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Bone regeneration has been extensively studied over the past several decades. The surgically-induced mouse model is the key animal model for studying bone regeneration, of the various research strategies used. These mouse models mimic the trauma and recovery processes in vivo and serve as carriers for tissue engineering and gene modification to test various therapies or associated genes in bone regeneration. The present review introduces a classification of surgically induced mouse models in bone regeneration, evaluates the application and value of these models and discusses the potential development of further innovations in this field in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinidia macrosperma (AM) is a medicinal plant in China and has been well known for its activities against cancers, especially of lung, liver and digestive system. The immunomodulatory effects of AM aqueous extract were examined using S180-bearing mice. Young adult (20 ± 2 g) ICR mice inoculated with SI80 cells were divided randomly into six groups: S l80-bearing control group, normal control group, positive control group (Ginseng Radix Rubra 2000 mg/kg) and 50, 100, 250 mg/kg AM treatment groups. Each group consisted of ten mice. Body and tumor weights were obtained after 12 consecutive days, and their humoral, cellular and nonspecific immune functions were also determined by relative assays. The results showed that the aqueous extract of AM was lack of significant inhibit on transplantable sarcoma SI80, with a inhibit rate of 1.5%-14.8% (dose at 250 mg/kg was the best), but significantly increased the overall immune functions (especially at 100 and 250 mg/kg). The immunomodulatory effect was dose-dependent in a nonlinear fashion with the optimal dose of 100 mg/kg. The AM-induced antitumor effects were at least partially indirect and were associated with the modulation of immune functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]