7 results on '"Natives"'
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2. Willy-Nilly Baptisms and Chichimeca Freedoms: Missionary Disputes, Indigenous Desires and the 1695 O'odham Revolt.
- Author
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Bayne, Brandon
- Subjects
- *
PIMA Uprising, 1695 , *CHRISTIAN missionaries , *EVANGELISTIC work , *HISTORY , *SYMBOLISM in the Bible , *CONVERSION to Christianity ,JESUIT history - Abstract
This paper uses the 1695 revolt of the O'odham (Pima) in northern New Spain as a window into ritually inflected encounters between indigenous communities and European evangelists. A careful study of the diverse religious and military reports on the O'odham rebellion reveals a more complex rendering of native participation than the dichotomous options of conversion or rejection. Soldiers' journals, missionary letters, and official reports not only list possible reasons for the uprising, but also help explain the long periods of relative cooperation that preceded and followed it. Even as several O'odham rejected Christian symbols and rituals in 1695, they also welcomed missionaries with crosses, accepted baptism, celebrated feasts, and constructed churches before and after the revolt. At the same time, the uprising exposed internal Jesuit ambivalence about the authenticity of indigenous sacramental participation. While priests like Eusebio Kino believed in a patient and relatively tolerant approach to existing O'odham practices, others like Francisco Xavier Mora insisted on a more immediate and thoroughgoing transformation to European norms. This disagreement and the ensuing gap between early promises and actual implementation help explain shifting O'odham strategies for negotiating missionary encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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3. 'Filipinos' and Other Non-Spanish Missionaries During the Early Years of the Mariana Mission 1668-1673.
- Author
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de Viana, Augusto V.
- Subjects
- *
CHRISTIAN missionaries , *SPANIARDS , *CHRISTIANITY , *CULTURAL history , *HISTORY - Abstract
The establishment of Spain's colonies and Christian missions was carried out not only by the Spaniards themselves but by people from other lands and nationalities. These included "Filipinos" and natives from the Philippines. The Mariana Islands in the western Pacific was one of the areas of colonization and Christianization of the Spaniards. The establishment of the colony and mission in the islands was carried out by the Jesuits. The missionaries from this order wholeheartedly joined the enterprise and were responsible for setting up the colony as well as the present towns and villages in Guam, Saipan, Rota and Tinian. They lived a life of self-denial, humility and charity which they offered for the greater glory of God. They did not fear death but actually wished for it seeing it as a way to attain divine reward. A number of the missionaries gave up their lives as martyrs and others because of poor health. They lived giving service to others and accommodated others first before themselves. The rewards they sought were not of this earth. These could only be given by God in the afterlife. Their lives and strong faith serve as examples for present-day Christians. On the other hand, the missionaries were placed at the crossroads of civilization. In their desire to convert the natives, they had to eradicate native customs deemed as contrary to Christianity. This caused antagonism among the inhabitants they swore to serve. At the same time, the missionaries were part of Spain's colonizing force which ended the freedom of the natives which was a legacy from their forefathers. Like the members of the garrison the missionaries were given the same label of guirragos or barbarians by the inhabitants. Many of the missionaries were slain or injured in the armed Chamorro movements which were actually attempts to regain their lost freedom and the preservation of their ancestral practices. As missionaries the Jesuit priests and brothers took care of the people, taught them the ways of western civilization and recorded history. Such was their role in contributing to the present society of the Mariana Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
4. Belgian Missionaries in 17th Century Marianas: The Role of Fr. Peter Coomans and Fr. Gerard Bouwens.
- Author
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de Viana, Augusto V.
