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1. Status of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility and the first beam operations with the full size prototype ion source

Author

Serianni G., Toigo V., Boilson D., Rotti C., Bonicelli T., Kashiwagi M., and Singh M.

Subjects
ITER, Neutral Beam Test Facility, full-size prototype ion source, NBTF
Abstract

The present contribution is devoted to the neutral beam injectors (NBIs) for ITER heating and current-drive. First, updated information is provided about the development status of the entire NBI prototype (MITICA); starting in 2021, the first experiments will be dedicated to high-voltage holding tests in vacuum. Then the contribution describes the full-scale prototype of the NBI ion source (SPIDER) and the activities performed in the first two years of operation, devoted to investigating the operational regimes of the ion source and verifying the performances of the various plants in view of extensive beam operation. Some improvements have already been implemented; others are being prepared for the next shutdown. The characterisation of the SPIDER plasma is presented and the results of the first beam operations are reported.

Published
2021

2. Achievement of DC 1 MV insulation in high-voltage power supply for ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility

Author

Tobari H., Kashiwagi M., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Yamashita Y., Kojima A., Dairaku M., Sasaki S., Shibata N., Hiratsuka J., Konno S., Boldrin M., Zanotto L., Dal Bello S., Toigo V., Simon M., and Decamps H.

Subjects
1 MV power supply system, high-voltage insulation test, ITER, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF
Abstract

In the ITER neutral beam (NB) system, deuterium negative ion beam with 1 MeV, 40 A for 3600 s is required for plasma heating and current drive. The NB Test Facility (NBTF) is now being constructed in Padova, Italy, to achieve such high requirement prior to the ITER operation. Japan procures DC 1 MV power supply (PS) components for the NBTF and the ITER NB. Since this PS consists of various kinds of component with 100 m long, manufacturing and factory test have been performed over five years, and shipping and installation have been proceeded in parallel step by step as presented in the last FEC [A]. The on-site assembling technique for such complicated 1MV PS components is one of challenges not only for the ITER NB but also typical electrical components. As recent progress in the last two years, completion of assembly and also high-voltage insulation test of DC 1 MV power supply components are reported.

Published
2021

3. Completion of Assembly and High-Voltage Insulation Test of DC 1 MV Power Supply System for the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility

Author

Tobari H., Kashiwagi M., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Yamashita Y., Kojima A., Dairaku M., Sasaki S., Shibata N., Hiratsuka J., Konno S., Boldrin M., Zanotto L., Dal Bello S., Toigo V., Simon M., and Decamps H.

Subjects
1 MV power supply system, high-voltage insulation test, ITER, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF
Abstract

In the ITER neutral beam (NB) system, deuterium negative ion beam with 1 MeV, 40 A for 3600 s is required for plasma heating and current drive. The NB Test Facility (NBTF) is now being constructed in Padova, Italy, to achieve such high requirement prior to the ITER operation. Japan procures DC 1 MV power supply (PS) components for the NBTF and the ITER NB. Since this PS consists of various kinds of component with 100 m long, manufacturing and factory test have been performed over five years, and shipping and installation have been proceeded in parallel step by step as presented in the last FEC [A]. The on-site assembling technique for such complicated 1MV PS components is one of challenges not only for the ITER NB but also typical electrical components. As recent progress in the last two years, completion of assembly and also high-voltage insulation test of DC 1 MV power supply components are reported.

Published
2021

4. Progress of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility project

Author

Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Boilson D., Rotti C., Bonicelli T., Paolucci F., Chakraborty A., and Kashiwagi M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, SPIDER
Abstract

This paper gives an overview of the progress of the Neutral Beam Test Facility realization, including the experimental status of SPIDER.

Published
2019

5. Achievement of DC 1 MV Insulation in High-Voltage Power Supply for ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility

Author

Kashiwagi M., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Yamashita Y., Boldrin M., Zanotto L., Dal Bello, S., Toigo V., Simon M., Escudero Gomez G., Paolucci F., Bonicelli T., and Decamps H.

