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For knowledge elicitation in contexts where human operators are highly experienced, there are two established protocols available – concurrent and retrospective verbalisations. A third protocol – ‘conspective’ verbalisation – and a synthesised method called collegial verbalisation (CV) which combines the three protocols are presented. Where domain knowledge is shared between colleagues, one might find that they share cognitive strategies. Independent observers (colleagues) comment in the form of conspective protocols on the behaviour of target users. It solves some of the problems associated with the established verbalisation protocols. Three previously published field studies are summarised to illustrate the development of the protocol and the method, provide empirical support, and exemplify the practical value. Based on these studies, a theoretical model is presented. Conspective verbalisation is intended for use in conjunction with concurrent and retrospective verbalisations. Contributing an independent source of data is seen as the major implication of the CV method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]