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252. Ixodes woodi Bishopp, 1911. A Nearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Rodentia: Cricetidae, but they have also been collected from Soricomorpha: Soricidae; adult ticks alone have been recovered from Carnivora: Procyonidae, and Rodentia: Sciuridae; immature stages have been found on Carnivora: Mephitidae, and Rodentia: Geomyidae and Heteromyidae. Ixodes woodi is a very rare parasite of humans. M: Kohls (1950a) F: Bishopp (1911), under the name Ixodes angustus woodi, and given its current status in Cooley and Kohls (1945) N: Cooley and Kohls (1945) L: Robbins and Keirans (1987) Redescriptions M: Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Robbins and Keirans (1992) F: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Robbins and Keirans (1992) N: Robbins and Keirans (1987, 1992), Furman and Loomis (1984), Durden and Keirans (1996) L: Webb et al. (1990), Robbins and Keirans (1992), Kleinjan and Lane (2008) 253. Ixodes woyliei Ash, Elliot, Godfrey, Burmej, Abdad, Northover, Wayne, Morris, Clode, Lymbery and Thompson, 2017. An Australasian species whose females and nymphs are usually found on Diprotodontia: Potoroidae; nymphs alone have been collected from Peramelemorphia: Thylacomyidae (Ash et al. 2017). There are no records of Ixodes woyliei causing human parasitism. M: unknown F: Ash et al. (2017) N: Ash et al. (2017) L: unknown Redescriptions: none, Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 78-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Bishopp, F. C. (1911) Some new North American Ixodidae with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 24, 197 - 208.","Kohls, G. M. (1950 a) Description of the male of Ixodes woodi Bishopp (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 36, 65 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3273494","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.","Keirans, J. E. & Robbins, R. G. (1987) Amblyomma babirussae Schulze (Acari: Ixodidae): redescription of the male, female, and nymph and description of the larva. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, 646 - 659.","Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1","Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239.","Keirans, J. E. & Litwak, T. R. (1989) Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 435 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.5.435","Robbins, R. G. & Keirans, J. E. (1992) Systematics and ecology of the subgenus Ixodiopsis (Acari: Ixodidae: Ixodes). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology Monographs, 14, 1 - 159.","Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp.","Webb, J. P., Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L. (1990) The larval ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) of California. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 15, 73 - 124.","Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S. (2008) Larval keys to the genera of Ixodidae (Acari) and species of Ixodes (Latreille) [sic] ticks established in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84, 121 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2007 - 38.1","Ash, A., Elliot, A., Godfrey, S., Burmej, H., Abdad, M. Y., Northover, A., Wayne, A., Morris, K., Clode, P., Lymbery, A. & Thompson, R. C. A. (2017) Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 70), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 1997 - 8"]}

198. Ixodes redikorzevi Olenev, 1927a. Palearctic: 1) Afghanistan, 2) Armenia, 3) Azerbaijan, 4) Bulgaria, 5) China (north), 6) Egypt, 7) Georgia, 8) Greece, 9) Hungary, 10) Iran, 11) Israel, 12) Kazakhstan, 13) Kyrgyzstan, 14) Nepal (north and central), 15) Pakistan (west), 16) Romania, 17) Russia, 18) Tajikistan, 19) Turkey, 20) Turkmenistan, 21) Ukraine, 22) Uzbekistan (Warburton 1927, Feider 1965, Cwilich et al. 1967, Begum et al. 1970, Hoogstraal 1973a, Clifford et al. 1975 a, Filippova 1977, Yu et al. 1997, Coipan et al. 2011, Bursali et al. 2012, Fedorova 2012, Mihalca et al. 2012, Akramova et al. 2016, Dilbaryan & Hovhannisyan 2016, Tsapko 2017, Perfilyeva et al. 2020). As stated under Ixodes acuminatus, several authors have treated Ixodes redikorzevi as a synonym of Ixodes acuminatus, but both species are considered provisionally valid here. There are some records of Ixodes redikorzevi published under the names Ixodes diversicoxalis, Ixodes theodori, Ixodes transcaucasicus and Ixodes transcaucasicus hystrix, all synonyms of Ixodes redikorzevi in Guglielmone & Nava (2014), but Camicas et al. (1998) listed those three names as synonyms of Ixodes acuminatus. The geographic distribution of Ixodes redikorzevi is vast and unclear (Guglielmone & Robbins 2018) and mainly based on a study by Filippova (1977). The presence of Ixodes redikorzevi in China is based on Yu et al. (1997). Hosseini-Chegeni et al. (2019) listed this tick as found in Iran but cautioned that its presence in that country needs to be reviewed, while Hornok et al. (2020a) considered Ixodes redikorzevi a synonym of Ixodes acuminatus and did not recognize Hungary as being within the range of Ixodes redikorzevi. Clifford et al. (1975a) classified larvae and nymphs collected in Nepal as Ixodes redikorzevi or a species morphologically close to it. In broad terms, Ixodes redikorzevi is treated as present in the eastern Palearctic, while Ixodes acuminatus is considered to occur in the western Palearctic., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Olenev, N. O. (1927 a) Sur le classification et la distribution geographique des ixodides. Doklady Akademy Nauk SSSR, Series A, (14) 219 - 224. [in Russian]","Warburton, C. (1927) On five new species of ticks (Arachnida Ixodoidea), Ornithodorus [sic] nattereri, Ixodes theodori, Haemaphysalis toxopei, Amblyomma robinsoni and A. dammermani, with a note on the ornate nymph of A. latum. Parasitology, 19, 405 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000005886","Feider, Z. (1965) Fauna Republicii Populare Romane Arachnida Acaromorpha Suprafamilia Ixodoidea (Capuse) Volume 5, Issue 2, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romane, Bucarest, 401 pp.","Cwilich, R., Hadani, A., Kalner, B., Leibel, C., Shevil, I. & Klatsky, A. (1967) Human infestation with the tick Ixodes redikorzevi. Harefuah, 72, 275 - 277. [in Hebrew]","Begum, F., Wisseman, C. L. & Casals, J. (1970) Tick-borne virus of West Pakistan. II. Hazara virus, a new agent isolated from Ixodes redikorzevi ticks from the Kaghan Valley, W. Pakistan. American Journal of Epidemiology, 92, 192 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. aje. a 121197","Clifford, C. M., Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E. (1975 a) The Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 115 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 12.1.115","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Yu, X., Ye, R. & Dong, Z. (1997) The tick fauna of Xinjiang. Xinjiang Scientific, Technological and Medical Publishing House, Urumqi, 169 pp. [in Chinese]","Coipan, E. C., Vladimirescu, A. F., Ciolpan, O. & Teodorescu, I. (2011) Tick species (Acari: Ixodoidea) distribution and host association in Romania. Travaux du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle \" Grigore Antipa \", 54, 301 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10191 - 011 - 0018 - y","Bursali, A., Keskin, A. & Tekin, S. (2012) A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57, 91 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9530 - 4","Fedorova, S. J. (2012) Ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) of Kyrgyzstan: biodiversity and epidemiologic role. Izvestiya Vuzov, (6) 127 - 133. [in Russian]","Mihalca, A. D., Dumitrache, M. O., Magdas, C., Gherman, C. M., Domsa, C., Mircean, V., Ghira, I. V., Pocora, V., Ionescu, D. T., Siko Barabasi, S., Cozma, V. & Sandor, A. D. (2012) Synopsis of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Romania with update on host associations and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 58, 183 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9566 - 5","Akramova, F. D., Umrkulova, S. K., Azimov, D. A. & Golonov, V. I. (2016) Ixodid ticks in north-eastern Uzbekistan: fauna, distribution patterns and ecology. Russian Journal of Parasitology, 37, 291 - 295. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.12737 / 21652","Hovhannisyan, V. S. & Dilbaryan, K. P. (2016) Arthropods (Arthropoda) of Armenian fauna causing human natural-focal diseases. Medical Science of Armenia, 56 (4), 76 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aogh. 2017.03.168","Perfilyeva, Y. V., Shapiyeva, Z. Zh., Ostapchuk, Y. O., Berdygulova, Z. A., Bissenbay, A. O., Kulemin, M. V., Ismagulova, G. A., Skiba, Y. A., Sayakova, Z. Z., Mamadaliyev, S. M., Maltseva, E. R. &, Dmitrovskiy, A. M. (2020) Tick-borne pathogens and their vectors in Kazakhstan - A review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101498), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2020.101498","Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1","Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp.","Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0","Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8","Hornok, S., Kovats, D., Horvath, G., Kontschan, J. & Farkas, R. (2020 a) Checklist of the hard tick (Acari: ixodidae) fauna of Hungary with emphasis on host-associations and the emergence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 80, 311 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 019 - 00461 - 6"]}

193. Ixodes prokopjevi (Emel’yanova, 1979). Palearctic: 1) Mongolia, 2) Russia (Emel’yanova 1979, Kiefer et al. 2010, Tsapko 2020). Kolonin (2009) did not recognize Ixodes prokopjevi as valid. This tick was not listed as part of the ixodid fauna of Mongolia by Černý, J. et al. (2019), but it was recognized as occurring there by Kiefer et al. (2010)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Emel'yanova, N. D. (1979) Taxonomic status of ixodid ticks of the genus Pholeoixodes within the subfamily Ixodinae and its division into subgenera. In: Efimov M. V., Pronim N. M. (Editors), Zooparasitology of Lake Baikal basin. Akademy Nauk SSR, Ulan-Ude, pp. 5 - 27. [in Russian, NAMRU- 3 translation 1739]","Kiefer, D., Pfister, K., Tserennorov, D., Bolormaa, G., Otgonbaatar, D., Samjaa, R., Burmesiter, E. G. & Kiefer, M. S. (2010) Current state of Ixodidae-research in Mongolia. Erforschung Biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei, (11), 405 - 418.","Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]","Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022."]}

258. Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844c. Afrotropical: 1) Kenya, 2) South Africa, 3) South Sudan, 4) Uganda; Oriental: 1) China (south), 2) Laos, 3) Taiwan, 4) Thailand; Palearctic: 1) Afghanistan, 2) Algeria, 3) Armenia, 4) Austria, 5) Azerbaijan, 6) Belgium, 7) Bulgaria, 8) Bosnia and Herzegovina, 9) China (north), 10) Croatia, 11) Czechia, 12) France, 13) Germany, 14) Great Britain, 15) Greece, 16) Hungary, 17) Iran, 18) Ireland, 19) Israel, 20) Italy, 21) Japan (except the Ryukyu Islands), 22) Kazakhstan, 23) Kyrgyzstan, 24) Lebanon, 25) Moldova, 26) Montenegro, 27) Morocco, 28) Netherlands, 29) North Macedonia, 30) Palestine, 31) Poland, 32) Portugal, 33) Romania, 34) Russia, 35) Serbia, 36) Slovakia, 37) Slovenia, 38) South Korea, 39) Spain, 40) Switzerland, 41) Tajikistan, 42) Turkey, 43) Turkmenistan, 44) Ukraine (Feider 1965, Hoogstraal 1973 a, Filippova 1977, Tanskul et al. 1983, Keirans 1985b, Cringoli et al. 2005, Robbins 2005, Kolonin 2009, Chen et al. 2010, Siuda et al. 2009, Santos-Silva et al. 2011, Kim et al. 2011b, Bursali et al. 2012, Bush & Robbins 2012, Fedorova 2012, Krčmar 2012, Nowak-Chmura & Siuda 2012, Petney et al. 2012, Burazerovic et al. 2015, Benda et al. 2016, Estrada-Peña et al. 2017, Vongphayloth et al. 2018 a, Hosseini-Chegeni et al. 2019, Petney et al. 2019, Hornok et al. 2020a, Tsapko 2020, Rubel et al. 2021, Rubel & Brugger 2022). Zhao et al. (2021) excluded Taiwan from the range of Ixodes vespertilionis, but it is included here. Ixodes vespertilionis has long been regarded as occurring in the Australasian Zoogeographic Region. Nuttall & Warburton (1911) listed South Australia as being within the range of this tick, but they confused a South African locality with a South Australian one. Later, Roberts (1960) maintained that Ixodes vespertilionis was an Australian tick, a view subsequently refuted in Roberts (1970). No bona fide specimens of Ixodes vespertilionis have been recorded from Australia or other countries and territories within the Australasian Region. Even so, Martyn (1988), Hillyard (1996) and Chalada et al. (2016) have continued to regard this tick as present in Australia. The Albanian record of Ixodes vespertilionis “ circa 1906” probably resulted from collections made in localities that are now part of the nation of Serbia (Vrenozi & Dunlop 2013). The record of Ixodes vespertilionis in Nigeria by Okeke et al. (2020) requires confirmation. Therefore, all these countries are tentatively excluded from the range of Ixodes vespertilionis Hornok et al. (2015) found molecular evidence supporting the argument that more than one species exists under the name Ixodes vespertilionis, a hypothesis confirmed with the description of the morphologically related species Ixodes collaris. Perhaps as yet undescribed new species await discovery in tick collections bearing the name Ixodes vespertilionis, but that will require examination of the type specimens of the more than ten names currently regarded as synonyms of Ixodes vespertilionis (Guglielmone & Nava 2014)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Koch, C. L. (1844 c) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Arachniden und Myriapoden. Herausgegeben von Herrich-Schaffer, part 37, Regensburg. [sometimes referred to as Koch 1835 - 1844]","Feider, Z. (1965) Fauna Republicii Populare Romane Arachnida Acaromorpha Suprafamilia Ixodoidea (Capuse) Volume 5, Issue 2, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romane, Bucarest, 401 pp.","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Tanskul, P., Stark, H. E. & Inlao, I. (1983) A checklist of ticks of Thailand (Acari: Metastigmata: Ixodoidea). Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, 330 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 20.3.330","Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326","Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1 - 263.","Robbins, R. G. (2005) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Taiwan: a synonymic checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 245 - 253.","Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022.","Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2","Siuda, K., Stanko, M., Piksa, K. & Gorz, A. (2009) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) parasitizing bats in Poland and Slovakia. Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne, 55, 39 - 45.","Santos-Silva, M. M., Beati, L., Santos, A. S., Sousa de, R., Nuncio, M. S., Melo, P., Santos-Reis, M., Fonseca, C., Formosinho, P., Vilela, C. & Bacellar, F. (2011) The hard-tick fauna of mainland Portugal (Acari: Ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 55, 85 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 011 - 9440 - x","Kim, H. C., Han, S. H., Chong, S. T., Robbins, R. G. & Klein, T. A. (2011 b) Ixodes vespertilionis Koch and first report of Ixodes simplex Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) from bats in the Republic of Korea. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 16, 223 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 16.3.6","Bursali, A., Keskin, A. & Tekin, S. (2012) A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57, 91 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9530 - 4","Bush, S. E. & Robbins, R. G. (2012) New host and locality records for Ixodes simplex Neumann and Ixodes vespertilionis Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) in southern China. International Journal of Acarology, 38, 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2011.569509","Fedorova, S. J. (2012) Ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) of Kyrgyzstan: biodiversity and epidemiologic role. Izvestiya Vuzov, (6) 127 - 133. [in Russian]","Krcmar, S. (2012) Hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) of Croatia. ZooKeys, 234, 19 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 234.3658","Nowak-Chmura, M. & Siuda, K. (2012) Ticks of Poland. Review of contemporary issues and latest research. Annals of Parasitology, 58, 125 - 155.","Petney, T. N., Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 17.2.2","Burazerovic, J., Cakic, S., Mihaljica, D., Sukara, R., Cirovic, D. & Tomanovic, S. (2015) Ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) parasitizing bats in the central Balkans. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 66, 281 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 015 - 9891 - 6","Benda, P., Abi Said, M. R., Jaoude, I. B., Karanouh, R., Lucan, R. K., Sadek, R., Sevcik, M., Uhrin, M. & Horacek, I., (2016) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 13. Review of distribution and ectoparasites of bats in Lebanon. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 80, 207 - 316.","Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0","Vongphayloth, K., Douangboubpha, B., Sanamxay, D., Xayaphet, V., Robbins, R. G., Apanaskevich, D. A., Sutherland, I. W. & Brey, P. T. (2018 a) New locality records of Ixodes granulatus and Ixodes vespertilionis (Acari: Ixodidae) from tree-shrews (Scandentia: Tupaiidae) and bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Laos. Journal of Medical Entomology, 55, 1035 - 1039. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjy 019","Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8","Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1","Hornok, S., Kovats, D., Horvath, G., Kontschan, J. & Farkas, R. (2020 a) Checklist of the hard tick (Acari: ixodidae) fauna of Hungary with emphasis on host-associations and the emergence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 80, 311 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 019 - 00461 - 6","Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]","Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Meyer-Kayser, E., Dautel, H. & Kahl, O. (2021) Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 84, 183 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00619 - 1","Rubel, F. & Brugger, K. (2022) Maps of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) for Austria and South Tyrol, Italy. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86, 211 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 022 - 00688 - w","Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Roberts, F. H. S. (1960) A systematic study of the Australian species of the genus Ixodes (Acarina: Ixodidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 8, 392 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9600392","Roberts, F. H. S. (1970) Australian ticks. CSIRO, Melbourne, 267 pp.","Martyn, K. P. (1988) Provisional atlas of the ticks (Ixodoidea) of the British Isles. Biological Records Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK, 62 pp.","Hillyard, P. D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Keys and notes for identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (52) Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, UK, 178 pp.","Chalada, M. J., Stenos, J. & Bradbury, R. S. (2016) Is there a Lyme-like disease in Australia? Summary of the findings to date. One Health, 2, 42 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. onehlt. 2016.03.003","Vrenozi, B. & Dunlop, J. A. (2013) Albanian arachnids in the Museum f ¸ r Naturkunde, Berlin, Arachnology, 16, 10 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2013.16.1.10","Okeke, O. P., Okeke, J. J., Orjiagu, E. V., Ononye, B. U., Udeh, N., Ike, I. M. & Imaku, C. A. (2020) A survey on the ectoparasites and haemoparasites of bats trapped in Ogbunike Caves, Anambra State, Nigeria. South Asian Journal of Parasitology, 4 (4) 52 - 56.","Hornok, S., Estrada-Pena, A., Kontschan, J., Plantard, O., Kunz, B., Mihalca, A. D., Thabah, A., Tomanovic, S., Burazerovic, J., Takacs, N., G ˆ rfol, T., Estok, P., Tu, V. T., Sz ˆ ke, K., Fernandez de Mera, I. G., Tomanovic, S., De La Fuente, J., Takahasi, M., Yamauchi, T. & Takano, A. (2015) High degree of mitochondrial gene heterogeneity in the bat tick species, Ixodes vespertilionis, I. ariadnae and I. simplex from Eurasia. Parasites & Vectors, 8 (article 457), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 015 - 1056 - 2","Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1"]}

41. Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849. Palearctic: 1) Austria, 2) Belgium, 3) Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4) Croatia, 5) Denmark, 6) France, 7) Germany, 8) Great Britain, 9) Hungary, 10) Ireland, 11) Italy, 12) Latvia, 13) Lithuania, 14) Netherlands, 15) Poland, 16) Portugal, 17) Romania, 18) Serbia, 19) Slovenia, 20) Spain, 21) Sweden, 22) Switzerland (Manilla 1985, Martyn 1988, Fain 1990, Jaenson et al. 1994, Trilar 2004, Cringoli et al. 2005, Santos-Silva et al. 2011, Petney et al. 2012, Obsomer et al. 2013, Hornok et al. 2017b, Krčmar 2019, Karbowiak et al. 2020, Hornok et al. 2021, Rubel & Brugger 2022). Guglielmone et al. (2020) described the confusion of Ixodes canisuga with related species. Ixodes canisuga was treated as a valid species in Filippova & Uspenskaya (1973) and Teng (1973), but later Filippova (1977) and Teng & Jiang (1991) regarded this name as a synonym of Ixodes crenulatus, and this thinking was followed by Kolonin (2009), although both species, Ixodes canisuga and Ixodes crenulatus, are considered valid here. Nevertheless, many records of these species require confirmation, and the range of Ixodes canisuga should be regarded as provisional. This uncertainty is underscored by the fact that there are several synonyms of Ixodes canisuga, as detailed in Petney et al. (2012) and Guglielmone & Nava (2014). The presence of Ixodes canisuga in Slovenia is based on Trilar (2004). Ixodes canisuga was treated as a tick found in China by Zhao et al. (2020) and others. These authors cited Teng (1973) in arguing for the presence of Ixodes canisuga in China, while ignoring the synonymy of this species with Ixodes crenulatus in Teng & Jiang (1991). Zhao et al. (2020) did not discuss that synonymy, being uncertain as to how to treat these names. Chen et al. (2010), Zhang, G. et al. (2019), Zhang, Y.K. (2019) and Zhao et al. (2021) did not include Ixodes canisuga as occurring in China, a country that is provisionally excluded from the range of this tick. Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) listed both Ixodes canisuga and Ixodes crenulatus as found in China. It is apparent that there is a need for additional research to properly define Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes crenulatus and related species, based on analyses of specimens throughout their ranges., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Johnston, G. (1849) The acarides of Berwickshire specifically described. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 2, 362 - 373.","Manilla, G. (1985) Nuove osservazioni faunistiche e biologiche sulle zecche (Acari: Ixodoidea) in Abruzzo ed altre regioni d'Italia (Nota IV). Parassitologia, 27, 279 - 295.","Martyn, K. P. (1988) Provisional atlas of the ticks (Ixodoidea) of the British Isles. Biological Records Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK, 62 pp.","Fain, A. (1990) Les tiques de Belgique (Acari: Ixodoidea). Documents de Travail de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, (58), 1 - 33.","Jaenson, T. G. T., Talleklint, L., Lundqvist, L., Olsen, B., Chirico, J. & Mejlon, H. (1994) Geographical distribution, host associations, and vector roles of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 240 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 31.2.240","Trilar, T. (2004) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) on birds in Slovenia. Acrocephalus, 25 (123), 213 - 216.","Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1 - 263.","Santos-Silva, M. M., Beati, L., Santos, A. S., Sousa de, R., Nuncio, M. S., Melo, P., Santos-Reis, M., Fonseca, C., Formosinho, P., Vilela, C. & Bacellar, F. (2011) The hard-tick fauna of mainland Portugal (Acari: Ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 55, 85 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 011 - 9440 - x","Petney, T. N., Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 17.2.2","Obsomer, V., Wirtgen, M., Linden, A., Claerebout, E., Heyman, P., Heylen, D., Madder, M., Maris, J., Lebrun, M., Tack, W. & Lempereur, L. (2013) Spatial disaggregation of tick occurrence and ecology at a local scale as a preliminary step for spatial surveillance of tick-borne diseases: general framework and health implications in Belgium. Parasites & Vectors, 6 (article 190), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1756 - 3305 - 6 - 190","Hornok, S., Sandor, A. D., Beck, R., Farkas, R., Beati, L., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., F ˆ ldvari, G., Silaghi, C., Meyer-Kaiser, C., Hodzic, A., Tomanovic, S., Abdullah, S., Wall, R., Estrada-Pena, A., Duscher, G. G. & Plantard, O. (2017 b) Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 545), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 2424 - x","Krcmar, S. (2019) Diversity, ecology and seasonality of hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in eastern Croatia. Journal of Vector Ecology, 44, 8 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jvec. 12325","Karbowiak, G., Stanko, M., Miterpakova, M., Hurnikova, Z. & Vichova, B. (2020) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Slovakia and new data about subgenus Pholeoixodes occurrence. Acta Parasitologica, 65, 636 - 643. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 020 - 00184 - 4","Hornok, S., Meyer-Kayser, E., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., Plantard, O., Cullen, S., Gaughran, A., Szekeres, S., Majoros, G., Beck, R. & Boldogh, S. A. (2021) Morphology of Pholeoixodes species associated with carnivores in the western Palearctic: Pictorial key based on molecularly identified Ixodes (Ph.) canisuga, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and I. (Ph.) kaiseri males, nymphs and larvae. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101715), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2021.101715","Rubel, F. & Brugger, K. (2022) Maps of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) for Austria and South Tyrol, Italy. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86, 211 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 022 - 00688 - w","Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1","Filippova, N. A. & Uspenskaya, I. G. (1973) Ixodes kaiseri Arthur 1957 (Ixodidae) species taxonomic status. Parazitologiya, 7, 297 - 306. [in Russian, NAMRU- 3 translation 636]","Teng, K. F. (1973) Notes on some Chinese ticks of the genus Ixodes with descriptions of two new species (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 16, 73 - 81. [in Chinese]","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]","Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022.","Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1","Zhao, L., Lv, J., Li, K., He, B., Zhang, L., Han, X., Wang, H., Johnson, N., Lin, X., Wu, S. & Liu, Y. (2020) Identification and molecular analysis of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals and tick-borne pathogens of the Tarim Basin of southern Xingjiang, China. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 58, 37 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.3347 / kjp. 2020.58.1.37","Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2","Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1","Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0"]}

125. Ixodes lemuris Arthur, 1958b, but see below. An Afrotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Primates: Cheirogaleidae; adult ticks alone have been collected from Primates: Lemuridae, and Rodentia: Muridae. There are no records of Ixodes lemuris causing human parasitism. M: Blanco et al. (2013) F: Arthur (1958b) N: Blanco et al. (2013) L: Blanco et al. (2013) Redescriptions M: none F: Arthur (1965), Uilenberg et al. (1979), Blanco et al. (2013) N: none L: none Note: Guglielmone et al. (2014) listed Ixodes lemuris as described in 1957, but Doss and Anastos (1977) stated that the description was published in 1958., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Arthur, D. R. (1958 b) The Ixodes schillingsi group: ticks of Africa and Madagascar, parasitic on primates, with descriptions of two new species (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parasitology, 47, 544 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000022174","Blanco, M. B., Elfawal, M. A., Durden, L. A., Beati, L., Xu, G., Godfrey, L. R. & Rich, S. M. (2013) Genetic diversity of ixodid ticks parasitizing eastern mouse and dwarf lemurs in Madagascar, with descriptions of the larva, nymph and male of Ixodes lemuris (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 90, 11 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 3183.1","Uilenberg, G., Hoogstraal. H. & Klein, J. M. (1979) Les tiques (Ixodoidea) de Madagascar et leur role vecteur. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Numero Special, 153 pp.","Doss, M. A. & Anastos, G. (1977) Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Special publication Nº. 3. Ticks and tickborne diseases. III. Checklist of families, genera, species and subspecies of ticks. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 97 pp."]}

60. Ixodes cornutus Lotozky, 1956. Palearctic: 1) Tajikistan (Filippova 1977, Kolonin 2009). Ixodes cornutus is treated as a synonym of Ixodes rugicollis by Camicas et al. (1998, under the name Pholeoixodes rugicollis), an opinion supported by Hornok et al. (2017c), but Ixodes cornutus was regarded as valid in Filippova (1977) and Kolonin (2009). Guglielmone et al. (2010 b, 2014, 2015, 2020) treated Ixodes cornutus as provisionally valid, pending comparison of its type with that of Ixodes rugicollis. The German record of Ixodes cornutus in Chitimia-Dobler & Dobler (2019) needs verification, and Germany is not included within the geographic distribution of this tick., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Lotozky, B. V. (1956) A new species of the genus Ixodes - Ixodes cornutus from the mountains of Tadzhikistan. Doklady Akademy Nauk Tadzhiksoy SSSR, (19) 27 - 29. [in Russian]","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022.","Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp.","Hornok, S., Trauttwein, K., Takacs, N., Hodzic, A., Duscher, G. G. & Kontschan, J. (2017 c) Molecular analysis of Ixodes rugicollis, Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU 98) and a novel Babesia genotype from a European badger (Meles meles). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 8, 41 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2016.09.014","Guglielmone, A. A., Robbins, R. G., Apanaskevich, D. A., Petney, T. N., Estrada-Pena, A., Horak, I. G., Shao, R. & Barker, S. C. (2010 b) The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names. Zootaxa, 2528, 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2528.1.1","Kim, B. J., Kim, H., Won, S., Kim, H. C., Chong, S. T., Klein, T. A., Kim, K. G., Seo, H. Y. & Chae, J. S. (2014) Ticks collected from wild and domestic animals and natural habitats in the Republic of Korea. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 52, 281 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.3347 / kjp. 2014.52.3.281","Chitimia-Dobler, L. & Dobler, G. (2019) Zecken in der Stadt. In: Lozan, J. L., Breckle, S. W., Grassi, H., Kuttler, W & Matzarakis, A. (Editors) Warnsignal Klima: Die Stadte, pp. 141 - 146."]}

163. Ixodes nectomys Kohls, 1956a. Neotropical: 1) Peru (Guglielmone et al. 2021)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Kohls, G. M. (1956 a) Eight new species of Ixodes from Central and South America (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 42, 636 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274884","Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. & Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8"]}

26. Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019. An Australasian species known only to parasitize Monotremata: Tachyglossidae. M: Barker (2019) F: unknown N: unknown L: unknown Redescriptions: none, Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Barker, D. (2019) Ixodes barkeri n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a revised key to the male Ixodes of Australia, and list of the subgenera and species of Ixodes known to occur in Australia. Zootaxa, 4658 (2), 331 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4658.2.7"]}

34. Ixodes boliviensis Neumann, 1904. Neotropical: 1) Belize, 2) Bolivia, 3) Colombia, 4) Costa Rica, 5) Ecuador, 6) Guatemala, 7) Honduras, 8) Mexico (south), 9) Nicaragua, 10) Panama, 11) Peru (Cooley & Kohls 1945, Blair et al. 2004, Álvarez et al. 2005, Guzmán-Cornejo & Robbins 2010, Bermúdez et al. 2015 a, Pesquera et al. 2015, Guglielmone et al. 2021). Camicas et al. (1998) treated Ixodes boliviensis as a synonym of Ixodes diversifossus. The two species are similar, but a morphological comparison of types has not been undertaken, and these taxa are considered provisionally valid here. Additionally, many records of Ixodes boliviensis have been published under the name Ixodes bicornis according to Kohls (1956c), who synonymized this name under Ixodes boliviensis, a decision that was hardly justified according to Guglielmone et al. (2021), who treat this synonymy as tentatively valid. Bermúdez et al. (2021) found important molecular differences between specimens from Panama, named as Ixodes cf. boliviensis, and Ecuador. Consequently, the range of Ixodes boliviensis is also provisional because a reexamination of the types of Ixodes boliviensis and Ixodes bicornis is needed to confirm the opinion of Kohls (1956c)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Neumann, L. G. (1904) Notes sur les ixodides. II. Archives de Parasitologie, 8, 444 - 464.","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (184), 1 - 246.","Blair, P. J., Jiang, J., Schoeler, G. B., Moron, C., Anaya, E., Cespedes, M., Cruz, C., Felices, V., Guevara, C., Mendoza, L., Villaseca, P., Summer, J. W., Richards, A. L. & Olson, J. G. (2004) Characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in flea and tick specimens from northern Peru. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4961 - 4967. https: // doi. org / 10.1128 / JCM. 42.11.4961 - 4967.2004","Alvarez, V. C., Hernandez, V. F. & Hernandez, J. G. (2005) Catalogo de garrapatas suaves (Acari: Argasidae) y duras (Acari: Ixodidae) de Costa Rica. Brenesia, 63 - 64, 81 - 88.","Guzman-Cornejo, C. & Robbins, R. G. (2010) The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: adult identification keys, diagnoses, hosts and distribution. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 289 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2010.002.254","Bermudez, S. E., Mejia, L., Hernandez, L. & Apanaskevich, D. A. (2015 a) First records of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann, 1904 and Dermacentor dissimilis Cooley, 1947 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) as parasites of domestic mammals in Nicaragua. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20, 462 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 20.4.12","Pesquera, C., Portillo, A., Palomar, A. M. & Oteo, J. A. (2015) Investigation of tick-borne bacteria (Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from Andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in Ecuador. Parasites & Vectors, 8 (article 46), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 015 - 0662 - 3","Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. & Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8","Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp.","Kohls, G. M. (1956 c) The identity of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann 1904 and Ixodes bicornis Neumann 1906. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 232 - 233.","Bermudez, S., Felix, M. L., Dominguez, A. L., Kadoch, N., Munoz-Leal, S. & Venzal, J. M. (2021) Molecular screening for tickborne bacteria and hematozoa in Ixodes cf. boliviensis and Ixodes tapirus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from western highlands of Panama. Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases, 1 (article 100034), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpvbd. 2021.100034"]}

38. Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910. A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages have been found on Aves (several orders). There are no records of Ixodes caledonicus causing human parasitism. M: Nuttall (1911) F: Nuttall (1910) N: Nuttall (1910) L: Nuttall (1910) Redescriptions M: Arthur (1963), Babos (1964), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996) F: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Nuttall (1916), Arthur (1953 a, 1963), Babos (1964), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova and Panova (1975), Filippova (1977), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996) N: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Arthur (1953 a, 1963), Babos (1964), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova and Panova (1975), Filippova (1977), Manilla and Iori (1993), Siuda (1993) L: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Arthur (1953 a, 1963), Babos (1964), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Filippova and Panova (1975), Filippova (1977), Manilla and Iori (1992), Márquez et al. (1992), Siuda (1993) Note: Nuttall (1916) redescribed a female of Ixodes caledonicus, stressing morphological differences with the original description in Nuttall (1910). Morel and Aeschlimann (1983) underscore the difficulties involved in morphologically separating Ixodes caledonicus, Ixodes berlesei and Ixodes semenovi (under the genus Scaphixodes) and treat the diagnosis of Ixodes caledonicus from Switzerland as provisional. Sénevet (1937) did not recognize the male of Ixodes caledonicus described in Nuttall (1911) and presented a sketch of the female that is quite different from figures published by other authors. A comparative morphological study of types and specimens from different populations of Ixodes caledonicus may help in correctly identifying this species, while molecular studies will be needed to support the presumed conspecificity of tick populations. There are descriptions of Ixodes caledonicus under the name Scaphixodes caledonicus that are not included in the above lists. See also Ixodes berlesei for its confusion with Ixodes caledonicus., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Nuttall, G. H. F. (1910) New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus). Parasitology, 3, 408 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000002249","Arthur, D. R. (1963) British ticks. Butterworths, London, 213 pp.","Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp.","Nosek, J. & Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92.","Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]","Hillyard, P. D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Keys and notes for identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (52) Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 178 pp.","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Nuttall, G. H. F. (1916) Notes on ticks. IV. Relating to the genus Ixodes and including a description of three new species and two varieties. Parasitology, 8, 294 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000010623","Arthur, D. R. (1953 a) The morphology of the British Prostriata with particular reference to Ixodes hexagonus Leach. II. Parasitology, 43, 161 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084432","Aeschlimann, A. (1963) Observations sur la morphologie, la biologie et le developpement d' Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872), la tique des pangolins d'Afrique occidentale. Acta Tropica, 20, 154 - 177.","Filippova, N. A. & Panova, I. V. (1975) Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a little-known parasite of wild birds from the fauna of the USSR. Parazitologiya, 9, 339 - 347. [in Russian]","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Manilla, G. & Iori, A. (1993) Chiave illustrata delle zecche d'Italia. II: Stadi ninfali delle specie della sottofamiglia Ixodinae (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parassitologia, 35 (1 - 3), 37 - 45.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079","Manilla, G. & Iori, A. (1992) Chiave illustrata delle zecche d'Italia. I: Stadi larvali delle specie della sottofamiglia Ixodinae (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parassitologia, 34 (1 - 3), 83 - 95.","Marquez, F. J., Morel, P. C., Guiguen, C. & Beaucournu, J. C. (1992) Cle dichotomique des Ixodidae d'Europe. I - Les larves du genre Ixodes. Acarologia, 33, 325 - 330.","Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A. (1983) Presence en Suisse d'un Scaphixodes (Acarina, Ixodoidea) sur Prunella collaris. Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles, 106, 23 - 27.","Senevet, G. (1937) Ixodoides. Faune of France, 32, 1 - 100."]}

262. Ixodes werneri Kohls, 1950b. Oriental: 1) Indonesia (west of Wallace’s Line), 2) Malaysia, 3) Philippines, 4) Vietnam (Keirans et al. 1970, Kolonin 2003, Petney et al. 2019)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Kohls, G. M. (1950 b) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of The Philippines. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (192), 1 - 28.","Kolonin, G. V. (2003) New data on ixodid tick fauna of Vietnam. Entomological Review, 83 (Supplement 2), S 190 - S 192.","Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1"]}

148. Ixodes moscharius Teng, 1982a. A Palearctic species, all stages of which are known only to parasitize Artiodactyla: Moschidae. M: Teng (1982a) F: Teng (1982a) N: Teng and Jiang (1991) L: Teng and Jiang (1991) Redescriptions M: Teng and Jiang (1991) F: Teng and Jiang (1991) N: none L: none Note: Camicas et al. (1998) state that the only described stage of Ixodes moscharius is the female, but Teng (1982a) had previously described the male and female, while Guglielmone et al. (2014) state that only the male and female were described, overlooking the descriptions of the nymph and larva of Ixodes moscharius in Teng and Jiang (1991)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Teng, K. F. (1982 a) Acarina: Ixodidae. In: Insects of Xizang (Tibet). Vol. II. Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, pp. 449 - 461. [in Chinese, translation RR 2 by Robbins, F. - M. Y.]","Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]","Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp."]}

8. Ixodes amersoni Kohls, 1966. A species found on central and south Pacific islands. Females have been collected from Charadriiformes: Laridae and Sternidae, Suliformes: Sulidae, and Procellariiformes: Procellariidae. There are no records of Ixodes amersoni causing human parasitism. M: unknown F: Kohls (1966) N: unknown L: unknown Redescription F: Heath and Palma (2017) Note: the only redescription of the female of Ixodes amersoni is in a key without figures provided by Heath and Palma (2017). Camicas et al. (1998) list the nymph of Ixodes amersoni, under the name Scaphixodes amersoni, as described and consider this tick to be established in the Australasian Region, statements that are not shared in this study., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Heath, A. C. G. & Palma, R. (2017) A new species of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) from seabirds in New Zealand and Australia, previously misidentified as Ixodes eudyptidis. Zootaxa, 4324, 285 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4324.2.4","Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp."]}

139. Ixodes malayensis Kohls, 1962. Oriental: 1) Malaysia (Petney et al. 2019)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1"]}

135. Ixodes luciae Sénevet, 1940. Neotropical: 1) Argentina, 2) Belize, 3) Bolivia, 4) Brazil, 5) Colombia, 6) Costa Rica, 7) Ecuador, 8) French Guiana, 9) Guatemala, 10) Honduras, 11) Mexico (south), 12) Nicaragua, 13) Panama, 14) Peru, 15) Suriname, 16) Trinidad and Tobago, 17) Venezuela (Cooley & Kohls 1945, Jones et al. 1972, Keirans 1985b, Monroy Lefebre. & Cajas González 1988, Need et al. 1991, Díaz et al. 2007, Guglielmone et al. 2011, 2021, Vásquez et al. 2011, Guzmán-Cornejo et al. 2012, Witter et al. 2016, Binetruy et al. 2019, Acevedo-Gutiérrez et al. 2020, Costa et al. 2020). Some records of female Ixodes luciae have been published under the name Ixodes loricatus spinosus, described by Nuttall (1910), a preoccupied name changed to Ixodes loricatus vogelsangi by Santos Dias (1954b), but the name Ixodes luciae, published in 1940, has precedence over Ixodes loricatus vogelsangi, which is a synonym of Ixodes luciae., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Senevet, G. (1940) Quelques ixodides de la Guyane francaise. Especes nouvelles d' Ixodes et d' Amblyomma. 6 º Congreso Internacional de Entomologia, Madrid, Espana, setiembre 1935, pp. 891 - 898.","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (184), 1 - 246.","Jones, E. K., Clifford, C. M., Keirans J. E. & Kohls, G. M. (1972) The ticks of Venezuela (Acarina: Ixodoidea) with a key to the species of Amblyomma in the Western Hemisphere. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 17 (4), 1 - 40.","Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326","Need, J. T., Dale, W. E., Keirans, J. M. & Dasch, G. A. (1991) Annotated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae: Argasidae) reported in Peru: distribution, hosts, and bibliography. Journal of Medical Entomology, 28, 590 - 597. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 28.5.590","Diaz, M. M., Nava, S., Venzal, J. M., Sanchez, N. & Guglielmone, A. A. (2007) Tick collections from the Peruvian Amazon, with new host records for species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ornithodoros Koch, 1844 (Acari: Argasidae). Systematic & Applied Acarology, 12, 127 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 12.2.6","Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. & Diaz, M. M. (2011) Relationships of South American marsupials (Didelphimorphia, Microbiotheria and Paucituberculata) and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with distribution of four species of Ixodes. Zootaxa, 3086, 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3086.1.1","Vasquez, C. L., Muro, J. J. & Clavijo, J. J. (2011) Garrapatas del genero Ixodes Latreille, 1795 y Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) presentes en la coleccion de zoologia agricola, decanato de agronomia, UCLA, Lara, Venezuela. Entomotropica, 26, 89 - 97.","Guzman-Cornejo, C., Garcia-Prieto, L., Acosta-Gutierrez, R., Falcon-Ordaz, J. & Leon-Paniagua, L. (2012) Metazoarios parasitos de Tlacuatzin canescens y Marmosa mexicana (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia) de Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 83, 557 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2012.2.951","Witter, R., Martins, T. F., Campos, A. K., Melo, A. L. T., Correa, S. H. R., Morgado, T. O., Wolf, R. W., May-Junior, J. A., Sinkoc, A. L., Strussmann, C., Aguiar, D. M., Rossi, R. V., Semedo, T. B. F., Campos, Z., Desbiez, A. L. J., Labruna, M. B. & Pacheco, R. C. (2016) Rickettsial infection in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of wild animals in midwestern Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 415 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2015.12.019","Binetruy, F., Chevillon, C., Thoisy, B., Garnier, S. & Duron, O. (2019) Survey of ticks in French Guiana. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 77 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.09.003","Acevedo-Gutierrez, L. Y., Paternina, L. E., Perez-Perez, J. C., Londono, A. F., Lopez, G. & Rodas, J. D. (2020) Garrapatas duras (Acari: Ixodidae) de Colombia, una revision a su conocimiento en el pais. Acta Biologica. Colombiana, 25, 126 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.15446 / abc. v 25 n 1.75252","Costa, F. B., Martins, T. F., Munoz-Leal, S., Serpa, M. C. A., Ogrzewalska, M., Luz, H. R., Barros-Battesti, D. M., Mesquita, E. T. K. C., Costa, A. P. & Labruna, M. B. (2020) Retrospective and new records of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) from the state of Maranh \" o, an Amazon-Cerrado transition area of Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies Reports, 21 (article 100413), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vprsr. 2020.100413","Nuttall, G. H. F. (1910) New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus). Parasitology, 3, 408 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000002249","Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1954 b) Um novo nome para o Ixodes loricatus spinosus Nuttall, 1910 (nomen bis lectum). Mocambique, (79) 79 - 81."]}

