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1. Multiple Factors Influencing the Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism Detected by Neonatal Screening

Author

Olivieri, A, Fazzini, C, Medda, E, Altamura, R, Angeloni, A, Bernasconi, S, Bona, G, Bucci, I, Calaciura, F, Camilot, M, Cappa, M, Carducci, C, Caruso, U, Cavallo, L, Cesaretti, G, Chiarelli, F, Ciannamea, B, Ciatti, R, Cicciò, Mp, Corbetta, C, Costa, P, De Luca, F, Gallicchio, G, Gastaldi, R, Grasso, G, Gurrado, R, Lelli, A, Leonardi, D, Loche, S, Lorini, R, Minelli, G, Napolitano, G, Narducci, P, Oggiano, N, Pafundi, V, Pagliardini, S, Parlato, G, Pasquini, E, Pilia, S, Pizzolante, M, Radetti, G, Righetti, F, Rizzo, A, Salerno, Mc, Scognamiglio, D, Stoppioni, V, Tonacchera, M, Vignola, G, Vigone, Mc, Weber, G., CASSIO, ALESSANDRA, Olivieri, Antonella, Fazzini, Cristina, Medda, Emanuela, Salerno, Mariacarolina, Olivieri, A, Fazzini, C, Medda, E, Altamura, R, Angeloni, A, Bernasconi, S, Bona, G, Bucci, I, Calaciura, F, Camilot, M, Cappa, M, Carducci, C, Caruso, U, Cassio, A, Cavallo, L, Cesaretti, G, Chiarelli, F, Ciannamea, B, Ciatti, R, Cicciò, Mp, Corbetta, C, Costa, P, De Luca, F, Gallicchio, G, Gastaldi, R, Grasso, G, Gurrado, R, Lelli, A, Leonardi, D, Loche, S, Lorini, R, Minelli, G, Napolitano, G, Narducci, P, Oggiano, N, Pafundi, V, Pagliardini, S, Parlato, G, Pasquini, E, Pilia, S, Pizzolante, M, Radetti, G, Righetti, F, Rizzo, A, Salerno, Mc, Scognamiglio, D, Stoppioni, V, Tonacchera, M, Vignola, G, Vigone, Mc, and Weber, G

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Thyroid, Congenital hypothyroidism, Iodine deficiency, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Transient hypothyroidism, Endocrinology, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, Congenital Hypothyroidism, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Survival rate, Mass screening, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Diabetes and Metabolism, Multiple factors, Italy, Congenital hypothyroidism · Incidence · Prematurity · Cutoff levels · Ethnicity, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, National registry, business, Infant, Premature, Human
Abstract

Background/Aims: Over the years a rise in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been described worldwide. The aim of our study was to investigate trends in the incidence of CH in Italy over the period 1987-2008, and to investigate which factors may have influenced the CH incidence in our country. Methods: Data were derived from the Italian National Registry of Infants with Congenital Hypothyroidism. Since 1998 the laboratory procedures related to neonatal screening for CH have changed drastically. Accordingly, we estimated the CH incidence during the period 1987-1998 (period 1) and the period 1999-2008 (period 2). Results: The incidence of CH confirmed at birth (including transient hypothyroidism) has increased from 1:3,000 liveborn infants in period 1 to 1:1,940 in period 2 (+54%), whereas the incidence of purely permanent CH increased from 1:3,200 to 1:2,320 (+38%). Lowering of the TSH cutoff was the most important factor contributing to the increase of CH incidence in Italy. Moreover, an increment of 58% of preterm babies with permanent CH was found in period 2 compared with period 1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that more than one cause is responsible for the rise in the increasing CH incidence, with lowering of the screening TSH cutoff and an increased survival rate of a growing number of preterm babies both playing an important role.

