910 results on '"PHILOSOPHERS"'
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2. The Kantian Background of Frege's Notion of Judgement.
- Author
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van der Schaar, Maria
- Subjects
- *
MODALITY (Theory of knowledge) , *PHILOSOPHERS , *OBJECTIVITY - Abstract
The paper gives, in the first place, a performative reading of Frege's account of non-alethic modalities. Second, it asks the question whether there is an influence of Kant's writings on Frege's notion of assertive force. It is generally acknowledged that the Neo-Kantian tradition has been essential to Frege's development. The paper shows that it can also be fruitful to look at more direct influences of Kant himself, especially on the early Frege. The paper shows that Kant's notion of assertoric modality must have been an inspiration for Frege to make the distinction between judgement, including the assertoric force, and judgeable content. Kant's logical I may also have played a role in Frege's account of judgement in terms of the judging agent, the first person. The conclusion of the paper, though, is that Frege is not a Kantian philosopher, as his idea of logic as providing a positive standard of objectivity is completely new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. THE THREE POSTULATE IDEA: BETWEEN LIMITS AND METAPHYSICAL BELIEFS IN IMMANUEL KANT'S SYSTEM OF PHILOSOPHY.
- Author
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Daunan, Duncan Matthew
- Subjects
- *
GERMAN philosophy , *MODERN philosophy , *HUMAN behavior , *PHILOSOPHERS , *DOGMATISM , *IDEALISM - Abstract
In the history of Western philosophy, debates about truth and error have continued to develop, reflecting diverse views that have emerged over time. The question of human nature became the center of intellectual attention, expanding philosophical study from speculation to fundamental thinking. Amid this context, Immanuel Kant emerged as a key figure who brought a new approach to philosophical inquiry. Although he spent his life in Koningsberg, his ideas in epistemology, anthropology, ethics, and education gained global recognition and made him one of the most influential philosophers of the modern era. However, his views have also drawn criticism, especially for the inconsistencies that are perceived to support dogmatism, although he originally intended to criticize it. This research analyzes Kant's thought, especially about the limits of human knowledge, metaphysics, and criticism of dogmatism. The method used is qualitative text analysis, which examines Kant's main work, "Critique of Pure Reason," as well as the views of other philosophers. Primary and secondary literature is reviewed to identify inconsistencies in Kant's arguments. The results show that although Kant's philosophical system has made an outstanding contribution, there are significant areas for improvement in the handling of metaphysical concepts and the limits of knowledge, which ultimately has the potential to fall into dogmatism. This study concludes that Kant's thought remains relevant and essential, but it needs to be reread critically to fully understand its impact on modern philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Conceptual Scheming: L. J. Henderson, Practice, and the Harvard View of Science.
- Author
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Turner, Stephen and Nichols, Lawrence
- Subjects
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PHILOSOPHERS , *SOCIAL sciences , *PHILOSOPHICAL analysis , *GREEK & Roman medicine - Abstract
L. J. Henderson was a central figure in Harvard discussions of the nature of science in the interwar period and served as a bridge between the sciences and the social sciences. Two key ideas were promoted by Henderson: systems and conceptual schemes, both of which spread quickly at Harvard and then beyond. In this article the focus will be on conceptual schemes , a term which had a distinctive origin in Henderson that accounts for some of the ambiguities in its adaptations. Henderson spoke as a scientist speaking to philosophers rather than doing philosophy and sharply distinguished his aims from those that followed from Immanuel Kant. Henderson's model was the scheme of ancient Greek medicine, which had persisted for millennia and was replaced by modern medicine. This was differentiated from earlier neo-Kantian and later Kuhnian variations. Henderson's account was distinctive in placing the origins of conceptual schemes in intuitions about patterns formed in practice by people operating on concrete phenomena. The resulting schemes, he thought, had to be accepted on faith by students, but were, as he put it, walking sticks to enable communication and understanding rather than exclusive dogmas. Henderson was an enthusiast for Vilfredo Pareto, who was vilified at Harvard during the war by Carl J. Friedrich, which led not to the disuse of his ideas but to the erasure of their origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Kant, Realism, and the Theory of Ideals.
- Author
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Levine, William
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL philosophy , *POLITICAL participation , *PHILOSOPHERS , *NORMATIVITY (Ethics) , *ETHICS , *REALISM - Abstract
What role do normative ideals play in politics? Since Rawls, many political philosophers have advocated what they take to be a Kantian answer to this question. Normative ideals organize and guide political decision-making and action, and a major task of political philosophy is to generate them. Recently, this position has come under renewed scrutiny among political thinkers identifying as realists and nonideal theorists. These critics argue that ideal theory is too remote from empirical politics. This article turns to Kant for an alternative conception of ideals that is both distinct from the Rawlsian account and better withstands the critiques of realists and nonideal theorists. It argues that, for Kant, ideals are aids to freedom; their aim is to guide us towards forms of autonomy we have yet to fully realize. This leaves us with a much stronger view of ideals than does ideal theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Précis of The World According to Kant―Appearances and Things in Themselves in Critical Idealism, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2021.
