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Triterpenoids, known for their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hypoglycemic properties, are the major bioactive components in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja. Selecting elite individuals with high triterpenoids content is the basis of C. paliurus industry for medicinal use. In this study, seasonal variation patterns of total triterpenoids and five triterpene monomers accumulation for three groups with different total triterpenoid contents (TTC; H: 59.74-64.03 mg g -1 ; M: 47.66-57.08 mg g -1 , and L: 35.26-42.22 mg g -1 ) were surveyed. Seasonal expression dynamics of 6 key genes relevant to triterpenoids biosynthesis, including HMGR, DXR, SQS, SE, LUS, and β-AS, were described by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for three groups. The expression levels of HMGR, SE, LUS, and β-AS genes in group H were higher than in groups M and L. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that they were significantly positively correlated with triterpene accumulation, and the expression level of SE gene not only was significantly correlated with downstream genes, but also exhibited a linear relationship with TTC, especially in September. These results suggest that SE gene could serve as an effective make for screening elite individuals with high TTC from the germplasm of C. paliurus for medicinal use. Further testing on randomly selected individuals in next September proved the feasibility and reliability of SE gene in assisted selection. Also, we successfully cloned the full-length cDNA of SE. Thus, our work provides an efficient way to attain superior genotypes to develop medicinal industry of C. paliurus in practice., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings were cultivated in three types of lead (Pb)-contaminated soils with Pb concentration of 305 ± 17 mg/kg (T1), 1964 ± 59 mg/kg (T2) and 3502 ± 107 mg/kg (T3), respectively. The results showed that after 180 days of cultivation, the contents of exchangeable and carbonate-bound Pb fractions significantly decreased in T1 and T2, but increased in T3. The growth indices of C. paliurus seedlings decreased with increasing Pb concentration; however, no difference was found between that in T1 and in Pb-free soil. The Pb concentration in the roots was an order of magnitude higher than that in the stems and in the leaves. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of the leaves was the lowest among the three tissues investigated, and decreased with the higher concentration of Pb in the soils. These results suggest that C. paliurus can be used as a sustainable and profitable plant for the phytomanagement of Pb-contaminated soil.

In this study, ultrafiltration membrane process was employed to separate polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (C. paliurus) to simulate industrial production. Meanwhile, the molecular weight distribution of C. paliurus polysaccharides was investigated by gel permeation chromatography. Four fractions were obtained and named as CPPS-A, CPPS-B, CPPS-C and CPPS-D, respectively. CPPS-A and CPPS-B contained approximately 69.5% and 12.7% of polysaccharides, whose molecular weight were in the range of 100-300 kDa and 120 kDa, respectively. CPPS-C was comprised of two polysaccharides with average molecular weight of 40 kDa and 15 kDa. Results showed that ultrafiltration resulted in the removal of parts of small molecule weight polysaccharides, the increase of proportion of high molecule weight ones and the obvious improvement of quality of products. Compared with ethanol precipitation and gel permeation chromatography techniques, ultrafiltration showed many advantages, and also provided theoretical support for industrial manufacturing of C. paliurus polysaccharides in separation., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of monosaccharide composition in Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide was developed and validated. This method was based on hydrolysis of the polysaccharides followed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography analysis. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration and column temperature on retention and separation of the monosaccharide were investigated with Carbo PAC™ PA10 analytical column. The established method was validated and the results showed that this method had good linearity (R(2), 0.9987-0.9999), adequate accuracy (98.53-102.13% recovery), high precision (relative standard deviation <3.8%) and sensitive detection limits (2.57-7.86 nM), with a simple preparation of the samples (no need to derivatize the samples) and short run time (20 min). The results showed that the C. paliurus polysaccharide consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose in the molar ratio of 1.00:1.85:3.26:3.12:0.85:0.29., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: The contents of 18 kinds of mineral elements in Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide samples were determined by ICP-AES. The limits of detection (LOD) of the method for 18 elements were in the range of 0.01–3.80mg/kg. The average recoveries obtained by the standard addition method were found between 94.34% and 105.69% (RSD, 1.01–4.23%). The results showed that C. paliurus polysaccharides were abundant in major and trace elements which are healthy for human body. The contents of Ca, Al, Mg, K, Fe, Mn and P were very high, ranging from 274.5±10.3 to 5980.0±102.7mg/kg, while the contents of Zn, Na, Se, Cr, Pb, Cu and As ranged from 0.9±0.1 to 37.1±4.2mg/kg. Finally, the levels of Ni, Cd, V and Co were not detected in the samples. ICP-AES is a simple, precise and efficient method for the determination of many mineral elements in polysaccharide samples simultaneously. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Recently, renewed interest has grown in the use of ultrasonic-assisted extraction as an alternative approach to the traditional extraction methods. In this study, this novel extraction method was used to isolate polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja, and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions. The optimal conditions for the extraction of polysaccharides were determined to be the ratio of liquid to solid of 8, extraction time of 59min and extraction temperature of 58°C. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of polysaccharides obtained was 4.91±0.11%, which was well matched with the value predicted by the model. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the polysaccharides exhibited strong DPPH radicals (92.09% at 0.25mg/ml) and self-oxidation of 1,2,3-phentriol (37.22% at 1mg/ml) scavenging activities, moderate hydroxyl radicals (43.18% at 1mg/ml) scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect (31.66% at 1mg/ml). In addition, the polysaccharides showed moderate antimicrobial activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An advanced oxidation process, ultrasound/H2O2 oxidation was used for the decolorization of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja polysaccharides (CPP). The effects of main operating parameters including initial concentration of CPP solution, dosages of H2O2, temperature, pH and ultrasonic irradiation on the decolorization efficiency of CPP were investigated and the optimum operational conditions of the process were also evaluated. Furthermore, HPLC, Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) and NMR spectra methods were applied to analyze the components and structure changes of CPP. Results showed that ultrasound/H2O2 oxidation process represented good decolorizing ability on CPP. The optimum operational conditions were determined as follows: concentrations of the polysaccharide solution, 0.5mg/ml; H2O2, 0.623mM; temperature, 40°C; pH, 9.0. Under these conditions, the decolorization efficiency was reached to 84.1%. The results of HPLC, FT-IR and NMR analysis indicated that ultrasound/H2O2 oxidation process did not result in any significant change in the structure of CPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]