- Subjects
- *
CHRISTIAN missionaries , *CHRISTIANITY , *FAITH (Christianity) - Abstract
Belgians comprised some of the E uropean missionaries who helped administer the nascent Spanish colony in the Mariana islands. The Christian mission there was founded by Fr. Diego L uis de Sanvitores in 1668 and the task of conversion of the natives to the new faith was entrusted to the Jesuits. Missionaries from Belgium added to those from other nations such as Italy, Germany and Moravia. They were chosen because of their ability to endure harsh conditions. The first decades of the Marianas mission was fraught with extreme difficulties most especially the resistance of the natives to the changes brought by Christianity. Two missionaries, Fr. Peter Coomans and Fr. Balthazar Dubois, paid with their lives while serving as missionaries in the Marianas. Despite the difficulties, they sowed the seeds of the Christian mission in the island and ensured the continued existence of the colony. Fr. Coomans and Fr. Gerard Bouwens played an important part in the islands as superiors in the Mariana Mission. Fr. Bouwens later made recommendations for good governance in the islands. An important role played by these two missionaries was that they recorded the history of the colony and recorded some important aspects of the culture of the native Chamorro people and the challenges faced by the mission including the serious challenges such as the martyrdom of fellow missionaries and the native rebellions which lasted until 1695. For his important role in serving the mission, Fr. Bouwens was hailed as its second founder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
5. Las reducciones jesuitas en Chiquitos. Aspectos espacio-temporales e interpretaciones indígenas
- Author
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Martínez, Cecilia
- Subjects
Jesuïtes ,Natives ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,Reducciones ,Indígenas ,lcsh:HN1-995 ,Jesuits ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,Indígenes ,Missions ,Chiquitos ,Misiones ,lcsh:Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,Reduccions ,Reductions ,Jesuitas ,Chiquitos, Reduccions, Missions, Indígenes, Jesuïtes - Abstract
En aquest article s'analitzen les particularitats del procés reduccional portat endavant pels jesuïtes en Chiquitos. Es prenen en consideració, es descriuen i es comparen les activitats i els marcadors temporals i espacials que van estructurar la vida en societat dels indígenes abans i després de la seva reducció en pobles de missió, i les formes d'organització social a què cada mode de vida remet. La síntesi resultant de la combinació d'elements cristians i marques indígenes com a manifestació de noves formes de ser indígena i modalitats locals de cristianisme són abordades en la part final de l'article. This essay analyses the special features of the reduction process carried out by the Jesuits in Chiquitos (Bolivian lowlands). The activities and the temporal and spatial markers that structured the ways of life of natives are analyzed, described and compared in order to outline the forms of social organization before and during their reduction in villages. New ways of being indigenous and local patterns of Christianity that result of the combination of Christian and native cultural stocks are addressed at the end of the article. Resumen: En este artículo se analizan las particularidades del proceso reduccional llevado adelante por los jesuitas en Chiquitos. Se toman en consideración, se describen y se comparan las actividades y los marcadores temporales y espaciales que estructuraron la vida en sociedad de los indígenas antes y después de su reducción en pueblos de misión, y las formas de organización social a las que cada modo de vida remite. La síntesis resultante de la combinación de elementos cristianos y marcas indígenas en cuanto manifestación de nuevas formas de ser indígena y modalidades locales de cristianismo son abordadas en la parte final del artículo.
