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Background and Purpose: The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) regulates airway mucosal hydration and mucus clearance. The lack of such regulation in cystic fibrosis patients leads to desiccation of the airway lumen, resulting in mucostasis that establishes the environment for infections. Osmotic agents and negative ENaC regulators can be used to restore mucosal hydration. We aimed to assess whether: (i) osmotically driven fluid flux into the rat lung could be quantified in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and (ii) the MRI signals could be modulated through the regulation of ENaC function.Experimental Approach: Lung images from spontaneously breathing rats were acquired following intra-tracheal (i.t.) administration of physiological or hypertonic saline (HS). Compounds known to modulate the ENaC function were given i.t. prior to saline. Volumes of fluid signals were quantified on the images.Key Results: A tonicity-dependent increase in lung fluid was demonstrated following HS administration. Pretreatment with the ENaC blockers, amiloride or 552-02, resulted in an enhancement of HS-induced lung fluid signals, which were detectable for up to 4 h, consistent with a role for ENaC in fluid clearance. Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor that attenuates ENaC function, likewise enhanced the HS-induced increase in lung fluid signal, while alpha(1)-anti-trypsin was without significant effect.Conclusions and Implications: Proton MRI provides a non-invasive technique for studying modulators of lung fluid hydration in rat lung in vivo. The pharmacological sensitivity of MRI-detected fluid signals is consistent with ENaC-mediated fluid reabsorption after HS. This target-related readout may be used to characterize new ENaC modulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study of the airway inflammation induced by acute cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to rats. Dose dependent changes in lung neutrophils and mucin secretion in airways; Reliance on BAL for marking lung tissue leucocyte changes; Elevation of tissue neutrophils due to dexamethasone.