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Renal agenesis and obstructive urinary tract anomalies causing oligohydramnios usually result in pulmonary hypoplasia. We report on the first female monoamniotic twin born with a combination of bilateral renal agenesis, agenesis of the urinary collecting system, absent external genitalia, anal atresia and single umbilical artery, compatible with VATER association but with normal pulmonary function. The infant had none of the manifestations of Potter sequence, in particular the facial changes and pulmonary hypoplasia typically associated with bilateral renal a/dysgenesis. The monoamniotic cotwin had normal renal function, such that sufficient amniotic fluid volume was maintained. This patient emphasizes the importance of adequate amniotic fluid volume for normal pulmonary development. The possible underestimation of genital malformations in the VATER association should be considered. Also noteworthy is the rare absence of external genitalia.

The isotope nephrograms of a total of 31 renally healthy pregnant women of different thirds of pregnancy are semiquantitatively investigated by 2 methods. The results are demonstrated graphically. This comparison show that a more correct result can be made with the describing method by taking a greater number of parameters describing the excretory phase.

By means of isotope nephrograms of a total of 29 renally healthy women who had been taken for more than 1 year the drug Deposiston, the renal function is investigated. Checking is done by using the semiquantitative evaluation parameters according to Zum Winkel, Pabst and Hör and to own criteria. Our results show that the highly dosed application of estrogens does not induce significant changes of renal function in the isotope nephrogram.

Changes in renal function during pregnancy were studied by sequential scintigraphy in 16 women with normal kidneys. The examinations were carried out during the first and third trimesters. Time activity curves were obtained by a computer-assisted storage and analysis procedure, using a "region of interest" technique for renal parenchyma and renal pelvis. The study included topographic changes and the evaluation of 13 semi-quantitative parameters related to the renal parenchyma and of nine parameters related to the renal pelvis. The results were demonstrated graphically. The predominantly rightsided changes in renal function during the third trimester are discussed in relation to the relevant literature.

Renal function was investigated by isotope nephrography in 31 pregnant women with normal kidneys during various phases of pregnancy, and in 137 women on continuous contraceptive steroids (up to eight years). The semi-quantitative parameters of zum Winkel were used. It was found that the use of oral contraceptives did not lead to any change in renal function, whereas with advancing pregnancy there was distinct excretion delay on the isotope nephrogram. The results are discussed in the light of the relevant literature. Isotope nephrography appears to be a satisfactory screening test for evaluation of renal function on each side.

The renal function of a total of 137 women without renal diseases taking contraceptive steroids continuously but for different periods of time (up to a maximum of 8 years) was investigated by isotope nephrography. Checking is done by using the semiquantitative evaluation prameters according to Zum Winkel. The results show that the application of hormonal contraceptives does not induce significant changes of renal function in the isotope nephrogram.