Published
2015
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2. Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano: benefit of increased iodine intake

Author

Olivieri, A, Radetti, G, Medda, E, Altamura, R, Angeloni, A, Bernasconi, S, Bona, G, Bucci, I, Calaciura, F, Camilot, M, Cappa, M, Carducci, C, Caruso, U, Cassio, A, Cavallo, L, Cesaretti, G, Chiarelli, F, Ciannamea, B, Ciatti, R, Cicciò, Mp, Corbetta, C, Costa, P, De Luca, F, Gallicchio, G, Gastaldi, R, Grasso, G, Gurrado, R, Lelli, A, Leonardi, D, Loche, S, Lorini, R, Minelli, G, Napolitano, G, Narducci, P, Oggiano, N, Pafundi, V, Pagliardini, S, Parlato, G, Pasquini, E, Pilia, S, Pizzolante, M, Righetti, F, Rizzo, A, Salerno, Mc, Scognamiglio, D, Stoppioni, V, Tonacchera, Massimo, Vignola, G, Vigone, Mc, Weber, G., Olivieri, A, Radetti, G, Medda, E, Salerno, Mariacarolina, Italian Study Group for Congenital, Hypothyroidism, Altamura, R, Angeloni, A, Bernasconi, S, Bona, G, Bucci, I, Calaciura, F, Camilot, M, Cappa, M, Carducci, C, Caruso, U, Cassio, A, Cavallo, L, Cesaretti, G, Chiarelli, F, Ciannamea, B, Ciatti, R, Cicciò, Mp, Corbetta, C, Costa, P, De Luca, F, Gallicchio, G, Gastaldi, R, Grasso, G, Gurrado, R, Lelli, A, Leonardi, D, Loche, S, Lorini, R, Minelli, G, Napolitano, G, Narducci, P, Oggiano, N, Pafundi, V, Pagliardini, S, Parlato, G, Pasquini, E, Pilia, S, Pizzolante, M, Righetti, F, Rizzo, A, Salerno, Mc, Scognamiglio, D, Stoppioni, V, Tonacchera, M, Vignola, G, Vigone, Mc, and Weber, G.

Subjects
Male, Thyroid · Congenital hypothyroidism · Iodine deficiency, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Dietary, chemistry.chemical_element, Sodium Chloride, Iodine, Endocrinology, Congenital hypothyroidism, Iodine deficiency, Thyroid, Salt iodization, medicine, Humans, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, Child, Preschool, education, Iodine intake, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence, Medicine (all), Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Infant, Congenital hypothyroidism, Iodine deficiency, Thyroid, Newborn, medicine.disease, Surgery, Child, Preschool, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Female, Italy, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, business
Abstract

PURPOSE: Although a nation-wide salt iodization program on voluntary basis was implemented in 2005, many areas in our country are still characterized by mild iodine deficiency. Differently from the rest of Italy, an efficient program of iodine prophylaxis was implemented in 1981 in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an adequate iodine intake in the population may affect the incidence of permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH). METHODS: The incidence trends of permanent CH between 1987 and 2006 in Bolzano Province and in the rest of Italy were estimated. RESULTS: Over the years, the CH incidence has remained steadily lower in Bolzano than in the rest of the country. CONCLUSIONS: Primary prevention of permanent CH may be possible by assuring an adequate nutritional iodine intake in the population. However, the time needed to observe a decrease in the incidence of CH is about a decade under conditions of iodine sufficiency.

Published
2014
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3. Congenital Hypothyroidism due to Defects of Thyroid Development and Mild Increase of TSH at Screening: Data From the Italian National Registry of Infants With Congenital Hypothyroidism

