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The laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidases (MnP), and lignin peroxidase enzymes produced by basidiomycete have been studied due to their potential in bioremediation, therefore, in this study, degradation of diclofenac (DCF), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), indomethacin (IND), gemfibrozil (GFB), and bezafibrate (BZF) by enzymes produced by Trametes maxima , Pleurotus sp., and Pycnosporus sanguineus grown in culture was evaluated. The degradation of drugs can mainly be attributed to MnP because a correlation between the activity of this enzyme and the degree of removal was found. The specific activity of Lac did not show correlation with drug removal, while lignin peroxidase was not expressed. Trametes maxima showed the highest specific activity of MnP (387.6 ± 67.4 U/mg) and efficiency removal 90.2% of DCF, 72.62% of SMX, 60.76% of IND, 43.39% of GFB, and 32.59% of BZF) followed by Pleurotus sp . with specific activity of MnP of 55.9 ± 8.5 U/mg and 89.47% of DCF, 47.61% of GFB and 73% of IND were removed, P. sanguineus had the lowest specific activity of 18 ± 1.3 U/mg and was able to remove only 42% of SMX and 10.59% of IND. In order to prove that MnP remove drugs instead of Lac, the pure Lac was tested and only degraded DCF.

In this study, the effects of Aspergillus niger in coculture with the basidiomycetes, Trametes versicolor , T. maxim a, and Ganoderma spp., were studied to assess H 2 O 2 production and laccase (Lac), Lignin Peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities. The results indicated that maximum discoloration was of 97%, in the T. maxima and A. niger coculture, where the concentration of H 2 O 2 was 5 mg/L and 6.3 mg/L in cultures without and with dye, respectively. These concentrations of H 2 O 2 were 1.6- and 1.8-fold higher than monocultures of T. maxima (3.37 mg/L) and A. niger (3.87 mg/L), respectively. In the same coculture, the LiP and MnP enzyme activities also increased 12-fold, (from 0.08 U/mg to 0.99 U/mg), and 67-fold, (from 0.11 U/mg to 7.4 U/mg), respectively. The Lac activity increased 1.7-fold (from 13.46 U/mg to 24 U/mg). Further, a Box-Behnken experimental design indicated a 1.8-fold increase of MnP activity (from 7.4 U/mg to 13.3 U/mg). In addition, dye discoloration regression model obtained from the Box-Behnken experimental design showed a positively correlation with H 2 O 2 , ( R 2  = 0.58) and a negatively correlation with Lac activity ( R 2 = -0.7).

The optimization of ligninolytic enzyme (LE) activities in a novel fungal co-culture between Pycnoporus sanguineus and Beauveria brongniartii were studied using a Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED) and a central composite design (CCD). In addition, H 2 O 2 role was analyzed. Laccase (EC. 1.10.3.2) and MnP (EC 1.11.1.14) activities of P. sanguineus increased 6.0- and 2.3-fold, respectively, in the co-culture with B. brongniartii. The H 2 O 2 content was higher in the co-culture (0.33-7.12-fold) than in the P. sanguineus monoculture. The PBED revealed that yeast extract (YE), FeSO 4, and inoculum amount were significant factors for laccase and MnP activities and H 2 O 2 production in the co-culture, which increased by 8.2-, 5.2- and 1.03-fold, respectively. The YE and FeSO 4 were studied using a CCD to optimize the studied response variables. Laccase activity was enhanced 1.5-fold by CCD, the optimal amount of YE was 0.366 g L -1 . Quadratic term of FeSO 4 modulated MnP activity and was associated with a 4.28-fold increase compared to the PBED. Both YE and its quadratic term significantly affected H 2 O 2 production; however, the CCD did not enable an increase in H 2 O 2 production. Pearson correlation indicated an increase in laccase (r 2 =0.4411, p = 0.0436) and MnP (r 2 =0.5186, p = 0.0198) activities following increases in H 2 O 2 in the co-culture system.

In this study, the effects of Aspergillus niger in coculture with the basidiomycetes, Trametes versicolor, T. maxima, and Ganoderma spp., were studied to assess H2O2 production and laccase (Lac), Lignin Peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities. The results indicated that maximum discoloration was of 97%, in the T. maxima and A. niger coculture, where the concentration of H2O2 was 5 mg/L and 6.3 mg/L in cultures without and with dye, respectively. These concentrations of H2O2 were 1.6- and 1.8-fold higher than monocultures of T. maxima (3.37 mg/L) and A. niger (3.87 mg/L), respectively. In the same coculture, the LiP and MnP enzyme activities also increased 12-fold, (from 0.08 U/mg to 0.99 U/mg), and 67-fold, (from 0.11 U/mg to 7.4 U/mg), respectively. The Lac activity increased 1.7-fold (from 13.46 U/mg to 24 U/mg). Further, a Box–Behnken experimental design indicated a 1.8-fold increase of MnP activity (from 7.4 U/mg to 13.3 U/mg). In addition, dye discoloration regression model obtained from the Box–Behnken experimental design showed a positively correlation with H2O2, (R2 = 0.58) and a negatively correlation with Lac activity (R2 = –0.7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]