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FAIR (Framework to Assess International Regimes for differentiation of commitments) is een interactief computer model voor het (kwantitatief) verkennen van verschillende beleidsopties voor internationale lastenverdeling voor het internationale klimaatbeleid, gekoppeld aan doelstellingen voor bescherming van het klimaat. De huidige versie van FAIR bevat drie verschillende benaderingen voor internationale lastenverdeling-regimes: 1) Increasing participation (toenemende participatie): in deze benadering neemt het aantal landen en hun inspanningsniveau geleidelijk toe op basis van regels en criteria voor zowel deelname als bijdrage (bijvoorbeeld op basis van hoofdelijk inkomen, hoofdelijke emissies of bijdrage aan temperatuurstijging (Braziliaans voorstel); 2)Convergentie: in deze benadering nemen alle partijen direct deel aan een emissierechtenregime, waarbij de toegestane emissieruimte in de tijd convergeert van het bestaande naar een gelijk hoofdelijk niveau; 3)Triptych (triptiek): De methode is gebaseerd op gedifferentieerde doelstellingen voor verschillene sectoren: energie-efficientie en de-carbonisatiedoelstellingen voor de electriciteits- en internationaal georienteerde zware industriele sectoren en internationale convergentie in per capita emissieruimte voor de binnenlandse sectoren. De eerste twee modes zijn top-down methodologen, en de triptych methode is een bottom-up methode. FAIR bevat ook een optie om eigen emissie scenario's te ontwikkelen, alsmede de klimaatseffecten hiervan te evalueren (scenario constructie).

The aim of the COOL project was to develop strategic notions how drastic reductions of GHG emissions in the Netherlands can be achieved in the long term, in an European and global context, using a method of participatory integrated assessment. The project brought together in a dialogue setting scientists, policy makers and stakeholders representing different groups and different interests in society. Experiences and insights from different groups were thus available for the process. In the dialogue, which was set up as a series of workshops, long term policy options for significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions and their feasibility have been analysed. As Dutch climate policy is dependent on international policy developments, the COOL-project incorporated next to the national Dutch level, also a dialogue on the European and on the global level.

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This report, Climate Change, a Permanent Concern, presents the results of research that was conducted in over 90 projects during the second phase of the National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change (NRP-II, 1995-2001). The report is intended for policymakers, members of business and societal organisations and interested members of the public.This report addresses the following questions arising from climate policy in the Netherlands: What new understanding is there about the climate system: what has been learned about climate variability, the causes of climate change and the role of human activities (detection and attribution). What are the possible consequences of climate change for the Netherlands in particular, but also for other regions (especially developing countries), and what possibilities are there for adaptation? What development paths are there to bring about reductions in emissions? What recommendations can be made for the Netherlands' national, international and local climate policies?

This report, Climate Change, a Permanent Concern, presents the results of research that was conducted in over 90 projects during the second phase of the National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change (NRP-II, 1995-2001). The report is intended for policymakers, members of business and societal organisations and interested members of the public.This report addresses the following questions arising from climate policy in the Netherlands: What new understanding is there about the climate system: what has been learned about climate variability, the causes of climate change and the role of human activities (detection and attribution). What are the possible consequences of climate change for the Netherlands in particular, but also for other regions (especially developing countries), and what possibilities are there for adaptation? What development paths are there to bring about reductions in emissions? What recommendations can be made for the Netherlands' national, international and local climate policies?

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The aim of the COOL project was to develop strategic notions how drastic reductions of GHG emissions in the Netherlands can be achieved in the long term, in an European and global context, using a method of participatory integrated assessment. The project brought together in a dialogue setting scientists, policy makers and stakeholders representing different groups and different interests in society. Experiences and insights from different groups were thus available for the process. In the dialogue, which was set up as a series of workshops, long term policy options for significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions and their feasibility have been analysed. As Dutch climate policy is dependent on international policy developments, the COOL-project incorporated next to the national Dutch level, also a dialogue on the European and on the global level.

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This report contains the model documentation and user instructions of the FAIR model (Framework to Assess International Regimes for differentiation of commitments). FAIR is an interactive - scanner-type - computer model to quantitatively explore a range of alternative climate policy options for international differentiation of future commitments and link these to targets for global climate protection. The model includes three different approaches for evaluating international commitment regimes: 1)Increasing participation: in this mode the number of parties involved and their level of commitment gradually increase according to participation and differentiation rules, such as per- capita income, per capita emissions, or contribution to global warming.2) Convergence: in this mode all parties participate in the burden-sharing regime, with emission rights converging to equal per capita levels over time. 3) Triptych: different burden sharing rules are applied for different sectors (e.g. convergence of per capita emissions in the domestic sector, efficiency and de-carbonisation targets for the industry sector and the power generation sector). The first two modes are representatives of top-down methodologies, so from global emission ceilings to regional emission budgets, whereas the triptych approach is more bottom-up in character, although it can be combined with specific emission targets (as illustrated in the case of the EU). In order to construct and evaluate global emission profiles, the FAIR model also has the mode: Scenario construction. In this mode the impacts in terms of the main climate indicators can be scanned of a constructed or well-defined global emissions profile.

This report contains the model documentation and user instructions of the FAIR model (Framework to Assess International Regimes for differentiation of commitments). FAIR is an interactive - scanner-type - computer model to quantitatively explore a range of alternative climate policy options for international differentiation of future commitments and link these to targets for global climate protection. The model includes three different approaches for evaluating international commitment regimes: 1)Increasing participation: in this mode the number of parties involved and their level of commitment gradually increase according to participation and differentiation rules, such as per- capita income, per capita emissions, or contribution to global warming.2) Convergence: in this mode all parties participate in the burden-sharing regime, with emission rights converging to equal per capita levels over time. 3) Triptych: different burden sharing rules are applied for different sectors (e.g. convergence of per capita emissions in the domestic sector, efficiency and de-carbonisation targets for the industry sector and the power generation sector). The first two modes are representatives of top-down methodologies, so from global emission ceilings to regional emission budgets, whereas the triptych approach is more bottom-up in character, although it can be combined with specific emission targets (as illustrated in the case of the EU). In order to construct and evaluate global emission profiles, the FAIR model also has the mode: Scenario construction. In this mode the impacts in terms of the main climate indicators can be scanned of a constructed or well-defined global emissions profile.

niet beschikbaar