Subjects
Neutral beam injector (NBI), ITER, NBTF, High-voltage power supply
Abstract

Toward the ITER neutral beam (NB) system operating at DC -1 MV, several insulating techniques with oil, gas (air, SF6) and in vacuum have been developed. For the NB Test Facility (NBTF) established in Padua (Italy), the DC 1 MV power supply (PS) components such as transformers, transmission line, HV Deck and HV bushing have been manufactured, installed and the on-site acceptance tests have started to ensure compliance with the ITER requirement in advance of the ITER. The 1 MV acceleration voltage to produce deuterium negative ion beams with 1 MeV, 40 A for 3600 sec is obtained with five-stage (200kV each) DC generator (transformer and rectifier) and transmitted to the beam source in a single SF6-gas insulated transmission line (pressurized tanks) with length of ~100 m. During the installation of the transmission line, increase of contact resistance at connection points of the inner conductor inside the transmission line were observed. For such a long component, the tanks cannot be closed just after connecting the conductor. Thus, exposure to the air for several months induced the increase of the contact resistance. To avoid an electric and thermal impact on high-current conductors, a recovery technique of the contact resistance without disconnection was investigated. Finally, most of PS component have been installed and the voltage holding test for each section of the PS system as the on-site acceptance test has started. In this paper, recent progress of voltage holding test of the ITER NBTF DC 1 MV high-voltage PS including European component is reported.

Published
2019

6. Start of SPIDER operation towards ITER Neutral Beams

Author

Serianni G., Toigo V., Chitarin G., Boilson D., Rotti C., Bonicelli T., Chakraborty A., Fantz U., Kashiwagi M., Tsumori K., and NBTF team

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, SPIDER
Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control plasma configuration in ITER, the next step towards establishing nuclear fusion as viable energy source, suitable combination of additional heating and current drive systems is necessary. Among them, two Neutral Beam Injectors (NBI) will provide 33MW hydrogen/deuterium particles electrostatically accelerated to 1MeV; efficient gas-cell neutralization at such beam energy requires negative ions, obtained by caesium-catalysed surface conversion of hydrogen/deuterium atoms in the ion source. ITER NBI requirements have never been simultaneously attained; so a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was set up at Consorzio RFX (Italy). Experiments will verify continuous NBI operation for one hour, under stringent requirements for beam divergence (

Published
2018

7. Development of –1 MV DC Filter and High‐Voltage DC Measurement Systems for ITER NBI.

Author

TAKAHASHI, A. K. E. S. H. I., TANAKA, T. O. S. H. I. A. K. I., FUJITA, H. I. R. O. Y. U. K. I., HIRANUMA, Y. U. K. I., ICHIMURA, S. A. T. O. S. H. I., WATANABE, K. A. Z. U. H. I. R. O., KASHIWAGI, M. I. E. K. O., and MAEJIMA, T. E. T. S. U. Y. A.

Subjects
ELECTRIC circuit design & construction, DIRECT current circuits, FUSION reactors, NUCLEAR fusion
Abstract

SUMMARY: This paper presents the development results of a −1 MV dc filter and dc measurement systems for an ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) neutral beam injector (NBI) system. High accuracy of 0.5% and fast responsivity of 3.3 μs, −3 dB are required for the dc measurement systems: both dc voltage dividers and DCCTs. Circuit design and thermal flow design were carried out to clarify and minimize their effects on the accuracy and responsivity. The validity of the established design was demonstrated by the actual‐product tests; temperature rise of each components fell below the allowable value; inner components of dc filter withstood dc −1.2 MV; each voltage divider accurately measured the voltage during the dc −1.2 MV withstand voltage test; the voltage dividers and the DCCTs were adequate to the requirements of responsivity (3.3 μs, −3 dB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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8. Development of DC‐1 MV Ultrahigh Voltage Generator for ITER.

Author

TAKAHASHI, A. K. E. S. H. I., TANAKA, T. O. S. H. I. A. K. I., YAMAGUCHI, K. O. H. E. I., FUJITA, H. I. R. O. Y. U. K. I., HIRANUMA, Y. U. K. I., ICHIMURA, S. A. T. O. S. H. I., WATANABE, K. A. Z. U. H. I. R. O., KASHIWAGI, M. I. E. K. O., and MAEJIMA, T. E. T. S. U. Y. A.

Subjects
HIGH voltages, UHF devices, ELECTRIC generators, GAS insulation in electric switchgears, ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
Abstract

SUMMARY: This paper presents development results of a five‐stage DC‐1MV Ultrahigh Voltage Generator for ITER. Each generator outputs −200 kV, and the total five generators are connected in series and outputs −1 MV. In order to realize the DC‐1MV output and 1‐h continuous operation, a feasibility of both gas insulation and gas cooling for semiconductor devices was validated. A simplified structure with stud‐type diodes and heatsinks resulted in the compatibility of enough insulation distance and wide cooling surface. Withstand voltage tests and a temperature rise test were performed for the actual equipment of the rectifier and the step‐up transformer. These test results verified the validity of the proposed design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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9. Analysis on acceleration of DT-mixed ion beams in a negative ion accelerator for a DT-mixed Neutral Beam Injector.

