaper libraries, as well as administrative and legal sources, have been consulted, and the information has been examined using content analysis and cross-checked and triangulated with the specialised literature. This article hails a breakthrough in the understanding of the socio-territorial scopes of an agrarian reform little studied to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matopiba's agricultural frontier has been at the centre of political and scientific debates since its establishment in 2015. However, the impact of agribusiness expansion and intensification on land distribution in the region has yet to be studied. How has the establishment of Matopiba affected commodity crop production and agrarian reform in the region? This article analyses historical trends in soybean and corn production, and recent developments across Matopiba microregions. These are then juxtaposed with data on agrarian reform at microregion level. The findings help to clarify the ways in which agricultural frontier expansion has been reliant on government support and reveal conflicting agricultural development at work in Matopiba. While commodity crop production has increased in Matopiba as expected, agrarian reform has halted. The few agrarian reform settlements that have been created are in areas with lower agricultural potential within the limits of Matopiba's frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What motivated right-wing and conservative parties to endorse a policy of land expropriation and redistribution in Brazil? I argue that urban-dominated right-wing parties endorsed agrarian reform in order to: (i) reduce crime in wealthier metropolises by reversing rural–urban migration; and (ii) gain competitive advantage against left-wing challengers. To test this argument I conduct process tracing, analysing over 500 elite statements about agrarian reform, drawn from archival, interview and survey data. In addition, I model land expropriations at the municipal level and show how right-wing administrations disproportionately expropriated land in the states of origin of migrants and, within those, in localities where the Left was more competitive. My results portray how two externalities of inequality – crime and competition with the Left – motivated conservative support for agrarian reform in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1980s, more than 20,000 Salvadorans fleeing the violence of the Salvadoran Civil War entered the neighboring country of Nicaragua. Their flight was part of a larger multidirectional migration out of El Salvador in which Salvadorans sought refuge across Central and North America. In response to this unprecedented influx of Salvadoran refugee men, women, and children, the Nicaraguan government—newly under the control of the revolutionary Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN)—declared that all refugees would be permitted "the opportunity to survive and produce." This article argues that the timing of the refugees' arrival proved mutually beneficial for both the Salvadorans and the FSLN by illustrating how Sandinista officials sought to further agrarian reform projects via refugee integration into agricultural cooperatives. As such, Nicaraguan refugee policy functioned as an integral part of Sandinista statecraft. Through an analysis of refugee-produced sources, government and UNHCR documents, and news reports, this article sheds new light on the entwined histories of Salvadoran refugees and the Sandinista state in the transnational context of the late Cold War period in Central America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This article reconstructs the struggle that consumers and the state waged to contain inflation and consumer scarcity in mid-twentieth-century Chile. Methodology: Drawing on records from Chile's Ministry of Economy and print media, it first assesses how in the 1930s, mobilized consumers and Chile's national price control office worked together to create an expectation that a strong interventionist state could prevent inflation and shortages by monitoring and regulating the speculative behavior of private merchants. Then, by examining the writings of leading economic thinkers of the postwar era, it details how the state's understanding of rising prices and scarcity increasingly turned to structural matters of economic production and distribution, particularly in Chile's rural economy. Originality: While most scholarship on inflation and scarcity in twentieth-century Latin America tends to either focus on the intellectual debate surrounding shortages and price volatility or on the grassroots political experience with these problems, I show how interactions between consumers and the state created a paradox. On the one hand, consumers came to expect that the state had an immediate duty and capacity to minimize short-term economic hardship. But on the other hand, by continuing to identify inflation and scarcity as problems driven by individual acts, many consumers, including some of the political left, lost faith in the state's long-term planning capacity. Conclusions: The article concludes by showing how in the early 1970s, during a period of heightened class conflict, the state's embrace of a longer-term, structural approach to inflation and scarcity drove a wedge between Salvador Allende's Unidad Popular (up) government and its political base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The records of the Department for the Agrarian Reform and Colonisation of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of Croatia (NRH) i.e. its sixth series (The Implementation of the Agrarian Reform) mostly contain agrarian decisions issued firstly by the county and municipal, later the district agrarian commissions in the territory of the NRH, as well as decisions issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (1945-1947) and