- Author
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Jauernig, Anja
- Subjects
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METAPHYSICS , *ONTOLOGY , *PHILOSOPHERS , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
The author presents a summary of her book "The World According to Kant--Appearances and Things in Themselves in Critical Idealism." She explains her belief that philosopher Immanuel Kant is not opposed to metaphysics per se but only to the method that has been used by metaphysicians. She discusses Kant's critical idealism, or the metaphysical content of his theoretical philosophy, understood as an ontological position, his arguments for it and the fundamental assumptions on which it depends.
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- 2024
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7. Nachruf auf Jean Ferrari (1931–2024).
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RESEARCH personnel ,PHILOSOPHERS ,COLLEGE teachers ,AGE - Abstract
Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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8. Platonism in the Philosophical Systems of Thinkers Associated with the Baden and Marburg School: Review of Selected Positions.
- Author
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MUSIOŁ, ANNA
- Subjects
PLATONISTS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,COMPARATIVE method ,NINETEENTH century ,IDEALISM - Abstract
The present article examines the interpretations of Platonism in the philosophical systems of selected representatives of the Baden and Marburg schools of neo-Kantianism. Using the method of comparative analysis and focusing on epistemological, metaphysical-ontological, mathematical, and historical interpretations of Plato's idealism, I present the philosophical positions of the following Baden thinkers: Wilhelm Windelband, Emil Lask, Jonas Cohn, Karl Jaspers; and the following Marburg thinkers: Hermann Cohen, Paul Natorp, August Auffarth and Elisabeth Rotten. The choice of these philosophers is deliberate and related to different ways of interpreting ancient Platonic idealism. The historical-philosophical approach in this article consists in describing various ways of interpreting Plato's philosophy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the circles of German philosophers inspired by the philosophy of Kant. I will address this research topic using a novel method, considering selected assumptions of the broadly understood intellectual environment associated with critical philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Lecciones de metafísica según los apuntes de Volckmann.
- Author
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Herrero Olivera, Laura
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS ,NATURALIZATION ,METAPHYSICS ,IMAGINATION - Abstract
Copyright of Argumenta Philosophica is the property of Herder Editorial S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
10. Hobbes and Kant: Materialism and Rhetoric.
- Author
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Kuschel, Gonzalo Bustamante
- Subjects
POLITICAL philosophy ,CITIZENS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,MONARCHY ,REPUBLICANS - Abstract
Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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11. Tres críticas a Kant y sus válvulas de escape para no repetir Auschwitz.
- Author
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Cristina Vallejo-Merino, Isabel
- Subjects
SOCIAL classes ,AUSCHWITZ concentration camp ,GENOCIDE ,INSURGENCY ,PHILOSOPHERS ,TOTALITARIANISM ,DIGNITY ,OBEDIENCE - Abstract
Copyright of Pedagogía y Saberes is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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12. Shame and the question of self-respect.
- Author
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Shield, Madeleine
- Subjects
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SELF-esteem , *SHAME , *FAILURE (Psychology) , *SELF-evaluation , *PHILOSOPHERS , *DESIRE - Abstract
Despite signifying a negative self-appraisal, shame has traditionally been thought by philosophers to entail the presence of self-respect in the individual. On this account, shame is occasioned by one's failure to live up to certain self-standards—in displaying less worth than one thought one had—and this moves one to hide or otherwise inhibit oneself in an effort to protect one's self-worth. In this paper, I argue against the notion that only self-respecting individuals can experience shame. Contrary to the idea that shame presupposes the presence of self-worth, I contend that shame merely requires that one have the desire, rather than the expectation, that one is worthy. Furthermore, I suggest that the desire for concealment fueled by shame is not an inherently self-protective mechanism but can alternatively be understood as an effort to safeguard one's connection with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. METAFÍSICA CONCEPTUAL Y METAFÍSICA TESTIMONIAL.
- Author
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Peláez Cedrés, Álvaro
- Subjects
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EUCLIDEAN geometry , *PHILOSOPHY of science , *ANALYTIC philosophy , *PHILOSOPHERS , *TEACHER educators , *INTUITION - Abstract
The article presents the author's experience in a philosophy and metaphysics seminar taught by Professor Héctor Massa. Two forms of practicing metaphysics were addressed: testimonial and conceptual, using passages from the works of Berdiáyev and Kant. The influence of Kant on 20th-century analytical philosophy and its importance in the philosophy of science were discussed. Different philosophers were also mentioned, and the relationship between Euclidean geometry and spatial intuition was explored from Kant's perspective. Additionally, strategies for defending a non-conceptualist reading of Kant were presented, and Sellars' stance on perceptual experiences and their relation to empirical knowledge was discussed. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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14. LA ÉTICA DE KANT, LA ÉTICA KANTIANA Y LA ÉTICA CONTEMPORÁNEA.
- Author
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de Haro Romo, Vicente
- Subjects
- *
VIRTUE ethics , *MORAL reasoning , *KANTIAN ethics , *DUTY , *PHILOSOPHERS , *ETHICS - Abstract
Among the basic elements of Immanuel Kant's ethics, stand out the categorical imperative as the main reason of ethical determination, its appeal to the capacity to judge, and the possibility of considering Kantian ethics of duty also as a model for the formation of character and therefore also as virtue ethics. Kant's approach is productive even in ethical proposals that differ from him in what could be called his "material ethics". Finally, it is shown how contemporary ethical discussion cannot do without the insights offered by the philosopher of Königsberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Shame and 'Shame Instinct' in Kant's Pre-Critical Texts RH.