Author

Kojima, A., Kashiwagi, M., Matsuda, S., Hanada, M., Hayashi, T., Ichikawa, M., Hiratsuka, J., Nishikiori, R., Umeda, N., Tobari, H., and Watanabe, K.

Subjects
*ACCELERATION (Mechanics), *DEUTERIUM compounds, *NEUTRAL beams, *TRITIUM, *ANIONS, *BEAM optics, *BEAM injection
Abstract

In order to reduce the tritium inventory in a fuel circulation system in fusion plants, a possibility of deuterium-tritium (DT) mixed neutral beam injectors with DT negative ion beams has been investigated by analyzing the beam optics of the DT-mixed negative ion beams for the first time. In a two-dimensional beam analysis, DT-mixed ion beams could be accelerated regardless of the DT current mixing ratio (T/D) from the identical acceleration geometry with the identical applied voltages by adjusting total space charge for the D and T components. However, in a three-dimensional beam analysis including magnetic fields, the DT-mixed ion beams were separated due to a mass dependence of the beam deflection by orthogonal magnetic fields of an electron suppression and transverse filter fields for negative ion production. In the case of the beamline for ITER, which requires beam deflection angle within ±1 mrad, the operational range for the DT-mixed ion beams was found to be the DT current mixing ratio of 0.7-1.5 and beam energy of 0.9-1.0 MeV. Although the operational range was not wide, the DT-mixed beam was found to be feasible in terms of the beam acceleration. These analyses also contribute to the study of the acceleration of other mixed ion beams such as impurity or heavy ions, which are useful techniques for diagnostic beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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10. DC Ultrahigh Voltage Insulation Technology for 1 MV Power Supply System for Fusion Application.

Author

Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Kashiwagi, M., Yamanaka, H., Maejima, T., Terunuma, Y., Kojima, A., Dairaku, M., and Hanada, M.

Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of electric lines, POWER resources, ELECTRIC insulators & insulation, PLASMA beam injection heating, CURRENT transformers (Instrument transformer)
Abstract

To realize dc 1 MV power supply system for neutral beam injector in ITER, long-pulse dc ultrahigh-voltage (HV) insulation technologies have been developed. For a dc 1 MV insulating transformer, a composite bushing has been newly developed to overcome the manufacturing difficulty of a conventional condenser bushing (CB). The composite bushing has a small-sized CB and fiber reinforced plastic tube to sustain 1 MV stably inside and outside of the bushing. The mock-up of the insulating transformer has fulfilled the ITER requirement of dc 1.2 MV insulation for 3600 s. An HV bushing to transmit multiple voltages simultaneously has also been developed through a careful experimental study on vacuum insulation characteristics with multiple gaps between large electrodes. It has been found that the voltage holding is dominated not by number of the electrodes but by a total cathode surface area of electrodes. Based on this result, the vacuum insulation inside the HV bushing with five electrostatic screens has been designed to realize a stable vacuum insulation of 1 MV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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11. Development of 1MeV accelerator and HV bushing at JAEA toward ITER Neutral Beam system

Author

Umeda, N., Taniguchi, M., Kashiwagi, M., Dairaku, M., Hanada, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Sakamoto, K., and Inoue, T.

Subjects
*PARTICLE accelerators, *ELECTRIC insulators & insulation, *FUSION reactors, *NEUTRAL beams, *HYDROGEN ions, *TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics), *ION bombardment
Abstract

Abstract: This paper reports R&D progress of the MeV class accelerator, beam focussing technique and a high voltage (HV) bushing toward the ITER Neutral Beam system at JAEA. A H− ion beam of 320mA (current density: 140A/m2) was successfully accelerated up to 796keV by fixing air leak in the ion source chamber caused by heat loading due to backstream positive ions. From analyses of a three-dimensional beam trajectory, a countermeasure against beamlet deflection due to space charge repulsion among beamlets was identified to compensate the deflection by proper aperture offset in the electron suppression grid. For development of the HV bushing, a half-size (Ø800mm) mockup single stage bushing was manufactured and tested, that demonstrated the dc voltage holding capability of up to 220kV in a condition with vacuum inside. Electrostatic analyses and design of the HV bushing are in progress, in which some design improvements are suggested to reduce electric field strength on the surface of ceramic insulator. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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12. Development of beam source and bushing for ITER NB system

Author

Inoue, T., Hanada, M., Kashiwagi, M., Taniguchi, M., Tobari, H., Dairaku, M., Umeda, N., Watanabe, K., Sakamoto, K., and Ikeda, Y.