210. Ixodes signatus Birula, 1895. A Nearctic and Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae, but they have also been collected from Charadriiformes: Alcidae and Laridae; adults and nymphs have been recovered from Passeriformes: Fringillidae; adults alone have been taken from Carnivora: Otariidae. There are no records of Ixodes signatus causing human parasitism. M: Gregson (1954) F: Birula (1895) N: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) L: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) Redescriptions M: Gregson (1956), Keegan and Toshioka (1957), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Filippova (1977), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Furman and Loomis (1984), Lindquist et al. (2016) F: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Pomerantzev (1950), Gregson (1956), Keegan and Toshioka (1957), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Filippova (1977), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Furman and Loomis (1984), Lindquist et al. (2016) N: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Gregson (1956), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Filippova (1977), Furman and Loomis (1984), Durden and Keirans (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016) L: Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Filippova (1977), Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990), Kleinjan and Lane (2008), Lindquist et al. (2016), Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Birula, A. (1895) Ixodidae novi vel parum cogniti Musei Zoologici Academiae Caesareae Scientiarum Petropolitanae. I. Izvestiya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, Series 5, 2 (4) 353 - 364.","Gregson, J. D. (1954) The male of Ixodes signatus Birula (Acarina: Ixodidae). Canadian Entomologist, 86, 275 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 86275 - 6","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Gregson, J. D. (1956) The Ixodoidea of Canada. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division Publication 930. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 92 pp.","Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S. (1957) Ixodid ticks of Japan, Korea and the Ryukyu Islands. Medical General Laboratory, Camp Zama, 37 pp.","Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1","Yamaguti, N. & Kitaoka, S. (1980) Family Ixodidae. In: Ebara, S. (Ed.), Illustrations of the mites and ticks of Japan. Zenkoku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 146 - 161. [in Japanese]","Yamaguti, N. (1981) Key to the Japanese Ixodoidea. In: Sasa, M. & Aoki, J. (Eds.), Advances in Acarology. Hokuryu-Kan, Tokyo, pp. 451 - 472. [in Japanese]","Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239.","Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.","Pomerantzev, B. I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2), 1 - 224. [in Russian]","Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079","Webb, J. P., Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L. (1990) The larval ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) of California. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 15, 73 - 124.","Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S. (2008) Larval keys to the genera of Ixodidae (Acari) and species of Ixodes (Latreille) [sic] ticks established in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84, 121 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2007 - 38.1"]}

120. Ixodes laguri Olenev, 1929b. A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Rodentia: Sciuridae; all parasitic stages of Ixodes laguri have also been found on Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae, Rodentia (several families), and Soricomorpha (Soricidae); adult ticks alone have been collected from Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae; adult ticks and nymphs have been recovered from Carnivora: Mustelidae, and Rodentia: Dipodidae and Gliridae; and larvae alone have been recorded from Carnivora: Canidae. Ixodes laguri is a sporadic parasite of humans. M: Pomerantzev (1946) F: Olenev (1929b), under the name Ixodes redikorzevi lagurae, amended and given its current status in Olenev (1931a) N: Filippova (1954a) L: Filippova (1954a) Redescriptions M: Pomerantzev (1950), Arthur (1957d, 1965), Babos (1964), Filippova (1977), Siuda (1993), Slovák (2010), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) F: Olenev (1931a), Pomerantzev (1950), Arthur (1957d, 1965), Babos (1964), Filippova (1977), Siuda (1993), Slovák (2010), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) N: Filippova (1958, 1977), Babos (1964), Siuda (1993), Slovák (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) L: Filippova (1958, 1977), Babos (1964), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Márquez et al. (1992), Siuda (1993), Slovák (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) Note: Kirschenblatt´s (1936) redescription of a male of Ixodes laguri differs sharply from other descriptions and is therefore not included in the above lists. The redescription of Ixodes laguri in Emchuk (1960) is also excluded because it is not recognized in Filippova (1977), who analyzed the morphology of several populations of Ixodes laguri and redescribed four subspecies of this tick, probably implying that Ixodes laguri comprises more than one taxon. Should this prove to be the case, any compilation of the original descriptions and redescriptions of taxa within this complex will significantly change. Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) found no reliable characters for separating nymphs and larvae of Ixodes laguri from the same stages of morphologically similar species occurring in Europe and North Africa., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Olenev, N. O. (1929 b) On the taxonomy and geographical distribution of ticks (Ixodoidea): IV. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Series A, (21) 489 - 494. [in Russian]","Pomerantzev, B. I. (1946) Ticks (Family Ixodidae) of the USSR and adjacent countries. Nauka, Moscow, 28 pp. [in Russian]","Olenev, N. O. (1931 a) Parasitic ticks (Ixodoidea) of USSR. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologischeskim Muzeem Akademii Nauk, 4, 1 - 125. [in Russian]","Filippova, N. A. (1954 a) Diagnosis of certain species of ixodid ticks of the genus Ixodes Latr. (sub-genus Ixodes s. str.) according to larvae and nymphs. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 33, 69 - 76. [in Russian, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, translation 3 - 34 - 55]","Pomerantzev, B. I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2), 1 - 224. [in Russian]","Arthur, D. R. (1957 d) Studies on exotic Ixodes ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from United States Navy and Army activities. Parasitology, 43, 681 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3286566","Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp.","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]","Slovak, M. (2010) Pictorial key to the adult ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 22, 8 - 13.","Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0","Filippova, N. A. (1958) Contribution to the data on larvae and nymphs of the subfamily Ixodinae Banks, 1907. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 18, 10 - 77.","Slovak, M. (2014) Pictorial key to the larvae and nymphs of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 26, 12 - 18.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079","Marquez, F. J., Morel, P. C., Guiguen, C. & Beaucournu, J. C. (1992) Cle dichotomique des Ixodidae d'Europe. I - Les larves du genre Ixodes. Acarologia, 33, 325 - 330.","Kirschenblatt, J. D. (1936) Beitrage zur palaarktischen Zeckenfauna. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 114, 93 - 97.","Emchuk, L. E. (1960) External and internal structure, ecology, taxonomy, distribution and noxious effects of ticks. Fauna Ukrayiny. Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 163 pp. [in Russian]"]}

178. Ixodes peromysci Auguston, 1940. A Nearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Rodentia: Cricetidae; nymphs and larvae have also been recorded from Rodentia: Muridae, and nymphs alone have been collected from Squamata: Anguidae. There are no records of Ixodes peromysci causing human parasitism. M: Auguston (1940) F: Auguston (1940) N: Auguston (1940) L: Auguston (1940) Redescriptions M: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984) F: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984) N: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Furman and Loomis (1984), Durden and Keirans (1996) L: Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990), Kleinjan and Lane (2008), Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Auguston, G. F. (1940) A new Ixodes (Acarina: Ixodidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 38, 141 - 147.","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.","Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1","Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239.","Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp.","Webb, J. P., Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L. (1990) The larval ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) of California. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 15, 73 - 124.","Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S. (2008) Larval keys to the genera of Ixodidae (Acari) and species of Ixodes (Latreille) [sic] ticks established in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84, 121 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2007 - 38.1"]}

182. Ixodes pilosus Koch, 1844a. An Afrotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Artiodactyla: Bovidae, but they have also been found on Mammalia (several orders). Ixodes pilosus is a sporadic parasite of humans. M: Neumann (1899) F: Koch (1844a) N: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) L: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) Redescriptions M: Neumann (1899, 1911a), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Arthur (1965) F: Koch (1847), Dönitz (1910a), Neumann (1911a), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Arthur (1965), Walker A.R. et al. (2003), Horak et al. (2018, as Ixodes pilosus group; see note below) N: Bedford (1934), Arthur (1965, 1975b) L: Arthur (1965, 1975a), Sénevet and Ripert (1967b), Clifford et al. (1975b) Note: McKay (1994) believes that there are three species in the Ixodes pilosus complex, an opinion that is supported by Horak et al. (2018), who also depicted two females with morphological differences, but no new species were proposed., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560","Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294.","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Neumann, L. G. (1911 a) Ixodidae. Das Tierreich, 26, 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22339","Koch, C. L. (1847) s. n. Ubersicht des Arachnidensystems, Nurnberg, 4, 1 - 136.","Donitz, W. (1910 a) Die Zecken Sudafrikas. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 16, 397 - 494.","Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9","Bedford, G. A. H. (1934) South African ticks. Part I. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 2, 49 - 99.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 b) A propos des larves d' Ixodes pilosus et I. rubicundus. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 123 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421123","Clifford, C. M., Theiler, G. & Baker, M. (1975 b) Ixodes (Afrixodes) drakensbergensis n. sp. from domestic and wild animals in Natal, Republic of South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 42, 33 - 40.","McKay, I. J. (1994) Two new species of ixodid ticks closely related to Ixodes pilosus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 65,158."]}