- Published
- 2015
6. La integración de los imperios ibéricos a través de los memoriales de Lorenzo de Mendoza
- Author
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Antonio Valiente Romero
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:DP1-402 ,jesuits ,natives ,lcsh:History of Spain ,notebooks ,Potosí ,Lorenzo de Mendoza ,Unión Ibérica ,indígenas ,bandeirantes ,jésuites ,Rio de Janeiro ,media_common ,Union ibérique ,jesuitas ,memoriales ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,requêtes ,Brasil ,Art ,Río de Janeiro ,Brésil ,indigènes ,lcsh:D ,Humanities ,Brazil - Abstract
En 1630, tras una amplia experiencia como sacerdote y comisario de la Inquisición en el virreinato del Perú, Lorenzo de Mendoza llegó a la corte, donde dio a la imprenta una serie de memoriales dirigidos a Felipe IV, todos ellos con el trasfondo común de un imperio global, integrado y estable. Los principales pilares de su visión de la monarquía eran el lugar que debían ocupar los portugueses y otros súbditos del monarca frente a los castellanos, la protección de los indígenas y la salvaguarda de las remesas de plata que anualmente traían las flotas.Estas exposiciones dieron lugar su nombramiento como prelado episcopal de Rio de Janeiro, donde procuró poner en práctica sus ideas integradoras, pero la fuerte reacción de las oligarquías coloniales portuguesas precipitó su regreso a Madrid pocos años después, donde, mediante una nueva serie de memoriales dio cuenta de todo lo acaecido. El análisis comparativo de estos textos aporta una perspectiva adicional sobre la problemática que entrañó la integración de los dominios coloniales portugueses y castellanos durante la etapa de la unión ibérica. In 1630, after he got a vast experience as a priest and commissioner of the Inquisition in the viceroyalty of Peru, Lorenzo de Mendoza arrive at court, where he printed several memorials addressed to Philip IV, all of them implying a common vision of a global, integrated and stable empire. This vision of the monarchy laid mainly in three points: the place Portuguese and other subjects of the monarch had to occupy in front of the Castellans, the protection of the indigenes and the protection of silver shipment that arrived every year with the fleet.For these statements, he was named episcopal prelate of Rio de Janeiro, here he tried to put into practice his integrating ideas. Nevertheless, the strong reaction of the Portuguese colonial oligarchies obliged him to come back soon to Madrid, a few years later. There, he told everything had happened to him in a new series of memorials. The comparative analysis of these texts brings a new perspective on the problematical integration of the Portuguese and Castellan colonies during the moment of the Iberian Union. En 1630, après une longue expérience comme prêtre et commissaire de l’Inquisition dans la vice-royauté du Pérou, Lorenzo de Mendoza est arrivé à la Cour où il a donné à l’imprimerie une série de requêtes adressées à Philippe IV, qui partageaient toutes la même vision d'un empire global, intégré et stable. Les principaux piliers de cette vision de la monarchie étaient le lieu que devaient occuper les portugais et d'autres sujets du monarque face aux Castillans, la protection des indigènes et la sauvegarde des remises en argent qu’apportaient annuellement les flottes.Cette série d’exposés a favorisé sa nomination comme prélat épiscopal de Rio de Janeiro, où il a essayé de mettre en pratique ses idées intégratrices. Cependant, la forte réaction des oligarchies coloniales portugaises a précipité son retour à Madrid quelques années après, où, au moyen d’une nouvelle série de requêtes il a rendu compte de tout ce qui lui était arrivé. L'analyse comparative de ces textes apporte un point de vue nouveau sur la problématique liée à l'intégration des domaines coloniaux portugais et castillans durant l'étape de l'Union ibérique.
- Published
- 2017
7. Ambiguedad de la imagen en la cristianización del Perú: trento, los jesuitas y el tercer concilio
- Author
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Jaime Valenzuela Márquez
- Subjects
jesuitas ,Jesuits ,natives ,Colonialism ,Concilio Limense ,Genealogy ,idolatries ,Imágenes ,Perú ,Geography ,Peru ,Images ,indígenas ,idolatrías ,Humanities - Abstract
En el contexto de la contrarreforma católica y de la consolidación de la colonización andina, se examina el uso misionero de las imágenes cristianas y las ambigüedades de su adopción e interpretación. El tema es enfocado a partir de la llegada de los jesuitas y, luego, bajo las directrices emanadas del tercer Concilio Limense. El autor se introduce, de esta forma, en uno de los temas más sugestivos de la historia colonial peruana: el proceso de cristianización en los siglos XVI y XVII., In the context of contrarreforma catholic and the consolidation of the Andean colonization, it is examined the use missionary of the Christian images and the ambiguities of his adoption and interpretation. The subject is focused from the arrival of the jesuitas and, soon, under the emanated directives of third Concilio Limense. The author introduces itself, of this form, in one of the most suggestive subjects of Peruvian colonial history: the process of cristianización in centuries XVI and XVII.
- Published
- 2006
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