- Author
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Falcato, Ana Cristina
- Subjects
- *
KANTIAN ethics , *PLAYWRITING , *EMOTIONS , *PHILOSOPHERS , *ARGUMENT , *SHAME - Abstract
This paper corrects a historical injustice that has been perpetrated against Kant for some time now. Mostly on good grounds, Kantian ethics has been accused of neglecting the role played by the emotions in moral deliberation and in morally informed action. However, the contemporary moral philosophers who have put forth such a claim tend to bypass textual sources, on the one hand, and to downplay the role played by the anthropological writings on Kant's practical philosophy as a whole, on the other. Relying on highly relevant pre-critical texts in which Kant sketches future argumentative patterns and discusses the role of a negative emotion like shame on the improvement of the human species, I address a mistaken conclusion about Kantian ethics as a whole that is common in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy. I also raise paradoxical conclusions that follow from Kant's argument, once its implicit premises have been brought to light. I conclude that Kant did indeed think seriously about a so-called 'shame-instinct', however much his central ideas diverge from contemporary readings of the emotion, and fall short of fulfilling the ultimate target one can assume his insights would be drawing at. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Kantian Futurism.
- Author
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Hanna, Robert
- Subjects
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SCIENCE fiction , *HUMAN beings , *PHILOSOPHERS , *SPECIES , *SENSES - Abstract
The future of philosophy and the future of humankind-in-the-world are intimately related, not only (i) in the obvious sense that all philosophers are "human, all-too-human" animals--i.e., members of the biological species Homo sapiens, and also finite, fallible, and thoroughly normative imperfect in every other way too--hence the natural fate of all human animals is also the natural fate of all philosophers, but also (ii) in the more profound and subtle sense of what I'll call philosophical futurism. Philosophical futurism is a critical, synoptic, and speculative reflection on the fate of humankind-in-the-world, with special attention paid not only to what humankind-in-the-world (including philosophy itself) will most likely be, if things continue to go along in more or less the same way as they have been and are now going, or could conceivably be, as in science fiction or other forms of imaginative projection, but also to what what humankind-in-the-world (including philosophy itself) ought to be, and therefore (assuming that "ought" entails "can") can be, as the direct result of our individual and collective free agency, for the purpose of rationally guiding humankind in the near future. In this essay, I very briefly present, defend, and strongly recommend a version of philosophical futurism that I call Kantian futurism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. ¿Religión a pesar de la Ilustración? Retractaciones de una tarea filosófica no resuelta de Platón para Kant.
- Author
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Enskat, Rainer
- Subjects
EIGHTEENTH century ,PHILOSOPHERS ,RELIGIONS ,ENLIGHTENMENT - Abstract
Copyright of Con-textos Kantianos: International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Con-Textos Kantianos (CTK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Kant, jesuitas y catolicismo - una perspectiva histórica.
- Author
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Durán Casas, Vicente
- Subjects
CATHOLIC Church doctrines ,IDEA (Philosophy) ,TWENTIETH century ,PHILOSOPHERS ,CATHOLICS ,CRITICAL realism - Abstract
Copyright of Con-textos Kantianos: International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Con-Textos Kantianos (CTK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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19. Immanuel Kant und Andrea Bina: Ein Autor, missverstanden und übersehen.
- Author
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Grillenzoni, Paolo
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,EIGHTEENTH century ,PHILOSOPHERS ,THEORISTS ,ELECTRICITY ,MONKS - Abstract
Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Von der Empfindung zum Ding an sich – Idealismus-Kritik bei Kant und Riehl (mit einem Ausblick auf den amerikanischen Realismus des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts).
- Author
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Neuber, Matthias
- Subjects
CRITICAL realism ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,REHABILITATION ,REALISM ,IDEALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. ИМАНУЕЛ КАНТ ЗА СВОБОДАТА КАТО МОРАЛНА КАТЕГОРИЯ.
- Author
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МИХАЙЛОВ, НИКОЛАЙ
- Subjects
- *
PHILOSOPHERS , *LIBERTY , *PUBLICITY , *ANNIVERSARIES - Abstract
The article is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of the great German thinker and philosopher Immanuel Kant and analyzes his conceptions of the moral category of freedom. Based on a review and analysis of the philosopher's ideas in the three "critiques" and his other writings, an attempt is made to determine the specificity of Kant's under- standing of moral freedom, as well as to find the connections it makes to some modern dimensions of the problem. Comments of Bulgarian and foreign philosophers on the relevant topic, which enrich the existing knowledge on the problem, are also examined. Conclusions concern the enduring importance of Kantian ideas for modern notions of freedom, publicity, independence, and the significance of truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. REVOLUTION IN SOCIAL SCIENCES CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND THE CONDITIONS OF LEGITIMATE PHILOSOPHY ACCORDING TO IMMANUEL KANT: EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACH.
