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Objectives: Over the past 2 decades, significant advances have been made in the management of infections after transplant; however, transplant recipients are still at high risk of infectious complications. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns in kidney transplant recipients., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 356 patients who received kidney transplants, regardless of the underlying disease, from 2013 to 2015 at the Montaserieh Transplant Hospital (Mashhad, Iran). Clinical samples collected from patients were sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture processing. Typing of bacteria was conducted, and susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline by use the of disk diffusion agar method. Data were then analyzed by SPSS software (SPSS: An IBM Company, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) using chi-square test., Results: Among 356 kidney recipients (206 men and 150 women), 115 (32.3%) received transplants from living donors and 241 (67.7%) received transplants from deceased donors. Of 356 total patients, 112 patients (31.5%) had an infection at various times after transplant. The most common gram-negative and gram-positive isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, with prevalence rates of 66.1% and 48.6%. Most of the isolates were resistant against selected antibiotics., Conclusions: Because of the high prevalence of infection among transplant patients, infection prevention should receive more attention, and antibiotic susceptibility should be determined before treatment.

Background: One of the primary and major aims in organ transplantation is to effectively prevent or treat infections. In the previous two decades, significant advancements have been made in the management of infection after transplantation; however, transplant recipients are at high risk of infectious complications. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of bacterial infections and frequency of antimicrobial resistance in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: This retrospective study conducted on 356 patients receiving kidney in transplant hospital of Montaserieh, Mashhad, regardless of the underlying cause for a period of 24 months from March 20, 2013 to March 20, 2015. We studied cultures relevant to the samples sent to the microbiology laboratory. Results: Of 356 kidney recipients (206 men and 150 women), 115 (32.3%) received their transplants from a living donor; 241 (67.7%) received their transplants from a brain-dead patient. Of the total 365 patients, 112 (31.5%) had positive blood cultures at various time intervals after transplantation. The most common Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms causing infection were respectively, Escherichia coli, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus with a prevalence of 66.1%, and 48.6%. The highest and lowest antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive isolates was nalidixic acid (100%), and nitrofurantoin (41.5%), respectively; The antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria was amoxicillin (93.2%), and meropenem (14.7%), respectively. Conclusion: Due to the a high prevalence of infection in transplant recipients, appropriate antibiotic should be found before prescribing the drug; this would prevent introduction of new resistant strains as well as proving an effective use of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]