Subjects
*ISOSTATIC pressing, *POWDER metallurgy, *MAGNETIC separators, *HIGH pressure (Technology)
Abstract

Abstract: The paper reports recent progress of R&D towards the beam source and HV bushing of the ITER Neutral Beam System. A new magnetic configuration with a “tent” magnetic filter was tested to suppress localization of fast electrons in a large negative ion source. The result was a drastic improvement of the negative ion uniformity with a beam intensity deviation less than ±4%. This fulfills the requirement of ITER (deviation ≤±5%). In a 1MeV accelerator development, experiment of high current beam acceleration is in progress. The H− ion beams of 0.24A has been obtained so far, at beam energy of 800keV. Concerning the insulator rings of the HV bushing, a new cold-isostatic press method was developed to press alumina powder to the ring form. Formation and sintering of a full-scale (1.56m in diameter) ceramic insulator ring was successfully completed without damages or cracks in the ceramic body. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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13. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Piergiorgio Sonato, Hitesh Patel, A. Sottocornola, Veena Gupta, B. Raval, G. Rostagni, M. Spolaore, M. Fadone, A. Patel, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Gambetta, M. Recchia, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Brombin, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Zaupa, J.F. Moreno, Giuseppe Marchiori, W. Kraus, P. Tinti, G. Serianni, G. Kouzmenko, Gabriele Manduchi, V. Antoni, A. Zamengo, F. Paolucci, Giuseppe Chitarin, M. Battistella, Tullio Bonicelli, C. Labate, V. Pilard, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, E. Ocello, Roberto Cavazzana, D. Boilson, Vanni Toigo, Barbara Zaniol, Marco Cavenago, F. Geli, A. De Lorenzi, M. Dremel, M. De Muri, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Schunke, M. Urbani, P. Jain, Namita Singh, T. Patton, A. Tonti, R. Delogu, N. Pomaro, A. Rousseau, F. Gasparini, T. Maejima, Naotaka Umeda, Ursel Fantz, H. Dhola, Marco Barbisan, C. Rotti, Lennart Svensson, M. Valente, Simone Peruzzo, G. Gomez, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Bernd Heinemann, Hiroyuki Tobari, Pierluigi Veltri, S. Manfrin, M. Siragusa, Muriel Simon, Luca Grando, Ujjwal Baruah, Silvia Spagnolo, F. Panin, A. Muraro, A.K. Chakraborty, A. Fiorentin, Adriano Luchetta, P. Zaccaria, G. Mico, A. Maistrello, C. Poggi, A. Masiello, M. Bigi, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, S. Ochoa, P. Blatchford, Gabriele Croci, Y. Xue, A. Pimazzoni, Piero Agostinetti, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Marica Rebai, B. Chuilon, M. Dan, M. Moresco, L. Zanotto, A. Garbuglia, S. Denizeau, J. Chareyre, S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, M. Ugoletti, Emanuele Sartori, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Dalla Palma, J. Graceffa, M. Boldrin, S. Sasaki, Alberto Ferro, F. Fellin, S. Dal Bello, M. Tardocchi, E. Bragulat, Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo, V., Dal Bello, S., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., Denizeau, S., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Fiorentin, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Chareyre, J., Decamps, H., Dremel, M., Graceffa, J., Geli, F., Schunke, B., Svensson, L., Urbani, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Garbuglia, A., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L., Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Labate, C., Mico, G., Moreno, J. F., Pilard, V., Kouzmenko, G., Rousseau, A., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maejima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Sasaki, S., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Patel, H., Singh, N. P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Gupta, V., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Cavenago, M., Hanke, S., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., D'Arienzo, M., Sandri, S., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Test facility, ITER, neutral beam injector, PRIMA: the ITER neutral beam test facility (NBTF), SPIDER, Nuclear engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Neutral beam injector, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019
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14. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