230. Ixodes stromi Filippova, 1957. Palearctic: 1) Kazakhstan, 2) Kyrgyzstan, 3) Pakistan (west), 4) Russia, 5) Tajikistan (Filippova 1977, Robbins & Keirans 1987, 1992, Kolonin 2009, Fedorova 2017, Perfilyeva et al. 2020, Tsapko 2020). Filippova (1977) explained that Ixodes stromi had been partly confused with Ixodes trianguliceps prior to its description by Filippova (1957)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Filippova, N. A. (1957) Ixodes stromi, new species of tick and its systematic position in Ixodinae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 36, 864 - 869. [in Russian]","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Keirans, J. E. & Robbins, R. G. (1987) Amblyomma babirussae Schulze (Acari: Ixodidae): redescription of the male, female, and nymph and description of the larva. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, 646 - 659.","Robbins, R. G. & Keirans, J. E. (1992) Systematics and ecology of the subgenus Ixodiopsis (Acari: Ixodidae: Ixodes). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology Monographs, (14), 1 - 159.","Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022.","Fedorova, S. J. (2017) Ixodidae ticks of northern Tien-Shan as environmental indicators. Science, New Technologies and Innovations in Kyrgyzstan, (7), 151 - 154. [in Russian]","Perfilyeva, Y. V., Shapiyeva, Z. Zh., Ostapchuk, Y. O., Berdygulova, Z. A., Bissenbay, A. O., Kulemin, M. V., Ismagulova, G. A., Skiba, Y. A., Sayakova, Z. Z., Mamadaliyev, S. M., Maltseva, E. R. &, Dmitrovskiy, A. M. (2020) Tick-borne pathogens and their vectors in Kazakhstan - A review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101498), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2020.101498","Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]"]}

176. Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946. A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages have been found on Aves (several orders), Carnivora: Procyonidae; Lagomorpha: Leporidae, Rodentia: Cricetidae, Muridae and Sciuridae, and Soricomorpha: Soricidae. Adults and nymphs have been found on Carnivora: Canidae; adults alone have been collected from Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae, and Artiodactyla: Bovidae; larvae and nymphs have been recovered from Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae, and Rodentia: Dipodidae (Guglielmone & Robbins 2018, Torii et al. 2019). Ixodes pavlovskyi is a frequent parasite of humans. M: Filippova and Ushakova (1967) F: Pomerantzev (1946) N: Filippova and Ushakova (1968) L: Filippova and Ushakova 1968) Redescriptions M: Filippova (1977), Nakao et al. (1992) F: Pomerantzev (1948a, 1950), Filippova and Ushakova (1967), Filippova (1977), Nakao et al. (1992) N: Filippova (1977), Nakao et al. (1992), Fujita and Takada (2007) L: Filippova (1977), Nakao et al. (1992), Fujita and Takada (2007) Note: Filippova and Panova (1998) found differences in the size and proportions of several morphological structures and consequently split this species into two subspecies: Ixodes pavlovskyi pavlovskyi and Ixodes pavlovskyi occidentalis, forms that may, in fact, represent different species., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Pomerantzev, B. I. (1946) Ticks (Family Ixodidae) of the USSR and adjacent countries. Nauka, Moscow, 28 pp. [in Russian]","Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0","Torii, S., Matsuno, K., Qiu, Y., Mori-Kajihara, A., Kajihara, M., Nakao, R., Nao, N., Okazaki, K., Sashika, M., Hiono, T., Okamatsu, M., Sakoda, Y., Ebihara, H., Takada, A. & Sawa, H. (2019) Infection of newly identified phleboviruses in ticks and wild animals in Hokkaido, Japan, indicating tick-borne life cycles. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 328 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.11.012","Filippova, N. A. & Ushakova, G. V. (1967) On the species of the group Ixodes persulcatus (Ixodidae, Parasitiformes). Parazitologiya, 1, 269 - 278. [in Russian]","Filippova, N. A. & Ushakova, G. V. (1968) On species of the group Ixodes persulcatus (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae) III. On the diagnosis of larvae and nymphs of I. pavlovskyi Pom. and I. persulcatus P. Schulze from East Kazakhstan. Parazitologiya, 2, 535 - 542. [in Russian]","Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]","Nakao, M., Miyamoto, K. & Kitaoka, S. (1992) A new record of Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantzev from Hokkaido, Japan (Acari: Ixodidae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 43, 229 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 43.229","Pomerantzev, B. I. (1948 a) New ticks of the genus Ixodes. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 9, 36 - 46. [in Russian]","Pomerantzev, B. I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2), 1 - 224. [in Russian]","Fujita, H. & Takada, N. (2007) Identification of immature ticks in Japan. In: Organization Committee of SADI (Ed.), Acari and Emerging / Reemerging Diseases. Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co, Tokyo, pp. 53 - 68. [in Japanese]","Filippova, N. A. & Panova, I. V. (1998) Geographic variation of all active stages of ontogenesis as a basis for estimate of intraspecific taxonomic structure of Ixodes pavlovskyi (Ixodidae). Parazitologiya, 32, 396 - 411. [in Russian]"]}

11. Ixodes angustus Neumann, 1899. A Nearctic and Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Rodentia: Cricetidae, Muridae and Sciuridae, and Soricomorpha: Soricidae, with a few records from Mammalia (several orders). Ixodes angustus is a sporadic parasite of humans. M: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) F: Neumann (1899) N: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) L: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) Redescriptions M: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Pomerantzev (1950), Gregson (1956), Filippova (1967, 1977), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Robbins and Keirans (1992), Lindquist et al. (2016) F: Neumann (1901), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Pomerantzev (1950), Gregson (1956), Filippova (1967, 1977), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Sonenshine (1979), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Furman and Loomis (1984), Robbins and Keirans (1992), Lindquist et al. (2016) N: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Gregson (1956), Filippova (1967, 1977), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Robbins and Keirans (1992), Durden and Keirans (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016) L: Allred et al. (1960), Clifford et al. (1961), Filippova (1967, 1977), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990), Robbins and Keirans (1992), Kleinjan and Lane (2008), Coley (2015), Lindquist et al. (2016) Note: there are records and descriptions of Ixodes angustus allegedly collected outside the Nearctic and Palearctic Regions, but these are treated here as misidentifications. See Ixodes pomerantzevi concerning its confusion with Ixodes angustus., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294.","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.","Pomerantzev, B. I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2), 1 - 224. [in Russian]","Gregson, J. D. (1956) The Ixodoidea of Canada. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division Publication 930. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 92 pp.","Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1","Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239.","Robbins, R. G. & Keirans, J. E. (1992) Systematics and ecology of the subgenus Ixodiopsis (Acari: Ixodidae: Ixodes). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology Monographs, 14, 1 - 159.","Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186","Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372.","Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691","Sonenshine, D. E, (1979) Ticks of Virginia (Acari: Metastigmata). Insects of Virginia, 13, 1 - 44.","Yamaguti, N. & Kitaoka, S. (1980) Family Ixodidae. In: Ebara, S. (Ed.), Illustrations of the mites and ticks of Japan. Zenkoku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 146 - 161. [in Japanese]","Yamaguti, N. (1981) Key to the Japanese Ixodoidea. In: Sasa, M. & Aoki, J. (Eds.), Advances in Acarology. Hokuryu-Kan, Tokyo, pp. 451 - 472. [in Japanese]","Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp.","Allred, D. M., Beck, D. E. & White, L. D. (1960) Ticks of the genus Ixodes in Utah. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 1 (4), 1 - 42.","Clifford, C. M., Anastos, G. & Elbl, A. (1961) The larval ixodid ticks of the eastern United States (Acarina-Ixodidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5, 214 - 237.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079","Webb, J. P., Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L. (1990) The larval ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) of California. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 15, 73 - 124.","Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S. (2008) Larval keys to the genera of Ixodidae (Acari) and species of Ixodes (Latreille) [sic] ticks established in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84, 121 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2007 - 38.1","Coley, K. (2015) Identification guide to larval stages of ticks of medical importance in the USA. Georgia Southern University Student Research Papers, 110, 1 - 34."]}

52. Ixodes cooleyi Aragão and Fonseca, 1951. A Neotropical species known only from females collected on Rodentia: Ctenomyidae. M: unknown F: Aragão and Fonseca (1951b) N: unknown L: unknown Redescriptions: none Note: Clifford et al. (1973) treat Ixodes cooleyi as a doubtful species, but it is considered valid here.

241. Ixodes ugandanus Neumann, 1906. An Afrotropical species whose adults and nymphs are usually found on Rodentia: Thryonomyidae; adults and nymphs have also been collected from Carnivora: Viverridae, and Rodentia: Nesomyidae and Thryonomyidae; adults alone have been recovered from Carnivora: Herpestidae, and Primates: Lorisidae; nymphs alone have been found on Artiodactyla: Bovidae. There are no records of Ixodes ugandanus causing human parasitism. M: Neumann (1906) F: Neumann (1906) N: Santos Dias (1952b), under the name Ixodes mossambicensis, a synonym of Ixodes ugandanus L: Bedford (1934) Redescriptions M: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Arthur (1965) F: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Santos Dias (1952b, under the name Ixodes mossambicensis), Arthur (1965); see note below N: Arthur (1965) L: Arthur (1965) Note: Matthysse and Colbo (1987) state that females of Ixodes ugandanus collected during their study show important taxonomic differences in coxal spurring in relation to the female of this species described in Arthur (1965). However, Arthur’s (1965) description of the spurring of female Ixodes ugandanus is in agreement with Neumann (1906); therefore, the female of Ixodes ugandanus in Matthysse and Colbo (1987) is of uncertain specific status, and redescriptions by the latter authors are not included in the above lists., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219.","Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1952 b) Uma nova especie de carraca (Acarina-Ixodoidea) para a fauna de Mocambique. Ixodes mossambicensis n. sp. Mocambique, 69, 67 - 76.","Bedford, G. A. H. (1934) South African ticks. Part I. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 2, 49 - 99.","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp."]}

226. Ixodes tancitarius Cooley and Kohls, 1942b. A Nearctic and Neotropical species whose female has been found on Rodentia: Cricetidae. Ixodes tancitarius is a very rare parasite of humans, with a single record treated as provisionally valid by Guglielmone and Robbins (2018). M: unknown F: Cooley and Kohls (1942b) N: unknown L: unknown Redescriptions F: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Guzmán-Cornejo and Robbins (2010), Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1942 b) Ixodes mexicanus n. sp. et Ixodes tancitarius n. sp. dos nuevas garrapatas mexicanas. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 3, 149 - 154.","Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.","Guzman-Cornejo, C. & Robbins, R. G. (2010) The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: adult identification keys, diagnoses, hosts and distribution. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 289 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2010.002.254"]}

30. Ixodes bivari Santos Dias, 1990. A Palearctic species known only to parasitize Lagomorpha: Leporidae. M: Santos Dias (1990) F: Santos Dias (1990) N: Santos Dias (1990) L: unknown Redescriptions: none Note: Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) state that Ixodes bivari may be a synonym of Ixodes ventalloi., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1990) Mais dois novos ixodideos (Acarina, Ixodoidea) para a fauna de Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 4 - 15 (117), 153 - 170.","Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0"]}