its successor the Ministry of Agriculture (1947-1951) during the period of the implementation of the agrarian reform from 1945 to 1948, with few various decisions issued later on, until 1951. The Ministry of Agriculture acquired, registered and systematised these decisions that had mostly been created by the activities of its predecessor, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The reform was carried out via four basic procedures -- the procedure on ascertaining agrarian objects (physical and legal persons who had a land surplus), the procedure on ascertaining agrarian subjects (physical persons with little land), assigning land, and in the territory of Istria and Dalmatia feudal agrarian relations were ascertained and abolished i.e. the colonate and sharecropping, together with enforced auctions in Istria. After gaining a detailed insight in the records it had been ascertained that large interventions were necessary in order to achieve a more homogenous records structure that would enable easier search of decisions. The paper gives a short outline of the agrarian reform, its legal framework and the authorities that implemented it, whereas greater emphasis was put on the practical work with records, the problems during the systematization of decisions pertaining to individual procedures and records related to the reform that, however, are not directly part of procedures that were carried out. It also addresses the reasons for partial change of the previous structure and solutions found regarding the arrangement, mostly carried out in the context of digitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Fulfilling communal rights to customary lands has still become an unresolved polemic. As a country adhering to Pancasila ideology, all laws and regulations should embody in Pancasila, including regulation on Agrarian Reform. This research aimed to figure out the reduction of values found in the 2nd principle of Pancasila against the Presidential Regulation Number 86 Year 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform in the context of fulfilling communal rights of indigenous peoples to customary lands. The research used a normative-juridical method with both statutory and analytical approaches. This research specifically examined and analyzed the reduction of values in the second principles of Pancasila toward the regulation of agrarian reform in Indonesia. The data sources were in the form of secondary data to obtain objective research results including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through documents and literatures. The collected data were then qualitatively analyzed and presented in the forms of narrative text. By implementing the second principle of Pancasila, the communal rights to customary lands are fulfilled in Agrarian Reform and become the basis to strengthen the position of indigenous peoples in national legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Italian discourse on planning turned to regionalism as a model. Architects and planners sought substantial alternatives in urban design. Fascinated by the US examples, they emphasized the need for establishing a cooperative and democratic process of planning which could involve the urban and the rural simultaneously. On the other hand, providers of US aid for post-war reconstruction urged the Italian technical bureaucracy to explore new forms of regional development that, in line with the overseas experience, could reclaim the landscape of Southern Italy from its structural backwardness and provide the design tools for an overall land reform. Against this contrasting background, two river basin authorities in the Lucania region started updating their old development plans to obtain funds from US agencies. This paper highlights an obscure case study, with the aim of presenting and understanding some of the key aspects of the Italian discourse on rurality and regional planning. It deals with the work of the Metaponto and Bradano Valley Authorities and their consultants – the agrarian economist Manlio Rossi-Doria and the agrarian engineer Nallo Mazzocchi Alemanni – framing their key but often underestimated role in the multilayered Lucanian experience. Inscribed in the contemporary debate on land reform and resettlement, the pragmatic and technical stance of Rossi-Doria and Mazzocchi Alemanni would provide the foundation for the contested and multifaceted influence of the US models, and for the interweaving of contradictory ideologies deployed by intellectuals and activists who considered alternative forms of democratic planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the Portuguese policies of internal colonization carried out within the political and ideological framework of the New State corporatist regime. Although the first proposals date back to the nineteenth century, this process was only implemented throughout the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, a period during which a small number of agricultural villages was built from scratch. While these policies have produced new rural and architectural landscapes worthy of study and preservation, they remain poorly known and recognized as such. Based on different sources and information, this short essay seeks to contribute to the better understanding of the scale and impact of this experiment, as well as to its historical significance. Our approach and conclusions do not fail to consider the modest size of the colonizing project undertaken by the Portuguese State when compared, for example, to what happened in Spain or Italy. Quite far from what was initially planned, the construction of only seven Agricultural Colonies can only be seen as a trial run for a much larger agrarian and land reform that was repeatedly postponed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)