D. Marcuzzi, V. Toigo, M. Boldrin, G. Chitarin, S. Dal Bello, L. Grando, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, G. Serianni, L. Zanotto, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, D. Aprile, M. Barbisan, M. Battistella, G. Berton, M. Bigi, M. Brombin, V. Candela, V. Candeloro, A. Canton, R. Casagrande, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, L. Cordaro, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, M. Dan, A. De Lorenzi, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, M. Fadone, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, F. Gnesotto, P. Jain, A. La Rosa, D. Lopez-Bruna, R. Lorenzini, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, N. Marconato, I. Mario, G. Martini, R. Milazzo, T. Patton, S. Peruzzo, N. Pilan, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, N. Pomaro, B. Pouradier-Duteil, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, D. Rizzetto, A. Rizzolo, F. Santoro, E. Sartori, B. Segalini, A. Shepherd, M. Siragusa, P. Sonato, A. Sottocornola, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Tinti, P. Tomsič, L. Trevisan, M. Ugoletti, M. Valente, M. Valisa, F. Veronese, M. Vignando, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, B. Zaniol, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, M. Cavenago, D. Boilson, C. Rotti, H. Decamps, F. Geli, A. Sharma, P. Veltri, J. Zacks, M. Simon, F. Paolucci, A. Garbuglia, D. Gutierrez, A. Masiello, G. Mico, C. Labate, P. Readman, E. Bragulat, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, G. Kouzmenko, F. Albajar, M. Kashiwagi, H. Tobari, A. Kojima, M. Murayama, S. Hatakeyama, E. Oshita, T. Maejima, N. Shibata, Y. Yamashita, K. Watanabe, N.P. Singh, M.J. Singh, H. Dhola, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, C. Wimmer, D. Wünderlich, K. Tsumori, G. Croci, G. Gorini, A. Muraro, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, D. Rigamonti, F. Taccogna, D. Bruno, M. Rutigliano, S. Longo, S. Deambrosis, E. Miorin, F. Montagner, A. Tonti, F. Panin, Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, and Panin, F

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), iter, Mechanical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, nbtf, neutral beam injector, mitica, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics - Accelerator Physics, General Materials Science, spider, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities.In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and char-acterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accel-erator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full perfor-mances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters).Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accel-erator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning.Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confirm 1 MV output by combining invertor systems, DC gener-ators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, said events have been addressed and solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed.Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion. The lessons learned during the implementation on NBTF and future perspectives are here discussed.

Published
2023

15. Realization of a Magnetically Compensated Extraction Grid for performance improvement of next generation NBI.

Author

Aprile, Daniele, Agostinetti, P., Baltador, C., Hiratsuka, J., Ichikawa, M., Kashiwagi, M., Kojima, A., Marconato, N., Sartori, E., Serianni, G., Veltri, P., Yoshida, M., and Chitarin, G.

Subjects
*NEUTRAL beams, *PERMANENT magnets, *GRID cells, *ELECTRONS, *RADIOLOGICAL research
Abstract

A common problem of the multi-beamlet, negative-ion based Heating Neutral Beam (HNB) Injectors presently used in fusion research, is the undesired deflection of negative ions due the permanent magnets embedded in the Extraction Grid (EG) for the suppression of the unwanted co-extracted electrons. A new solution has been recently developed at Consorzio RFX, which makes use of an additional set of permanent magnets, also embedded in the EG, with a series of advantages in terms of performances and versatility with respect to the traditional electrostatic compensation. This solution is now the new standard for ITER. After a thorough validation of the design by different numerical models, it was decided to experimentally test this solution for the first time on the Negative Ion Test Stand (NITS) at National Institute for Quantum and Radiological science and technology (QST), in Japan, within the framework of a scientific cooperation agreement between QST and Consorzio RFX. To this purpose, an EG having an ITER-like profile and compatible with NITS accelerator was designed and constructed at Consorzio RFX. This paper describes the design solutions adopted for this grid and its related permanent magnets, the construction phase, and a brief report on the first experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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16. Recent improvements to the ITER neutral beam system design

Author

Grisham, L.R., Agostinetti, P., Barrera, G., Blatchford, P., Boilson, D., Chareyre, J., Chitarin, G., de Esch, H.P.L., De Lorenzi, A., Franzen, P., Fantz, U., Gagliardi, M., Hemsworth, R.S., Kashiwagi, M., King, D., Krylov, A., Kuriyama, M., Marconato, N., Marcuzzi, D., and Roccella, M.