53. Ixodes confusus Roberts, 1960. Australasian: 1) Australia, 2) Papua New Guinea (Roberts 1970, Kolonin 2009, Owen 2011, Barker et al. 2022). The specimens used to describe Ixodes confusus by Roberts (1960) were initially misidentified as Ixodes cordifer in Roberts (1955)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Roberts, F. H. S. (1960) A systematic study of the Australian species of the genus Ixodes (Acarina: Ixodidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 8, 392 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9600392","Roberts, F. H. S. (1970) Australian ticks. CSIRO, Melbourne, 267 pp.","Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022.","Owen, I. L. (2011) Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations. Zootaxa, 3143, 1 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3143.1.1","Barker, D., Kelava, S., Seeman, O. D., Shao, R., Seaniger, J. R., Jones, M. K., Apanaskevich, M. A., Nakao, R., Apanaskevich, D. A. & Barker, S. C. (2022) Rediscovery of Ixodes confusus in Australia with the first description of the male from Australia, a redescription of the female, the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of five species of Ixodes. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 18, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijppaw. 2022.03.006","Roberts, F. H. S. (1955) Ixodes cordifer Neumann 1908 (Ixodides: Acarina) a description of the female and a redescription of the male. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 66 (2), 21 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 272106"]}

73. Ixodes drakensbergensis Clifford, Theiler and Baker, 1975b. An Afrotropical species known only to parasitize Artiodactyla: Bovidae. M: Clifford et al. (1975b) F: Clifford et al. (1975b) N: Clifford et al. (1975b) L: Clifford et al. (1975b) Redescriptions M: none F: Horak et al. (2018) N: none L: none, Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Clifford, C. M., Theiler, G. & Baker, M. (1975 b) Ixodes (Afrixodes) drakensbergensis n. sp. from domestic and wild animals in Natal, Republic of South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 42, 33 - 40.","Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9"]}

100. Ixodes himalayensis Dhanda and Kulkarni, 1969a. An Oriental species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Rodentia: Muridae, with provisional records of larvae and nymphs from Soricomorpha: Soricidae in Clifford et al. (1975a). There are no records of Ixodes himalayensis causing human parasitism. M: Shaik (2013) F: Dhanda and Kulkarni (1969a) N: Dhanda and Kulkarni (1969a) L: Dhanda and Kulkarni (1969a) Redescriptions M: none F: none N: Clifford et al. (1975a), Morel and Pérez (1977b); see note below L: Clifford et al. (1975a), Morel and Pérez (1977a); see note below Note: Clifford et al. (1975a) treat their redescriptions of the larva and nymph as Ixodes near himalayensis; those redescriptions are regarded here as provisionally valid., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Dhanda, V. & Kulkarni, S. M. (1969 a) Ixodes himalayensis sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae) parasitizing small mammals in Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Parasitology, 55, 667 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3277313","Clifford, C. M., Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E. (1975 a) The Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 115 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 12.1.115","Morel, P. C. & Perez, C. (1977 b) Morphologie des stases preimaginales des Ixodidae s. str. d'Europe occidentale VI. - Les nymphes des Ixodes s. str. Acarologia, 19, 579 - 586.","Morel, P. C. & Perez, C. (1977 a) Morphologie des stases preimaginales des Ixodidae s. str. d'Europe occidentale V. - Les larves des Ixodes s. str. Acarologia, 19, 395 - 405."]}

203. Ixodes schillingsi Neumann, 1901. An Afrotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Primates: Cercopithecidae; adults alone have been collected from Rodentia: Cricetidae and Sciuridae; nymphs and larvae have been recovered from Primates: Galagidae. Ixodes schillingsi is a very rare parasite of humans. M: Neumann (1910a) F: Neumann (1901) N: Nuttall and Warburton (1911) L: Arthur (1958b) Redescriptions M: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Hoogstraal (1956a), Arthur (1958b, 1965), Matthysse and Colbo (1987) F: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Hoogstraal (1956a), Arthur (1958b, 1965), Matthysse and Colbo (1987) N: Arthur (1958b, 1965) L: Arthur (1965), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a) Note: see Ixodes rageaui for its confusion with Ixodes schillingsi., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372.","Neumann, L. G. (1910 a) Sur quelques especes d'Ixodidae nouvelles ou insuffisamment connues. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 9, 12, 161 - 176.","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Arthur, D. R. (1958 b) The Ixodes schillingsi group: ticks of Africa and Madagascar, parasitic on primates, with descriptions of two new species (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parasitology, 47, 544 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000022174","Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050.29. 07. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp.","Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079"]}

231. Ixodes texanus Banks, 1909. A Nearctic species with one record from the Neotropical Region, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Carnivora: Mustelidae and Procyonidae, but they have also been collected from Mammalia (several orders). Ixodes texanus is a rare parasite of humans. M: Cooley and Kohls (1945) F: Banks (1909) N: Cooley and Kohls (1945) L: Allred et al. (1960) Redescriptions M: Gregson (1956), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Lindquist et al. (2016) F: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Gregson (1956), Lancaster (1973), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Lindquist et al. (2016) N: Gregson (1956), Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Durden and Keirans (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016) L: Clifford et al. (1961), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990), Kleinjan and Lane (2008), Coley (2015), Lindquist et al. (2016) Note: Ondrejicka et al. (2016) present molecular evidence that more than one species may be included under the name Ixodes texanus., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 71-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Banks, N. (1909) Three new ticks from the United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 10, 170 - 173.","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.","Allred, D. M., Beck, D. E. & White, L. D. (1960) Ticks of the genus Ixodes in Utah. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 1 (4), 1 - 42.","Gregson, J. D. (1956) The Ixodoidea of Canada. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division Publication 930. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 92 pp.","Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1","Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239.","Keirans, J. E. & Litwak, T. R. (1989) Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 435 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.5.435","Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Lancaster, J. L. (1973) A guide to the ticks of Arkansas. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Arkansas, 779, 1 - 39.","Sonenshine, D. E, (1979) Ticks of Virginia (Acari: Metastigmata). Insects of Virginia, 13, 1 - 44.","Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp.","Clifford, C. M., Anastos, G. & Elbl, A. (1961) The larval ixodid ticks of the eastern United States (Acarina-Ixodidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5, 214 - 237.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079","Webb, J. P., Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L. (1990) The larval ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) of California. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 15, 73 - 124.","Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S. (2008) Larval keys to the genera of Ixodidae (Acari) and species of Ixodes (Latreille) [sic] ticks established in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84, 121 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2007 - 38.1","Coley, K. (2015) Identification guide to larval stages of ticks of medical importance in the USA. Georgia Southern University Student Research Papers, 110, 1 - 34.","Ondrejicka, D. A., Morey, K. C. & Hanner, R. H. (2016) DNA barcodes identify medically important tick species in Canada. Genome, 64, 74 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / gen- 2015 - 0179"]}

18. Ixodes asanumai Kitaoka, 1973. Chiefly a Palearctic species, with a few records from the Oriental Region. All parasitic stages are usually found on Squamata: Lacertidae, with rare records of adult ticks from Carnivora: Canidae, and nymphs from Aves (Passeriformes) and Squamata (Scincidae). Ixodes asanumai is a very rare parasite of humans. M: Kitaoka (1973) F: Kitaoka (1973) N: Hayashi and Hasegawa (1983) L: Hayashi and Hasegawa (1983) Redescriptions M: Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Hayashi and Hasegawa (1983) F: Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Hayashi and Hasegawa (1983) N: Fujita and Takada (2007) L: Fujita and Takada (2007) Note: Camicas et al. (1998) state that the larva and nymph of Ixodes asanumai are undescribed, but both stages were described in Hayashi and Hasegawa (1983)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Kitaoka, S. (1973) Ixodes asanumai sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from the Amami-Oshima islands and Miyake island, Japan. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly, 13, 137 - 141.","Hayashi, F. & Hasegawa, M. (1983). Immature stages and reproductive characteristics of the lizard tick, Ixodes asanumai (Acarina: Ixodidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 18, 315 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 18.315","Yamaguti, N. & Kitaoka, S. (1980) Family Ixodidae. In: Ebara, S. (Ed.), Illustrations of the mites and ticks of Japan. Zenkoku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 146 - 161. [in Japanese]","Yamaguti, N. (1981) Key to the Japanese Ixodoidea. In: Sasa, M. & Aoki, J. (Eds.), Advances in Acarology. Hokuryu-Kan, Tokyo, pp. 451 - 472. [in Japanese]","Fujita, H. & Takada, N. (2007) Identification of immature ticks in Japan. In: Organization Committee of SADI (Ed.), Acari and Emerging / Reemerging Diseases. Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co, Tokyo, pp. 53 - 68. [in Japanese]","Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp."]}

202. Ixodes rotundatus Arthur, 1958c. Afrotropical: 1) Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2) Kenya, 3) Uganda (Theiler 1962, Elbl & Anastos 1966 b, Walker 1974, Matthysse & Colbo 1987, Kolonin 2009)., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Arthur, D. R. (1958 c) New species of Ixodes ticks from eastern Africa, with a description of the male and nymph of Ixodes oldi Nuttall, 1913. Parasitology, 48, 38 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000021053","Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp.","Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 b) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume II. Genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Annales du Musee Royal de I ' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (146) 205 pp.","Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp.","Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp.","Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022."]}

124. Ixodes laysanensis Wilson, 1964a. A species known from central Pacific islands whose adults and nymphs have been found on Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae and Laridae, Procellariiformes: Procellariidae, and Suliformes: Fregatidae and Sulidae; nymphs alone have been collected from Procellariiformes: Diomedeidae; while larvae alone have been recovered from Passeriformes: Fringillidae. There are no records of Ixodes laysanensis causing human parasitism. M: Kohls and Clifford (1967b) F: Wilson (1964a) N: Wilson (1964a) L: Kohls and Clifford (1967b) Redescriptions M: Keirans and Clifford (1978) F: Keirans and Clifford (1978) N: Durden and Keirans (1996) L: none, Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Wilson, N. (1964 a) Ixodes laysanensis, a new species of tick from birds on Laysan Island (Metastigmata: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 1, 165 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 1.2.165","Kohls, G. M. & Clifford, C. M. (1967 b) The male and larva of Ixodes laysanensis Wilson with notes on rearing (Acarina, Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 4, 83 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 4.2.83","Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1","Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp."]}

