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Online program design is important for cross-cultural learning and cultural awareness and responsiveness. Because of the importance of these areas in journalism and similar fields, this research studies an intercultural "bridge" project with journalism and media-related students at a southwest U.S. university and four universities in Yemen. The paper presents an analysis of the students' experience of the cultural exchange on the platform, Slack, of journalism, and other types of media. Data demonstrated the impact of learning about each culture, and interculturally, through students' and instructors' perspectives versus news coverage provided by mainstream media. Intercultural bridge building and relationship development through collective activities and journalistic work also offered promise. The study also revealed impediments to seamless cultural exchanges and learning, and barriers to effective intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), in its manifesto, promised a free and independent media with an autonomous Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) which does not become a tool in the hands of the ruling party (Insaf, 2018). The present study examines the increased control of the PTI government and the military on media outlets, independent journalists, artists, and literary figures around the country. The paper also discusses the rebalancing of power structure and political dynamics in Pakistan, along with the role of presidential ordinances: Pakistan Media Development Authority (PMDA) and amendment to Prevention in Electronic Crimes Act (PECA), which aim to bolster control, curb the narrative, and further limit the freedom of expression. The paper investigates the institutionalization of these draconian regulations whose impact has already started to appear with the confiscation and setting ablaze of Urdu translations of Mohammad Hanif’s novel: A Case of Exploding Mangoes by unknown men in Karachi, a novel which illustrates the historical fictional account of General Zia’s last days as President of Pakistan (Hussain, 2020). Dawn, one of the country’s oldest newspapers, has been banned and denied distribution in army cantonments since 2018. It is hoped that the present study will create awareness regarding this shift of balance towards authoritarianism and provide factual understanding of the country’s current political milieu.

This exploratory study uses semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews (n = 32) with journalism educators at universities in Europe, Australia, North America, and the South Pacific to examine the current state of local news pedagogy. While these journalism educators understand the significance of the news desert crisis, their efforts to engage their students around the issue often fall short. Using an ecological framework of system theory, this paper argues that journalism higher education has largely failed in helping repair or preventing the crisis facing local news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Rooted in theories of radical media and social movements, this article explores the role of the Havana-based weekly anarchist newspaper ¡Tierra! in forging both a Cuban-wide and larger Caribbean-wide anarchist network from 1902-1915. Between 1898 and 1915, Cuban anarchists published no fewer than 15 newspapers, but ¡Tierra! was the longest-lived and most widely distributed. Besides distributing news and propaganda to workers in small towns, cities and mining communities across Cuba, these workers became key correspondents back to the Havana readership. Consequently, the paper became a crucial venue for readers across Cuba to communicate with one another and share tales of repression, compare conditions, and heighten awareness of the complexities of the island-wide struggle. In addition, a review of the newspaper finances reveals that the rural readership regularly provided between 35 and 60% of the urban paper's income. Also, the paper played a larger role as the journalistic hub for anarchists throughout the Caribbean. In particular, anarchist correspondents from Florida, Puerto Rico and the Panama Canal Zone contributed money and analyses about the status of the movements in those lands, providing readers throughout the distribution areas a means to compare their situations and develop a larger international consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au cœur de nos préoccupations, se trouve la mise en relief de la grande œuvre bazinienne et de ses racines dans l’autobiographie de l’écrivain, y compris son premier métier – celui de journaliste. Dans les deux volets de l’étude, nous nous sommes intéressé en particulier à l’analyse de deux textes qui ont déjà connu une adaptation cinématographique, mais aussi aux romans moins connus de l’auteur.The main focus of this paper delves into the great work of Hervé Bazin and its roots in the autobiography of the writer, including his first job, as a journalist. In both of the branches of my paper, we were particularly interested in the analysis of two of the novels that have already had a film adaptation, but also in the less-known novels of the author.