Subjects
*NEUTRAL beams, *SYSTEMS design, *DEUTERIUM compounds, *PLASMA gases, *FEASIBILITY studies, *POWER plants
Abstract

Abstract: The ITER [1] fusion device is expected to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetically confined deuterium–tritium plasma as an energy source which might one day lead to practical power plants. Injection of energetic beams of neutral atoms (up to 1MeV D0 or up to 870keV H0) will be one of the primary methods used for heating the plasma, and for driving toroidal electrical current within it, the latter being essential in producing the required magnetic confinement field configuration. The design calls for each beamline to inject up to 16.5MW of power through the duct into the tokamak, with an initial complement of two beamlines injecting parallel to the direction of the current arising from the tokamak transformer effect, and with the possibility of eventually adding a third beamline, also in the co-current direction. The general design of the beamlines has taken shape over the past 17 years [2], and is now predicated upon an RF-driven negative ion source based upon the line of sources developed by the Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) at Garching during recent decades [3–5], and a multiple-aperture multiple-grid electrostatic accelerator derived from negative ion accelerators developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) across a similar span of time [6–8]. During the past years, the basic concept of the beam system has been further refined and developed, and assessment of suitable fabrication techniques has begun. While many design details which will be important to the installation and implementation of the ITER beams have been worked out during this time, this paper focuses upon those changes to the overall design concept which might be of general interest within the technical community. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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17. Accelerator R&D for JT-60U and ITER NB systems

Author

Inoue, T., Hanada, M., Iga, T., Imai, T., Kashiwagi, M., Kawai, M., Morishita, T., Taniguchi, M., Umeda, N., Watanabe, K., and Yamamoto, T.

Subjects
*ION sources, *ELECTRIC fields, *ELECTROMAGNETIC fields, *PROTOTYPES
Abstract

High energy accelerator and high current ion source development have been carried out at JAERI for negative-ion based neutral beam (N-NB) systems of JT-60U and ITER. One of R&D issues on the ITER prototype 5-staged electrostatic accelerator was voltage holding capability of the accelerator insulator column. By installing a stress ring, which reduces electric field concentration at the triple junction (interface of metal flange, insulator, and vacuum), 300 kV is held at each stage instead of rated voltage of 200 kV. At present the accelerator insulator column sustains 900 kV stably with the rings in all five stages. In the JT-60U N-NB system, a beamlet deflection by distorted electric field was found at the bottom of the extractor. Correcting the distorted field, reduction in beam divergence was confirmed for the overall beam. As the result, the heat load on the NB port limiter of JT-60U, located about 20 m away from the accelerator, was reduced to less than a half of the previous value before the correction. Consequently, we have succeeded in 10 s continuous injection of H0 beam with the NB power of 2.6 MW at 355 keV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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18. The PRIMA test facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, Emanuele Sartori, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, A.K. Chakraborty, Vanni Toigo, T. Maejima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, G. Mico, C. Rotti, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, A. Masiello, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Antoni, B. Schunke, J. Chareyre, Gabriele Manduchi, G. Rostagni, P. Zaccaria, Gianluigi Serianni, Y. Xue, Alberto Ferro, M. Valente, M. De Muri, M. Bigi, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, M. Brombin, Hiroyuki Tobari, A. Pimazzoni, M. Kushwah, Simone Peruzzo, Andrea Rizzolo, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, M.V. Nagaraju, M. Recchia, M. Zaupa, H. Yamanaka, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, J.F. Moreno, L. Zanotto, M. Spolaore, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Siragusa, Bernd Heinemann, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, A. Garbuglia, A. Fiorentin, W. Kraus, M. Battistella, Muriel Simon, Francesco Gnesotto, E. Bragulat, Matteo Agostini, E. Ocello, Silvia Spagnolo, S. Dal Bello, Marco Cavenago, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Tullio Bonicelli, P. Blatchford, B. Chuilon, A. De Lorenzi, Piero Agostinetti, J. Graceffa, P. Jain, Marica Rebai, G. Gambetta, H.P.L. de Esch, A. Tonti, M. Moresco, Namita Singh, Lennart Svensson, Ursel Fantz, M. Urbani, M. Boldrin, C. Baltador, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Giuseppe Chitarin, R. Piovan, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Tardocchi, Roberto Pasqualotto, V. Pilard, Pierluigi Veltri, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, R. Delogu, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, F. Paolucci, Hitesh Patel, N. Pomaro, Naotaka Umeda, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Raval, Volker Hauer, A. Patel, Masaya Hanada, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, and Tonti, A

Subjects
Nuclear engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, PRIMA, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, MITICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Neutral beam injector, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, 010306 general physics, heating neutral beam injector, Physics, Spider, Test facility, ITER neutral beam test facility, Advanced stage, Injector, SPIDER, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now - when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage

Published
2017

19. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

A. Fiorentin, Silvia Spagnolo, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, B. Chuilon, Pierluigi Veltri, M. Recchia, J. Chareyre, Lennart Svensson, M. De Muri, F. Fellin, C. Rotti, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, J.F. Moreno, Gianluigi Serianni, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Muriel Simon, G. Gambetta, Alberto Ferro, Giuseppe Chitarin, W. Kraus, Gabriele Manduchi, F. Paolucci, M. Battistella, H. Decamps, L. Zanotto, Y. Xue, C. Taliercio, E. Ocello, V. Pilard, H.P.L. de Esch, J. Graceffa, Bernd Heinemann, Marco Cavenago, M.V. Nagaraju, P. Zaccaria, S. Hanke, M. Boldrin, M. Spolaore, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, P. Jain, M. Siragusa, Marco D’Arienzo, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Bigi, S. Ochoa, A.K. Chakraborty, M. Urbani, N. Pomaro, Gabriele Croci, A. Pimazzoni, Tullio Bonicelli, S. Dal Bello, C. Baltador, G. Gomez, Volker Hauer, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Valente, Hiroyuki Tobari, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Hitesh Patel, Vanni Toigo, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Mico, B. Raval, H. Yamanaka, A. Masiello, B. Schunke, Simone Peruzzo, A. De Lorenzi, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, E. Bragulat, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Kushwah, P. Blatchford, Piero Agostinetti, Marica Rebai, T. Maeshima, M. Dalla Palma, M. Moresco, Masaya Hanada, Kazuhiro Watanabe, L. Bailly-Maitre, Nicola Pilan, Emanuele Sartori, Naotaka Umeda, M. Brombin, M. Zaupa, Piergiorgio Sonato, C. Finotti, A. Patel, V. Antoni, D. Boilson, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, Roberto Pasqualotto, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, R. Delogu, G. Rostagni, Ujjwal Baruah, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Finotti, C, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maeshima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, and Sandri, S

Subjects
Computer science, Nuclear engineering, NBI, PRIMA, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), neutral beam injector, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, MITICA, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, NBTF, General Materials Science, Spider, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Test facility, Mitica, Mechanical Engineering, neutral beam test facility, Injector, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Materials Science (all), Realization (systems), Beam (structure)
Abstract

The realization of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) and the start the experimental phase are important tasks of the fusion roadmap, since the target requirements of injecting to the plasma a beam of Deuterium atoms with a power up to 16.5 MW, at 1MeV of energy and with a pulse length up to 3600s have never been reached together before. The ITER NBTF, called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy; it includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER injector and SPIDER, the full-size negative ion source. The realization promoted by the ITER organization is carried out with the contribution of the European Union, channeled through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), of the Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility, the Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) and several European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFECulham, CEA-Cadarache. The early start of operation of PRIMA experiments is urgent because sufficient experimental time is necessary to face and solve the issues related to the achievement of the desired performance in time for the ITER operation, requiring NBI since the beginning. Substantial progresses have been recently achieved: the buildings construction, begun in October 2012, has been completed by the end of 2015 and the installation of some components has been started since the end of 2014. The SPIDER realization is well advanced: the installation phase is proceeding in good agreement with the general plan; it is expected to be almost completed by the end of 2016. In parallel, the commissioning of the SPIDER power supply (PS) and auxiliary plant systems is being proceeding. Tests at full power and remote control are planned, including also those addressed to reproduce the grid breakdowns and to test the relevant protections. The design of the MITICA injector components was completed in 2015their procurement is being made through a number of tenders, some of them already launched. The HV Power Supply system of the MITICA 1MV accelerator, provided by JADA, was delivered on site in December 2015. The challenging installation of these components, including the step-up transformers and the SF6 gas insulated transmission line, started soon after and will go on throughout 2016. The present phase, with the PRIMA buildings continuously filled with new components, with the installation activities progressing and with also the commissioning and testing phase starting represents a substantial step forward toward the main target. The paper will describe the main challenges the Project Team has dealt during this phase and the important feedback derived for the ITER HNB systems both from the technical and the organizational standpoints.