- Author
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FAYSSAL, Ziat
- Subjects
SOCIAL revolution ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,POSTMODERNISM (Philosophy) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,MODERNITY - Abstract
The study aims to highlight critical philosophy as an epistemological approach, which was founded by the German philosopher Kant and which is considered among the philosophies that contributed significantly to the transfer of philosophical discourse from the stage of modernity to the stage of post-modernism. If the problem of existence was the main problem in philosophy in the past, then modern philosophical thought has been preoccupied with the problem of knowledge, and the philosopher Kant is considered to be the one who preoccupied it when he resorted to criticism, and in this way the great philosophical system that Immanuel Kant left behind was shaped like the Copernican revolution and an epistemological revolution at the level of the human and social sciences. The study used the analytical critical approach in order to reach the first causes of all scientific knowledge, and to dismantle the complex into its parts according to the Greek proposition, all to criticize and analyze critical philosophy, its problems, and its historical importance. The study reached the main results, which are that critical philosophy has great importance and an important place in Modern and contemporary philosophical thought, as it highlights the role of Kant's critical ideas in addressing the issue of the principles of reason and thinking and the nature of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
23. Extensive Clarity in Baumgarten's Poetics and Aesthetics.
- Author
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McQuillan, J. Colin
- Subjects
- *
AESTHETICS , *POETICS , *EIGHTEENTH century , *MARRIAGE , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
Anglophone philosophers have shown a surprising interest in Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten's aesthetics in recent years. At the same time, new approaches to aesthetics have been proposed that come very close to the original conception of aesthetics that Baumgarten introduced in the middle of the eighteenth century. In light of these developments, this article undertakes a critical examination of a central concept in Baumgarten's poetics and aesthetics—extensive clarity. It argues that historians of philosophy and contemporary aestheticians should be wary of this concept for two reasons. First, in Baumgarten's poetics, the extensive clarity of sensible representations constitutes a dubious standard with which to determine whether those representations are "poetic." Second, in aesthetics, using extensive clarity as an alternative standard with which to determine the perfection of sensible cognition undermines the "marriage of reason and experience" that characterized the Leibnizian-Wolffian philosophy and raises the specter of dualism that Kant tried, with questionable success, to address in the 'Schematism' chapter of the Critique of Pure Reason. The article concludes that historians of philosophy should acknowledge the philosophical shortcomings of Baumgarten's conception of extensive clarity and contemporary aesthetics should not reproduce them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
24. The Problem of Realism in Vihalemm.
- Author
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Lindholm, Juho
- Subjects
- *
REALISM , *PHILOSOPHY of science , *ANALYTIC philosophy , *MARXIST philosophy , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
The Estonian philosopher Rein Vihalemm (1938-2015) wished to reform realism in the philosophy of science. He was dissatisfied with the mainstream analytic philosophy of science--scientific realism and the various anti-realisms alike. He considered these approaches theory-driven and hence too distanced from actual scientific practice. His alternative, which he called practical realism, was inspired and influenced by Joseph Rouse's original reading of Thomas Kuhn. Moreover, Vihalemm viewed as important some lessons from Marxism, which was prevalent in Estonian philosophy during the Soviet occupation. For him, Marx himself inaugurated practical realism with his novel notion of practice that does not consider agency distinct from nature. He also mentions Kant, interpreted in a realistic manner, as a significant influence for his thesis that concepts only apply to practice. In this article, I will critically examine practical realism from the standpoint of classical pragmatism. My primary question is: what kind of realism practical realism can possibly be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Cosmopsychology around 1900: Paul Scheerbart in the context of Plato, Cusanus, Kant, Fechner, and Lovelock.
- Author
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Thiel, Detlef
- Subjects
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EARTH (Planet) , *PHILOSOPHERS , *TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *MILITARISM , *REALISM , *PANPSYCHISM , *INTUITION - Abstract
Paul Scheerbart (1863–1915) is rarely referred to as a philosopher. He is known as the author of Glasarchitektur (1914), and of numerous books, essays, and stories of "fantasy" and anti-militarism. As a follower of Berkeley's skepticism, he proposed an aesthetic of the fantastic, an art program in contrast to current realism and impressionism. Studying technical and scientific progress, he developed alternative ideas, in a unique blend of fiction and science. His "astro-" or "cosmopsychology" is a variant of ancient panpsychism or, as Jan Assmann calls it, cosmotheism, which was suppressed by the "Mosaic distinction," the introduction of true and false in things religious. Exponents of this dualism are the supporters of the "Great chain of being" (Lovejoy): Plato, Nicholas of Cusa, and Kant in his refutation of hylozoism. The late Kant, however, comes close to Scheerbart in calling planet Earth an "organic," though not "living" body. Fechner and, after him, Scheerbart overcome such hesitation. In Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis, scrutinized by Bruno Latour, the old intuition of a non-dualistic eco-holism takes on its actual form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. ¿Hay derecho a mentir? La polémica Immanuel Kant-Benjamin Constant sobre la existencia de un deber incondicionado de decir la verdad.