Author

Olivieri A, Corbetta C, Weber G, Vigone MC, Fazzini C, Medda E, Angeloni U, Antonozzi I, Baserga M, Bernasconi S, Bona G, Bucci I, Calaciura F, Caldarera R, Camilot M, Cappa M, Caruso U, Casini M, Cavallo L, Cesaretti G, Chiarelli F, Ciannamea B, Ciatti R, Cicciò M, Cordova R, Correra A, Costa P, De Santis C, Di Maio S, Gallicchio G, Gastaldi R, Grasso G, Gurrado R, Lelli A, Leonardi D, Loche S, Lorini R, Manente G, Monaco F, Minelli G, Narducci P, Oggiano N, Pagliardini S, Parlato G, Pasquini E, Pinchera A, Pizzolante M, Radetti G, Righetti F, Rizzo A, Saggese G, Sala D, Salerno C, Sava L, Scognamiglio D, Stoppioni V, Tonacchera M, Vigneri R, Vignola G, De Luca F., CASSIO, ALESSANDRA, Olivieri, A, Corbetta, C, Weber, Giovanna, Vigone, Mc, Fazzini, C, Medda, E., Angeloni, U, Antonozzi, I, Baserga, M, Bernasconi, S, Bona, G, Bucci, I, Calaciura, F, Caldarera, R, Camilot, M, Cappa, M, Caruso, U, Casini, M, Cassio, A, Cavallo, L, Cesaretti, G, Chiarelli, F, Ciannamea, B, Ciatti, R, Cicciò, M, Cordova, R, Correra, A, Costa, P, De Santis, C, Di Maio, S, Gallicchio, G, Gastaldi, R, Grasso, G, Gurrado, R, Lelli, A, Leonardi, D, Loche, S, Lorini, R, Manente, G, Monaco, F, Minelli, G, Narducci, P, Oggiano, N, Pagliardini, S, Parlato, G, Pasquini, E, Pinchera, A, Pizzolante, M, Radetti, G, Righetti, F, Rizzo, A, Saggese, G, Sala, D, Salerno, Mariacarolina, Sava, L, Scognamiglio, D, Stoppioni, V, Tonacchera, M, Vigneri, R, Vignola, G, De Luca, F., Olivieri A, Corbetta C, Weber G, Vigone MC, Fazzini C, Medda E, Angeloni U, Antonozzi I, Baserga M, Bernasconi S, Bona G, Bucci I, Calaciura F, Caldarera R, Camilot M, Cappa M, Caruso U, Casini M, Cassio A, Cavallo L, Cesaretti G, Chiarelli F, Ciannamea B, Ciatti R, Cicciò M, Cordova R, Correra A, Costa P, De Santis C, Di Maio S, Gallicchio G, Gastaldi R, Grasso G, Gurrado R, Lelli A, Leonardi D, Loche S, Lorini R, Manente G, Monaco F, Minelli G, Narducci P, Oggiano N, Pagliardini S, Parlato G, Pasquini E, Pinchera A, Pizzolante M, Radetti G, Righetti F, Rizzo A, Saggese G, Sala D, Salerno C, Sava L, Scognamiglio D, Stoppioni V, Tonacchera M, Vigneri R, Vignola G, and De Luca F

Subjects
endocrine system, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Thyroid Gland, Thyrotropin, IODINE, Context (language use), Infant, Premature, Diseases, Thyroid Function Tests, Biochemistry, Thyroid function tests, Thyroid dysgenesis, Severity of Illness Index, Endocrinology, Neonatal Screening, Thyroid Hormone Treatment, PRETERM INFANTS, Internal medicine, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Medicine, Humans, Registries, defects of thyroid development, Ultrasonography, Newborn screening, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Biochemistry (medical), Thyroid, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Congenital hypothyroidism, Up-Regulation, Thyroxine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Thyroid Dysgenesis, mild increase of TSH at screening, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Context: Over the years lower TSH cutoffs have been adopted in some screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) worldwide. This has resulted in a progressive increase in detecting additional mild forms of the disease, essentially with normally located and shaped thyroid. However, the question of whether such additional mild CH cases can benefit from detection by newborn screening and early thyroid hormone treatment is still open. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of cases with mild increase of TSH at screening in the Italian population of babies with permanent CH and to characterize these babies in terms of diagnosis classification and neonatal features. Methods: Data recorded in the Italian National Registry of infants with CH were analyzed. Results: Between 2000 and 2006, 17 of the 25 Italian screening centers adopted a TSH cutoff at screening of < 15.0 mu U/mL. It was found that 21.6% of babies with permanent CH had TSH at screening of 15.0 mu U/mL or less, whereas this percentage was 54% in infants with transient hypothyroidism. Among the babies with permanent CH and mild increase of TSH at screening (