FR. En 1870, lorsqu’éclate la guerre entre la France et la Prusse, le reportage de guerre n’existe pas encore sous la forme contemporaine. Les journaux quotidiens couvrent pourtant ce conflit de près, en envoyant des correspondants sur le terrain. Depuis le début de l’ère médiatique1, c’est en effet la première guerre sur le sol français. Cet article se focalise sur le récit qui en fait par ces correspondants, français, dans l’optique de chercher à identifier comment s’y forme un « proto-reportage » de guerre. À partir de la perspective représentationnelle formulée par Louis Marin, l’article montre comment les récits de guerre produisent un « effet de sujet-reporter » et comment cette posture spécifique à la guerre contribue à faire évoluer le reportage. Partant du postulat que la guerre constitue un moment d’accélération et de densification de la poétique de ce genre journalistique en construction, l’analyse est centrée sur le méta-discours qui, dans les articles de cinq quotidiens français, Le Figaro, Le journal des débats politiques et littéraires, Le Petit Journal, La Liberté et Le Gaulois, accompagne la couverture des faits d’armes. Ce méta-discours permet de saisir l’affirmation d’une figure du proto-reporter de guerre, à travers le récit des difficultés à surmonter pour réussir à communiquer l’information au quotidien comme à travers son imbrication dans différentes figures du collectif, de l’armée française à la nation toute entière. Au long de ces deux axes, l’article met en lumière la participation de ce « proto-reportage » de guerre et, à travers lui, de la presse d’information à la structuration d’imaginaires nationaux et à la « biographie des nations », tels que théorisés par Benedict Anderson. *** EN. When the war between France and Prussia broke out in 1870 the so-called “war reportage” did not exist as it is known today. Yet, the daily newspapers closely followed and covered this conflict, by sending journalists on the battlefield. Since the beginning of the “media era” 2 this was the first war that took place on French soil. This paper focuses on the narrative of the war as it was written by the French journalists in order to identify how this narrative shaped a “proto war reportage”. From a representational perspective, based on the writings of Louis Marin, the article shows how war narratives produced a “subject-reporter effect” and how this war-specific posture contributed to the evolution of the reportage. With the assumption that war acts as an acceleration and densification process in the development of this journalistic genre the analysis focuses on the meta-discourse in five French newspapers (Le Figaro, Le journal des débats politiques et littéraires, Le Petit Journal, La Liberté and Le Gaulois) that went along with the coverage of military and war. This meta-discourse enables to understand the affirmation of the proto war reporter through the narrative of difficulties regarding the daily communication with the newsrooms as well as its affiliation to several collective imaginaries such as the greatness of the French army or the French nation. Along these two topics the article highlights how this “proto war reportage” and therefore the news press contributes to the construction of national imaginaries and the “biography of nations” as theorized by Benedict Anderson. *** PT. Em 1870, quando explode a guerra entre a França e a Prússia, a reportagem de guerra ainda não existe em sua forma contemporânea. Entretanto, os jornais diários já cobriam de perto o conflito, enviando correspondentes a campo. Desde o início da era midiática, essa foi, de fato, a primeira guerra em solo francês. Este artigo dá foco às narrativas apresentadas por esses correspondentes franceses, no intuito de mostrar como se forma uma "proto-reportagem" de guerra. Com base na perspectiva representacional formulada por Louis Marin, o artigo mostra como as narrativas de guerra produzem um "efeito de sujeito-repórter" e como essa postura específica frente à guerra contribuiu para a evolução da reportagem. Partindo da premissa de que a guerra constitui um momento de aceleração e densificação da poética desse gênero jornalístico em construção, a análise se concentra no meta-discurso que, nas matérias de cinco diários franceses, Le Figaro, Le journal des débats politiques et littéraires, Le Petit Journal, La Liberté e Le Gaulois, acompanha a cobertura dos conflitos armados. Pela análise desse meta-discurso, identifica-se a afirmação da figura do proto-repórter de guerra, que se manifestas tanto nos relatos das dificuldades enfrentadas para conseguir comunicar diariamente informações, como na relação com diferentes figuras do coletivo, do exército francês e da nação como um todo. Com base nessas duas perspectivas, o artigo destaca a participação dessa "proto-reportagem" de guerra e, por meio dela, da imprensa de notícias na estruturação dos imaginários nacionais e na "biografia das nações", tal como teorizou Benedict Anderson. ***

How was World War I represented in the Japanese press? How was it turned into a media event by journalists? As the journalism industry expanded rapidly and newspapers debated the "World War", the Asahi Shimbun dispatched two correspondents, Sugimura Sojinkan (1872-1945) and Ōba Kakō (1872- 1924), to cover the events unfolding in Europe. World War I was thus an opportunity for East Asia to picture the "world" in a global sense. This paper, which is based on war reports and debates on journalism, examines how the press provides readers with a fictional reality constructed from testimonies from the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines the media construction of a certain form of Islamic public visibility by analyzing the French regional and national press coverage of the "Burqa affair" (2009-2010) . By means of a semiotic approach, and with reference to the notions of "visibility-invisibility," "face," and "iconocrisis," the paper seeks to demonstrate how the Burqa affair raises questions about contemporary regimes of visibility and publicity (making public). Considering the media staging of Islam as a site of deployment of strategies of visibility, the article demonstrate show the niqab is (re) presented as both an ostentatious and an opaque sign, and as such, as the antithesis of a French Republican conception of national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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