- Author
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Arroyo, Nantu
- Subjects
DUTY ,PHILOSOPHERS ,ETHICS - Abstract
Copyright of Argumenta Philosophica is the property of Herder Editorial S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
27. IMMANUEL KANT ȘI RESURSELE INFERENȚIONALE.
- Author
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ILIESCU, GABRIEL
- Subjects
- *
KANTIAN ethics , *LOGIC , *PHILOSOPHERS , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
The question that concerns us here is whether the inferentional resources available today allow us unequivocally demonstrate the existence of God. During Kant’s lifetime there were no such inferences that would allow such a goal reaching of such a goal to be reached. The logic situation has changed. We distinguish two periods of logic: the Kantian period and the post-kantian period. In this second period, is such a valid reasoning with true premisses posible, that allows deducing of the conclusion “God exists” as a true conclusion? We suppose the negative answer. The conclusion could have a separate status. This is due to the incompletnesss of our our knowlwdge. That means we cluod be dealing with an unprovable truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
28. GENIUL ȘI PERFECȚIUNEA CUNOAȘTERII ÎN LOGICA LUI KANT.
- Author
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LUCACI, FLOREA
- Subjects
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LOGIC , *PHILOSOPHERS , *THEORY of knowledge , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
A thought-provoking matter from Immanuel Kant’s Introduction to the General Logic is the question of the relationship between logic and knowledge, and related to that of the “aesthetic and logical perfection of knowledge.” Moreover, from the perspective of what we understand today by the science of logic, it seems even strange that Immanuel Kant introduces genius into his analysis as a guarantor of the perfection of knowledge, implicitly of the truth of a knowledge. It would be understood that the purpose of a philosopher of genius would be to contribute to the historical progress of knowledge through his work, deepening it with valid-convincing arguments, but also aesthetically-captivating, even seductive, thus contributing to the creation of a "rational" society ” by spreading culture among the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
29. Kant y la conciencia moral. Un comentario de los textos principales.
- Author
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de Haro Romo, Vicente
- Subjects
- *
CONSCIOUSNESS , *PHILOSOPHERS , *SCHOLARLY method , *AUTHORS - Abstract
The article analyzes the work of philosopher Alejandro G. Vigo on moral consciousness in the works of Immanuel Kant. The relevance and depth of Vigo's book are highlighted, as well as his clarity and precision in explaining the topics. The article is divided into four chapters that address different aspects of moral consciousness in Kant's philosophy, from its evolution to its relationship with other key concepts. The importance of moral consciousness as an inner tribunal is emphasized, and the author's erudition and ability to bring new perspectives to the study of this topic in Kant are praised. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
30. Naturalism Reification and Interpretation: with Reference to Quine's Position.
- Author
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Cheng, Chung-ying
- Subjects
- *
REIFICATION , *QUANTUM mechanics , *RELATIVITY (Physics) , *NATURALISM , *TEST interpretation , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
This paper is motivated by a question of naturalized epistemology of W. V. Quine and the question is how a naturalistic account gives rise to theoretical understanding with its realistic ontology. I concentrate on the possibility of the principle of reification by way of interpretation and the point is how we interpret interpretation in a naturalistic account. First, we must distinguish between Quine and Carnap based upon the distinction of interpretation versus reduction. Second, we should take seriously the function of observation and the consequent interpretation with regard to reality and ontological understanding. This article also exams the positions of Descartes, Kant and recent philosophers Gadamer and Davidson. In doing so, some test cases of interpretation analyze in particular the case of "anomalous monism". Finally, this paper makes effort to focus on quantum mechanics as an object of naturalistic interpretation, although it is itself a naturalistic interpretation of classical physics and relativity based upon observation of new features of reality. In conclusion, the Yijing philosophy of change is cited as a possible, useful and meaningful interpretation of quantum mechanics just as quantum mechanics could be a useful and meaningful interpretation of the Yijing 's onto-cosmology (which theory I had established two decades ago). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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31. Kyiv Academic Philosophers of the 19th century: Dialogue with Kant about Education.
- Author
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Kuzmina, Svitlana and Avdieieva, Svitlana
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHY of education ,THEOLOGICAL anthropology ,PHILOSOPHERS ,PHILOSOPHY education ,NINETEENTH century ,PERSONALITY (Theory of knowledge) - Abstract
This article attempts to present the dialogue between 19th-century Kyiv academic philosophers and Kant regarding the issues related to the "pedagogical paradox" formulated in his Lectures on Pedagogy. The main finding is the specific contributions made by Kyiv academics to Kant's reasoning about education. Such a peculiarity was defined by the educational paradigm based on the requirements of the Charters of the Russian theological academies, which mandated that all philosophical doctrines be considered from the perspective of Orthodox Christian dogma. This approach led to the recognition of the child's full right to humanity, thereby reinforcing Kant's postulate on the universal significance of education. Simultaneously, it expanded the possibilities for overcoming the contradiction of the pedagogical paradox, allowing Kyiv academic philosophers to pose a fundamental question about how to create a space of freedom in education. By acknowledging the capacity for moral freedom as inherent in the child's nature, the strategic logic of pedagogical interaction in the reasoning of Kyiv academics shifted from Kant's "active expectation" -- where the child intellectually matures to understand moral ideas -- to a logic of "interactive support," where educators assist the child in realizing their personhood through accessible forms of moral activity. Consequently, within the context of these discussions, the theme of pedagogical creativity emerged prominently in the Kyiv philosophical and pedagogical discourse of the 19th century, underscoring the impossibility of standard solutions in a field where freedom and necessity are constantly negotiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Kant on the Sensual and Rational Factors of Human Actions: A ?sychological and Transcendental Analysis.
