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Buffalo milk due to its high fat content from the energy point of view is more valuable compared to cow's milk. The percentage of fat varies depending on the stage of lactation, season, individual, health, animal age and diet. The study of the chemical composition and the antioxidant capacity of buffalo milk is required for both scientific and technological considerations, given the importance of this type of milk in the consumer's diet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the physico-chemical composition of buffalo milk by lactation. Buffalo milk can have different qualities, so the quality of buffalo milk is also determined by its content in its components (protein, fat, lactose, vitamins, fatty acids, water content, antioxidant capacity). The physicochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity were influenced by lactation, presenting the highest values in lactations III and IV. During lactation I, parameters such as fat, protein and lactose showed a content of 7.88, 4.35 and 4.71%, respectively. Furthermore, in lactation IV, fat, protein and lactose had increased, showing the content of these parameters as follows 9.53, 4.68 and 4.77%. Antioxidant capacity of buffalo milk showed the highest numbers in lactation III (360.1) and IV, 358.9 µg/ml. From all of the analyzed parameters, only total dry substance content presented the most increased values 18.9% in lactation I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donkey milk is used as an alternative source in the diet of young children and newborns due to the similar composition to breast milk. The donkey milk is considered to be a functional food by the chemical composition it presents, thus being beneficial in the nutrition of people suffering from food allergies. The chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the donkey milk are significantly influenced by lactation and also by the lactation period. Donkey milk has a low fat content compared to other species and high lactose content. These parameters are influenced by the variables such as: lactation, animal age, and feeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lactation on the antioxidant capacity and physicochemical compounds in the donkey milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donkey milk is considered a substitute for breast milk. Because of its nutritional and compositional properties it is very close to breast milk. Equine asinus can be considered suitable for feeding newborns, against cow's milk, which can cause intolerance. We determined the physico-chemical parameters of donkey milk with CombiFoss FT. The total germ count (TNG) was analyzed by BactoScan and the total number of somatic cells (TNS) by Fossomatic FC. Determination of heavy metals in milk was performed by mass spectrometry to identify Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn. Heavy metals are present in the environment but also in food and can cause serious health problems to the consumer. For the consumer, the main source of cadmium exposure is the food they consume, water and smoking. Cd contamination of dairy milk may also be due to the use of Cd-based chemicals, fertilizers, feed and waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health status of cows is evaluated and depending on haematological and biochemical profile of blood. Nutrition is the main technological factor that can produce profound changes in the metabolic profile in animals (Dhiman et al., 1991; Khaled et al., 1999; Ingvartsen, 2006). Blood parameters analyze can lead to identify if there are errors in nutrition of lactating cows (Payne et al., 1970). The aim of this study was the evaluation of metabolic and biochemical changes that occur during colostrum period and in terms of number of lactations in cows. The biological material was represented by a total of 60 heads of dairy cows from a family farm from Sãlaj County, Romania. The cows are all from Holstein breed and presented no clinical signs of any specific pathology. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cow and analyzed. 10 individuals from each of the six lactations have been randomly selected. Haematological and biochemical parameters showed variations depending on factors analyzed here. In lactation 1 Hb was 7.55±3.05 (g/dl), while in lactation 6 the value was 12.5±2.10 (g/dl). RBC ranged as follows: in lactation 1 - 28.50±2.05 and in lactation 6 - 30.02±2.05. Lymphocytes varied within very wide limits under the influence of lactation: in lactation 1 - 2.8±1.56 and in lactation 6 - 7.55±1.80. The number of lactations and lactation rank have influenced blood biochemical and hematological parameters in dairy cows. Biochemical parameters are influenced by post-partum day, showing the lowest values in the early days of colostral period and the highest in the last few days of the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Băl?ată Românească is a native cattle breed. The lactation determine a significant changes on physico-chemical parameters of milk. These parameters is influenced by haematological profile. It is important to evaluate the hematological profile, as is an assessment of the health of animals. HEM presents the lowest values in lactation 2, 8.32 ± 2.01 (g/dL) and higher lactation 5 10.35±0.96 (g/dl). HCT varies thus: lowest averages are 26.71±1.28 L1 and L5 highest in 29.87±1.07. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological material of buffaloes in this area shows favorable characteristics in the direction of milk production with a total length of lactation almost close to the normal one, but the interval between births is quite high. Pure milk fat content on total lactation is 6.98% and 6.96% for normal lactation, with variations from the first lactation of 7.27% to 6.86% in the ninth lactation. The time of the dry period shows variation between 80.84 and 142.84 days and calving interval between 375.91 and 435.48 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches were conducted on a biologic material, a cow livestock, in different lactating stages and their physico-chemical parameters were determined: fat; protein, lactose, unfat dry substance, milk freight. Microbiologic determinations mainly envisioned: the number of somatic cells (NSC), number of total germs (NTG). The detection of this microbiologic parameter in the composition of cow milk provides information regarding the hygienic conditions of their production and handling. Correlations between the number of somatic cells, milk production and composition are employed in dairy cow farms, in order to assess losses caused by mastitis and the implementing of certain measures for the control of these diseases. On the other hand, correlations between the number of somatic cells and milk composition proveuseful in establishing milk processing behaviour, as the practice of setting milk raw matter prices according to the number of somatic cells in the milk is becoming increasingly more frequent in developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were collected samples of mammary gland tissue from Turcana breed sheep, nearly aged, in lactation stage and with similar mammary gland volume/conformation. By histological and stereological evaluation were determined the relative areas of glandular parenchyma (mammary alveoli, excretion canaliculli system) and stroma (connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves). Before histological sample collecting was determined the average milk production resulted from three successive milking days. The results revealed positive correlations between average milk production and glandular parenchyma area and negative correlations between average milk production and connective stroma area from mammary gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study of the physico-chemical parameters from buffalo raw milk during different lactations. The study started from the fact that the quality assurance of starting material is one of the principal parameters which is conditioning the quality of end product. It provided the results of the physico-chemical investigation of the buffalo milk fated in the industrial processing.

Given to the peculiarities of the lactating buffaloes behavior and for influencing the chemical composition and technological quality of the final products made from buffalo milk, we thought it advisable to study the main physico-chemical parameters (fat, protein, lactose and solids) from the herd of buffaloes GDG Cluj county formed from 72 buffaloes in I-VIII lactations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the main milk components function of lactation. The following components were analyzed: fat, protein, lactose, non-lipid dry matter, density, and pH. In our study these components are influenced by the specific reference seasonal conditions. The average fat percent in milk frames within: 7.23-8.89%; protein 5.17-5.42% and lactose 4.19-4.94%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]