122. Ixodes lasallei Méndez Arocha and Ortiz, 1958. A Neotropical species whose females are usually found on Rodentia: Cuniculidae and Dasyproctidae, but they have also been collected from Carnivora: Felidae, and Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae. See also the note below. There are no records of Ixodes lasallei causing human parasitism. M: Apanaskevich and Bermúdez (2017); see note below F: Méndez Arocha and Ortiz (1958) N: unknown; see note below L: unknown; see note below Redescriptions M: none F: Apanaskevich and Bermúdez (2017) Note: the male of Ixodes lasallei described in Kohls and Clifford (1966) in fact corresponds to the male of Ixodes bocatorensis, as explained in Apanaskevich and Bermúdez (2017) when describing the male of Ixodes lasallei. Guglielmone et al. (2014) treated as provisionally valid records of the undescribed larva and nymph of Ixodes lasallei, but this position changed after the closely related Ixodes bocatorensis was described, especially since both species share hosts and have similar distributions, casting doubt on the specific status of immature stages., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Mendez Arocha, M. & Ortiz, I. (1958) Revision de las garrapatas venezolanas del genero Ixodes Latreille, 1795 y estudio de un nuevo Amblyomma (Acarina: Ixodidae). Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 18, 196 - 208.","Apanaskevich, D. A. & Bermudez, S. E. (2017) Description of a new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. lasallei Mendez & Ortiz, 1958, parasites of agoutis and pacas (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae, Cuniculidae) in Central and South America. Systematic Parasitology, 94, 463 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 017 - 9718 - 4","Kohls, G. M. & Clifford, C. M. (1966) Three new species of Ixodes from Mexico and description of the male of I. auritulus auritulus Neumann, I. conepati Cooley and Kohls, and I. lasallei Mendez and Ortiz (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 52, 810 - 820. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3276462"]}

146. Ixodes montoyanus Cooley, 1944a. A Neotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Artiodactyla: Cervidae; adult ticks have been collected from Carnivora: Procyonidae. There are no records of Ixodes montoyanus causing human parasitism. M: Keirans (1973) F: Cooley (1944a) N: Keirans (1973) L: Keirans (1973) Redescriptions M: none F: Keirans (1973) N: none L: none, Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Cooley, R. A. (1944 a) Ixodes montoyanus (Ixodidae) a new tick from Colombia. Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Pan-Americana, 23, 804 - 806."]}

24. Ixodes bakeri Arthur and Clifford, 1961. An Afrotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages have been found on Soricomorpha: Soricidae, and Rodentia: Muridae, with a single record of a female tick from Macroscelidea: Macroscelididae. There are no records of Ixodes bakeri causing human parasitism. M: Clifford et al. (1976) F: Arthur and Clifford (1961) N: Clifford et al. (1976) L: Clifford et al. (1976) Redescriptions M: none F: Arthur (1965) N: none L: none, Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Arthur, D. R. & Clifford, C. M (1961) Ixodes bakeri, a new species of tick from Nyasaland. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63, 272 - 275.","Clifford, C. M., Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. (1976) Ixodes (Afrixodes) bakeri Arthur & Clifford, 1961 (Acarina: Ixodidae): description of the male and immature stages from rodents and insectivores and notes on its biology in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 43, 105 - 112."]}

134. Ixodes macfarlanei Keirans, Clifford and Walker, 1982. An Afrotropical species whose adults have been found on Carnivora: Viverridae, and Artiodactyla: Bovidae. There are no records of Ixodes macfarlanei causing human parasitism. M: Keirans et al. (1982) F: Keirans et al. (1982) N: unknown L: unknown Redescriptions M: Matthysse and Colbo (1987) F: Matthysse and Colbo (1987) Note: see Ixodes oldi for a discussion of the problems involved in morphologically identifying the species constituting the oldi group, to which Ixodes macfarlanei belongs., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Keirans, J. E., Clifford, C. M. & Walker, J. B. (1982) The Ixodes (Afroixodes) oldi group (Acari: Ixodidae) from sub-Saharan Africa with descriptions of five new species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 19, 309 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 19.3.309","Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp."]}

172. Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899. An Oriental and Palearctic species whose adult and immature stages have been found on Carnivora: Canidae, Felidae and Ursidae, Lagomorpha: Leporidae and Ochotonidae, and Rodentia: Muridae; adults alone have been collected from Mammalia (several orders), and Galliformes: Phasianidae; immature stages alone have been recovered from Carnivora: Mustelidae, Rodentia: Cricetidae, Scandentia: Tupaiidae, Soricomorpha: Soricidae and Talpidae, and Passeriformes: Emberizidae. Ixodes ovatus is a frequent parasite of humans. M: Nuttall (1916), under the name Ixodes japonensis, a synonym of Ixodes ovatus; see note below F: Neumann (1899) N: Asanuma and Sekikawa (1952), under the provisional name Ixodes sp. 52, as explained in Yamaguti et al. (1971) L: Asanuma and Sekikawa (1952), under the provisional name Ixodes sp. 6, as explained in Yamaguti et al. (1971) Redescriptions M: Yamaguti et al. (1971), Hoogstraal et al. (1973a), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Teng and Jiang (1991), Yamauchi and Takada (2015) F: Neumann (1911a), Morel (1963b), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Hoogstraal et al. (1973a), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Teng and Jiang (1991), Yamauchi and Takada (2015) N: Yamaguti et al. (1971), Hoogstraal et al. (1973a), Teng and Jiang (1991), Fujita and Takada (2007) L: Yamaguti et al. (1971), Hoogstraal et al. (1973a), Teng and Jiang (1991), Fujita and Takada (2007) Note: according to Neumann (1911a), Morel (1963b) and others, the male described in Neumann (1899) as Ixodes ovatus does not represent this species. Hoogstraal et al. (1973a) state that two or three species may be included under the name Ixodes ovatus, a hypothesis also supported by Li et al. (2018) after molecular analyses of different populations of this tick. The latter authors listed as found in the USA (Nearctic Region) a specimen of Ixodes ovatus used to obtain a 16S gene sequence, but that specimen was actually collected in the Palearctic Region. See also Ixodes succineus (fossil) for its relationship to Ixodes ovatus., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294.","Nuttall, G. H. F. (1916) Notes on ticks. IV. Relating to the genus Ixodes and including a description of three new species and two varieties. Parasitology, 8, 294 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000010623","Asanuma, K. & Sekikawa, K. (1952) Studies on ticks of the genus Ixodes parasitic on small rodents of the superfamily Muroidea in the Japanese Islands (a preliminary report). Miscellaneous Report of the Research Institute for Natural Resources, 28, 107 - 116. [in Japanese]","Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691","Hoogstraal, H., Clifford, C. M., Saito, Y. & Keirans, J. E. (1973 a) Ixodes (Partipalpiger) ovatus Neumann, subgen. nov.: identity, hosts, ecology, and distribution (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 10, 157 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 10.2.157","Yamaguti, N. & Kitaoka, S. (1980) Family Ixodidae. In: Ebara, S. (Ed.), Illustrations of the mites and ticks of Japan. Zenkoku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 146 - 161. [in Japanese]","Yamaguti, N. (1981) Key to the Japanese Ixodoidea. In: Sasa, M. & Aoki, J. (Eds.), Advances in Acarology. Hokuryu-Kan, Tokyo, pp. 451 - 472. [in Japanese]","Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]","Yamauchi, T. & Takada, A. (2015) Illustrations of common adult ticks in the mainland Japan. Bulletin of the Hoshizaki Green Foundation, 18, 287 - 305.","Neumann, L. G. (1911 a) Ixodidae. Das Tierreich, 26, 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22339","Morel, P. C. (1963 b) Identite d' Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899 (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 38, 925 - 928. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1963386925","Fujita, H. & Takada, N. (2007) Identification of immature ticks in Japan. In: Organization Committee of SADI (Ed.), Acari and Emerging / Reemerging Diseases. Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co, Tokyo, pp. 53 - 68. [in Japanese]","Li, L. H., Zhang, Y., Wang, J. Z., Li, X. S., Yin, S. Q., Zhu, D., Xue, J. B. & Li, S. G. (2018) High genetic diversity in hard ticks from a China-Myanmar border county. Parasites & Vectors, 11 (article 469), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 018 - 3048 - 5"]}

94. Ixodes gregsoni Lindquist, Wu and Redner, 1999. A Nearctic species, all of whose known parasitic stages are usually found on Carnivora: Mustelidae; female ticks have also been collected from Carnivora: Felidae. There are no records of Ixodes gregsoni causing human parasitism. M: unknown; see note below F: Lindquist et al. (1999) N: Lindquist et al. (1999) L: Lindquist et al. (1999) Redescriptions F: Lindquist et al. (2016) N: Lindquist et al. (2016) L: Lindquist et al. (2016) Note: Guglielmone et al. (2014) state, erroneously, that the male of Ixodes gregsoni is described., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Lindquist, E. E., Wu, K. W. & Redner, J. H. (1999) A new species of the tick genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitic on mustelids (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Canada. Canadian Entomologist, 131, 151 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 131151 - 2","Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186"]}

183. Ixodes pomerantzevi Serdjukova, 1941. A Palearctic species, all of whose known parasitic stages have been found on Rodentia: Muridae and Sciuridae, but larvae and nymphs are commonly recovered from Rodentia: Cricetidae; female ticks alone have been collected from Carnivora: Canidae. There are no records of Ixodes pomerantzevi causing human parasitism. M: unknown F: Serdjukova (1941), under the name Ixodes pomeranzevi (lapsus), and amended in Pomerantzev (1950) N: Serdjukova (1941), under the name Ixodes pomeranzevi (lapsus) L: Emel’yanova and Koshkin (1962), under the name Ixodes angustus; see note below Redescriptions F: Pomerantzev (1950), Filippova (1967, 1977), Teng and Jiang (1991), Robbins and Keirans (1992) N: Emel’yanova and Koshkin (1962), under the name Ixodes angustus, Filippova (1967, 1977), Teng and Jiang (1991), Robbins and Keirans (1992); see note below L: Filippova (1967, 1977), Teng and Jiang (1991), Robbins and Keirans (1992) Note: according to Filippova (1967), the descriptions of the larva and nymph of Ixodes angustus in Emel’yanova and Koshkin (1962) correspond, in fact, to the larva and nymph of Ixodes pomerantzevi., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Serdjukova, G. V. (1941) Relict tick I. pomeranzevi [sic] sp. n. Doklady Akademy Nauk SSSR, 32, 519 - 522. [in Russian]","Pomerantzev, B. I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2), 1 - 224. [in Russian]","Emel'yanova, N. D. & Koshkin, S. M. (1962) Description of larvae and nymphs of Ixodes angustus Neum., and some data on its biology. Izvestiya Irkutskogo Gosudarstvenogo Nauchno-ssledovatel'kogo Protivochumnogo Instituta Sibiri I Dal'nego Vostoka, 24, 344 - 348.","Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]","Robbins, R. G. & Keirans, J. E. (1992) Systematics and ecology of the subgenus Ixodiopsis (Acari: Ixodidae: Ixodes). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology Monographs, 14, 1 - 159."]}