- Author
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Kozlovskyi, Viktor
- Subjects
PRACTICAL reason ,FACTOR analysis ,DOGMATISM ,PHILOSOPHERS ,METAPHYSICS - Abstract
The article examines Immanuel Kant's psychological and transcendental analysis of the factors that determine human actions in different ways and with different strengths. Based on the works, in particular, Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, as well as lecture notes and notes of the German philosopher, it was possible to study the interaction between the sensual determination of human actions -- stimuli, affects and passions, and the rational determination of human actions-motives, imperatives, and freedom. We investigate how Immanuel Kant preserves the basic meaning of freedom in the interweaving and interaction of various factors that significantly influence human actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Moment of the Sublime in Marc Richir's Phenomenology.
- Author
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Chu, Ming Hon
- Subjects
AESTHETICS ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,PHILOSOPHERS ,PAINTERS ,POETS - Abstract
In the final years of his life, the Belgian phenomenologist Marc Richir started to question if philosophical writing would become pointless when artists, great poets for example, have already achieved so well what philosophers have always aspired to achieve. There is no doubt that Richir considers himself in alliance with artists, since he basically believes that "phenomenology is trying to say the same thing as poets or musicians, or even possibly painters, but with philosophical language". He seems thereby to imply that phenomenology is destined to become self-aware as a sort of art. There is no surprise in this regard if we notice how frequently, throughout his entire career of philosophical production, he employs the Kantian term of the sublime to express what constitutes the phenomenon as nothing but phenomenon. This article goes through his phenomenological interpretation of Kantian aesthetics, his elaboration of the affinity between phenomenology and art, and then his genealogical conception of art, in order to introduce an original thought on what he calls "the moment of the sublime". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. El pensamiento estético de Adorno y su diálogo con Kant y Hegel.
- Author
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Ciriero, Mikel Martínez
- Subjects
ART theory ,HEGELIANISM ,PHILOSOPHERS ,REFLEXIVITY ,AESTHETICS ,CRITICISM - Abstract
Copyright of Laocoonte is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Estetica y Teoria de las Artes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cavilaciones no kantianas en torno a Sobre pedagogía.
- Author
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Delgado-Osuna, Emanuel
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,DISCOURSE ,AUTHORS ,DESIGN - Abstract
Copyright of Pedagogía y Saberes is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Recursividad y contingencia.
- Author
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Campillos Morón, Luis Ángel
- Subjects
CYBERNETICS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,AUTHORS ,CREATIVE ability - Abstract
Copyright of Endoxa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
37. ARTIFICIALIDADE E INSUFICIÊNCIA DA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE KANT QUANTO AOS ARGUMENTOS TEÍSTAS.
- Author
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Ramos, Eduardo and Soares dos Santos, Arthur Henrique
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS ,THEOLOGIANS ,CLASSIFICATION ,DIALECTIC ,OBJECTIONS (Evidence) ,PROOF of God - Abstract
Copyright of Aufklärung: Revista de Filosofia is the property of Aufklarung: Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. OS RECÔNDITOS DA MODERNIDADE: HISTÓRIA E UTOPIA EM KANT E ADORNO.
- Author
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Duarte Araújotor, Alan
- Subjects
CRITICAL theory ,MODERNITY ,PHILOSOPHERS ,UTOPIAS ,LIBERTY - Abstract
Copyright of Aufklärung: Revista de Filosofia is the property of Aufklarung: Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Valentin Asmus's historico-philosophical articles in the journal "Pod znamenem marksizma": between philosophy and ideology.
- Author
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Besschetnova, Elena V.
- Subjects
- *
PERIODICAL articles , *DIALECTICAL materialism , *PHILOSOPHERS , *INTUITION , *COSMOGONY , *IDEOLOGY - Abstract
The article discusses the original critical dialectical approach of the Soviet philosopher Valentin F. Asmus. His publications on the heritage of Western philosophical thought in the journal Pod znamenem marksizma are examples of this approach. In the 1920s and 1930s, Asmus published a number of articles analyzing a variety of the ideas developed by Western European philosophers: "An Advocate for Philosophical Intuition (Bergson and His Critique of the Intellect)" (1926); "The Alogism of William James" (1927); "The Dialectics of Necessity and Freedom in Spinoza's Ethics" (1927); "Kant's General and Transcendental Logic" (1928); "Cosmogony and Cosmology of Descartes" (1937); "Fichte and the Vocation of Scholar" (1937); "Nicholas of Cusa. Selected Philosophical Works" (1938); and "Tommaso Campanella" (1939). These articles differed from the journal's usual rhetoric, which was shaped in accordance with the official Soviet state ideology. Asmus, through the thinkers he examined, showed the fundamental importance of philosophy for the human personality. This article argues that Asmus, despite his closeness to dialectical materialism, adapted the official terminology and issues in his historical and philosophical articles in a way that he advanced the human right to spirituality, creative activity, and individual freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. How to Reason Beyond Reason? Toward a Philosophical Understanding of Madness.