Published
2017

20. Progress in the realization of the PRIMA neutral beam test facility

Author

D. Gutierrez, S. Dal Bello, A. De Lorenzi, M. Bandyopadhyay, J. Graceffa, Emanuele Sartori, V. Antoni, R. Andreani, V. N. Muvvala, P. Zaccaria, G. Gambetta, M. Boldrin, Riccardo Nocentini, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Bigi, A. Fiorentin, L. Fellin, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, Giuseppe Chitarin, A. Muraro, Mieko Kashiwagi, Piero Agostinetti, Lennart Svensson, Federica Bonomo, Nicolò Marconato, G. Mico, Giuseppe Gorini, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Moresco, M. De Muri, D. Boilson, Alberto Ferro, M. Spolaore, Ashish Yadav, Francesco Gnesotto, Barbara Zaniol, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Battistella, V. Pilard, Marco D’Arienzo, T. Maeshima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Silvia Spagnolo, Tullio Bonicelli, A.K. Chakraborty, Veena Gupta, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Nicola Pilan, E. Ocello, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, P. Sonato, M. Fröschle, N. Fonnesu, N. Pomaro, Vanni Toigo, R. Delogu, F. Paolucci, Adriano Luchetta, S. Hanke, Marco Cavenago, G. Agarici, A. Maistrello, M. Brombin, Marco Barbisan, A. Coniglio, M. Simon, M. Tardocchi, A. Patel, H.P.L. de Esch, G. Gomez, R. Dave, Andrea Rizzolo, Diego Marcuzzi, H. Yamanaka, E. Bragulat, Pierluigi Veltri, Namita Singh, Atsushi Kojima, A. Thakkar, M. Zaupa, Ursel Fantz, M. Valente, Luca Grando, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Hiroyuki Tobari, D. Parmar, Paolo Bettini, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Recchia, R. Riedl, Bernd Heinemann, P. Franzen, C. Rotti, G. Rostagni, G. Roopesh, J.F. Moreno, P. Blatchford, W. Kraus, R.S. Hemsworth, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Zanotto, Naotaka Umeda, Masaya Hanada, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Christopher D. Hardie, Gabriele Manduchi, Gianluigi Serianni, A. Masiello, B. Chuilon, Hitesh Patel, Toigo, V, Boilson, D, Bonicelli, T, Piovan, R, Hanada, M, Chakraborty, A, Agarici, G, Antoni, V, Baruah, U, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Decamps, H, Graceffa, J, Kashiwagi, M, Hemsworth, R, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, H, Pomaro, N, Rotti, C, Serianni, G, Simon, M, Singh, M, Singh, N, Svensson, L, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Zaccaria, P, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Aprile, D, Bandyopadhyay, M, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Bettini, P, Blatchford, P, Boldrin, M, Bonomo, F, Bragulat, E, Brombin, M, Cavenago, M, Chuilon, B, Coniglio, A, Croci, G, Dalla Palma, M, D'Arienzo, M, Dave, R, De Esch, H, De Lorenzi, A, De Muri, M, Delogu, R, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Fellin, F, Fellin, L, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Fonnesu, N, Franzen, P, Fröschle, M, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gomez, G, Gnesotto, F, Gorini, G, Grando, L, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, D, Hanke, S, Hardie, C, Heinemann, B, Kojima, A, Kraus, W, Maeshima, T, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Muvvala, V, Nocentini, R, Ocello, E, Ochoa, S, Parmar, D, Patel, A, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pilard, V, Recchia, M, Riedl, R, Rizzolo, A, Roopesh, G, Rostagni, G, Sandri, S, Sartori, E, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Thakkar, A, Umeda, N, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Yadav, A, Yamanaka, H, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, and Zaupa, M

Subjects
ITER, negative neutral beam, PRIMA test facility, RF ion source, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Condensed Matter Physics, Deuterium ions, RF ion source, ITER, negative neutral beam, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Realization (systems), Beam (structure), PRIMA test facility, media_common
Abstract

The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1 MV a 40 A beam of negative deuterium ions, to deliver to the plasma a power of about 17 MW for one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized as necessary to setup a test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including a full-size negative ion source, SPIDER, and a prototype of the whole ITER injector, MITICA, aiming to develop the heating injectors to be installed in ITER. This realization is made with the main contribution of the European Union, through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), the ITER Organization and Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility. The Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) participate in the PRIMA enterprise; European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache and others are also cooperating. Presently, the assembly of SPIDER is on-going and the MITICA design is being completed. The paper gives a general overview of the test facility and of the status of development of the MITICA and SPIDER main components at this important stage of the overall development; then it focuses on the latest and most critical issues, regarding both physics and technology, describing the identified solutions.

Published
2015

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