- Author
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Kusters, Wouter
- Subjects
- *
MENTAL health , *SELF-efficacy , *PSYCHIATRY , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
This article delves into the philosophical understanding of madness, examining the perspectives of various philosophers including Locke, Kant, Wigan, and Heinroth. The author proposes a more nuanced view of mental health, highlighting the concepts of sanity, madness, and idiocy as interconnected rather than as a simple absence of reason. They argue that madness should be seen as a distortion or alteration of reason, rather than a complete lack thereof. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing and empathizing with individuals experiencing mental health conditions, and suggests that a positive perspective on madness can be achieved by moving beyond explanations based on deficiency or weakness. Additionally, the text analyzes a fragment from Kant's Anthropology, focusing on the concept of madness and its different forms. The author explores the idea of "deranged reason" as a distinct type of madness, and discusses the need to consider diverse perspectives and embodiments of reason. They also highlight the limitations of psychologizing philosophy within the field of psychiatry, and propose a historical-philosophical approach as an alternative philosophy of psychiatry that can empower individuals with personal experiences of madness. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Kant's Racism as a Philosophical Problem.
- Author
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Ramsauer, Laurenz
- Subjects
- *
RACISM , *ETHICS , *EUGENICS , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
Immanuel Kant was possibly both the most influential racist and the most influential moral philosopher of modern, Western thought. So far, authors have either interpreted Kant as an "inconsistent egalitarian" or as a "consistent inegalitarian." On the former view, Kant failed to draw the necessary conclusions about persons from his own moral philosophy; on the latter view, Kant did not consider non‐White people as persons at all. However, both standard interpretations face significant textual difficulties; instead, I argue that Kant's moral egalitarianism is so thin as to remain almost entirely useless as an antidote to racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Karin de Boer: Kant's Reform of Metaphysics: The Critique of Pure Reason Reconsidered. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 273 p. ISBN 978-1-108-84217-4.
- Author
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Walschots, Michael
- Subjects
AFRIKANERS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,METAPHYSICS ,REFORMS ,CRITICISM ,TRANSCENDENTALISM (Philosophy) - Abstract
Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Simon Critchley'in Kant ve Levinas'ın Etik Anlayışlarına Yönelik Yorumlarının Değerlendirilmesi.
- Author
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Selim, Ferdi
- Subjects
- *
CAUSES of action , *PHILOSOPHERS , *ETHICS - Abstract
Kant and Levinas deserve serious analysis when the ethical views of both philosophers are concerned. In this study, it is aimed to critically examine the views of Critchley, who brought up such an effort in a unique context, and to open it up for discussion on a rich philosophical ground. Known for his studies on ethics, Critchley speaks of an ethical experience that starts with the approval of the relevant moral demand and points to the tension of the subject, whether the cause of action is one's own faculties, as in Kant's philosophy, or an external force, as in Levinas's views. The main purpose of the study is to introduce and critically analyze these claims of Critchley, who claims that similar forms of this view are also found in related philosophers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Legal Obligation, Criminal Wrongdoing, and Necessity.
- Author
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Newhouse, M. E.
- Subjects
OBEDIENCE (Law) ,STATUTES ,JURISPRUDENCE ,CRIMINAL law ,PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
Individuals sometimes do things that they know will violate the terms of a statute. Most scholars deny that such actions are always morally wrong, but a coherent theoretical account of the relationships between 1) moral obligation, 2) legal obligation, and 3) criminal wrongdoing that can robustly classify hard cases has been elusive. This article starts with a Kantian account of the relationship between law and morality, and it proposes two closely related standards: one for legal obligation, and another for criminal wrongdoing. It then tests the plausibility and resilience of these standards by using them to generate illuminating new analyses of classic hypothetical cases involving alleged crimes committed under circumstances of necessity. These analyses offer reason to believe that the standards proposed in this article can anchor a Kantian theory of criminal responsibility that is simultaneously rigorous and humane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. O percurso Kant-Blumenbach/Hamann-Humboldt e a filosofia da linguagem: som articulado, teleologia e metáforas do organismo.
- Author
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Domingues, Taciane
- Subjects
- *
SPIRITUAL formation , *TELEOLOGY , *PHILOSOPHERS , *HUMAN beings , *METAPHOR - Abstract
This study aims to support the translation of Bildungstrieb as "formative drive" in Wilhelm von Humboldt's On the diversity of linguistic constructions and its influence in the spiritual development of mankind, 1836. The taken direction was given by the Neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer (among others), for whom Humboldt mobilizes essential concepts from Immanuel Kant's philosophy; thus, through philological comparison between Kant and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach's critical fortunes and Humboldt's work, the concept of "formative drive" was mapped as one that marked the debate on organized bodies in the investigation of nature. To theorize the formation of the articulated sound, Humboldt takes inspiration from Kant and Blumenbach's debate, for whom the autonomy of living matter and the status of its development answer to the formative drive -- a natural force that unites the mechanical one, as described by Newtonian laws, to the teleological one, in which something is cause and effect at the same time. As a result, teleology is fundamental to Humboldt's reflection on the articulated sound, thus opposed to the arbitrary nature of the linguistic sign. Furthering Humboldt's proximity to Kant and Blumenbach's debate on nature, in Humboldt's work there are metaphors of the organism; metaphors became the focus of the philosopher Johann Georg Hamann critics to Kant in one of the first reflections on language's role in the Kantian critical project (reflections adhered by Humboldt). Thus, the trajectory Kant-Blumenbach/Hamann-Humboldt explains Humboldt's usage of a metaphor of organism to assert language's status as the formative organ of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
46. Sich-bestimmen-Lassen: Zum philosophischen Grundgedanken von Martin Seel.
- Author
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Habermas, Jürgen
- Subjects
- *
PHILOSOPHY of language , *LITERARY form , *THEORY of knowledge , *PHILOSOPHERS , *CONCORD , *AESTHETICS - Abstract
With a philosopher like Martin Seel, reflecting this closely on the literary form in which to present his ideas, it is not surprising that philosophy of language makes for a focus of interest. Since my own interest also points in this direction, I will start with Seel’s groundbreaking essay on literal and figurative speech (I). I will then deal with the concept of ›letting oneself be determined‹ as the pivotal point of Martin Seel’s philosophy (II). The resulting pragmatist understanding of sociocultural forms of life has important consequences for the way in which Seel detranscendentalizes Kant’s epistemology (III). Finally, I will critically examine the conception of a practical philosophy developing aesthetics and morality out of the fundamental question of ethics (IV). In this conception, a self-image of philosophy oriented towards the unity of the true, the good and the beautiful. In my opinion, however, Martin Seel neglects history as a dimension in which reason leaves its traces (V). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
47. Arguments with fictional philosophers: Spengler's Kant and the conceptual foundations of Spengler's early philosophy of history.
- Author
-
Swer, Gregory Morgan
- Subjects
- *
PHILOSOPHY of history , *PHILOSOPHERS , *ARGUMENT , *EUROCENTRISM , *PHILOSOPHICAL anthropology - Abstract
Most commentators on Spengler's philosophy tend to focus on the details of his cyclical theory of world-history, according to which history should be understood in terms of the rise and fall of great cultures. I argue that Spengler's philosophy of history is itself an expression of his primary concern with philosophical analysis of the structures of human consciousness, and that an awareness of Spengler's account of the existential structures of subjective consciousness enables one to grasp the reasoning behind some of the key features of his philosophy of history, such as his cultural isolation hypothesis and critique of Eurocentric historiography. I further argue that the way to access Spengler's theory of consciousness, and the ways in which it informs his philosophy of history, is via his critical engagement with the Kant character that recurs in the first volume of The Decline of the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Influence of Kant's Epistemology on Kierkegaard.
- Author
-
Saberi, Soroush and Karbasizadeh, Ali
- Subjects
- *
THEORY of knowledge , *PROOF of God , *NATURAL theology , *CONTEMPLATION , *HUMAN beings , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
There could be various comparative studies between Kant and Kierkegaard on fields like human knowledge, ethics, faith, art, etc. This paper aims to compare the two philosopher's epistemology through their writings. The main common ground of Kant's and Kierkegaard's epistemology is their belief in the idea of a "fissure" between theory and practice, which constitutes the core of their contemplations on human knowledge. This article shows that Kant's theory of knowledge paved the way for Kierkegaard to describe his notions of the "fissure" between being and thought. Thus, it will be shown that Kant and Kierkegaard have been led to believe in the finitude of human beings in knowledge by this split. Then, it will be demonstrated that Kierkegaard, following Kant, distinguishes "being" from "essence" and "actuality" from "ideality". Finally, we argue that Kant's critique of the traditional proofs of God's existence anticipates Kierkegaard's conflict with natural theology and his idea that traditional demonstrations are useless for a believer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. SOBRE DIALEKTIK: PROBLEMGESCHICHTE VON DER ANTIKE BIS ZUR GEGENWART DE HANS HEINZ HOLZ.
- Author
-
ANDREU BALDÓ, VENANCIO
- Subjects
- *
PRAXIS (Process) , *PHILOSOPHERS , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *DIALECTIC , *SCARCITY - Abstract
The article criticizes the lack of recognition of the Marxist philosopher Hans Heinz Holz in the Hispanic sphere and highlights the scarcity of translations of his work into Spanish. The main topics addressed by Holz in his work are mentioned, such as the nature of philosophical knowledge and dialectics as a key category of Marxist ontology. The text also discusses different philosophical currents throughout history, from Antiquity to the Enlightenment, and mentions the influence of Descartes on Kant and Fichte. The importance of Holz for emancipatory theory and praxis is emphasized, although some aspects in which the author disagrees with him are pointed out. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
50. LAS ANGUSTIAS DE LA ALIENACIÓN EN EL JOVEN HEGEL: KANT, JUDAÍSMO Y CRISTIANISMO.
- Author
-
Grupillo, Arthur
- Subjects
JUDAISM ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,PHILOSOPHERS ,CONCORD ,OPTIMISM ,SUFFERING ,FATE & fatalism ,HAPPINESS - Abstract
Copyright of Agora (0211-6642) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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