Published
2013

4. Epidemiology of congenital hypothyroidism: what can be deduced from the Italian registry of infants with congenital hypothyroidism

Author

Olivieri A, Altamura R, Angeloni U, Antonozzi I, Baserga M, Bernasconi S, Bona G, Bucci I, Calaciura F, Caldarera R, Camilot M, Cappa M, Caruso U, Casini MR, Cassio A, Cavallo L, Cesaretti G, Chiarelli F, Ciannamea B, Ciatti R, Cicciò M, Civolani P, Corbetta C, Cordova R, Correra A, Costa P, De Luca F, De Santis C, Fazzini C, Gallicchio G, Gastaldi R, Grasso G, Gurrado R, Lelli A, Leonardi D, Loche S, Lorini R, Medda E, Monaco F, Minelli G, Narducci P, Oggiano N, Pagliardini S, Parlato G, Pasquini E, Pinchera A, Pizzolante M, Radetti G, Righetti F, Rizzo A, Saggese G, Salerno C, Sava L, Scognamiglio D, Stoppioni V, Tonacchera M, Vigneri R, Vignola G, Vigone MC, WEBER , GIOVANNA, Olivieri, A, Altamura, R, Angeloni, U, Antonozzi, I, Baserga, M, Bernasconi, S, Bona, G, Bucci, I, Calaciura, F, Caldarera, R, Camilot, M, Cappa, M, Caruso, U, Casini, Mr, Cassio, A, Cavallo, L, Cesaretti, G, Chiarelli, F, Ciannamea, B, Ciatti, R, Cicciò, M, Civolani, P, Corbetta, C, Cordova, R, Correra, A, Costa, P, De Luca, F, De Santis, C, Fazzini, C, Gallicchio, G, Gastaldi, R, Grasso, G, Gurrado, R, Lelli, A, Leonardi, D, Loche, S, Lorini, R, Medda, E, Monaco, F, Minelli, G, Narducci, P, Oggiano, N, Pagliardini, S, Parlato, G, Pasquini, E, Pinchera, A, Pizzolante, M, Radetti, G, Righetti, F, Rizzo, A, Saggese, G, Salerno, C, Sava, L, Scognamiglio, D, Stoppioni, V, Tonacchera, M, Vigneri, R, Vignola, G, Vigone, Mc, Weber, G, Salerno, Mariacarolina, Weber, G., and Weber, Giovanna

Subjects
Registry, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Congenital hypothyroidism, Italy, Neonatal screening, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Diseases in Twins, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Neonatal Screening, Thyrotropin, Registries, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Disease, Thyroid dysgenesis, Epidemiology, medicine, education, Newborn screening, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Congenital hypothyroidism, Italy, registry, neonatal screening, Perinatology and Child Health, Newborn, medicine.disease, Etiology, business
Abstract

"In Italy, the nationwide newborn screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) represents an integrated approach to the disease including screening tests, diagnosis, treatment, follow up and nation-wide surveillance of the disease. The latter is performed by the Italian National Registry of Infants with Congenital Hypothyroidism (INRICH). The INRICH is a population-based Registry, this implies that results obtained in the analyses conducted on the data collected in the INRICH are highly representative, can be easily used to improve the health of CH children, and provide information critical to understanding the etiology of the disease. Over the years, the INRICH has contributed: i) to improve procedures for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of affected babies, by identifying critical points in screening program procedures; ii) to estimate the incidence of CH and the prevalence of the different forms of the disease (thyroid dysgenesis, normally located and shaped thyroid) in our country; iii) to provide a unique opportunity for research into this condition given the large amount and the high quality of information collected in this registry."

Published
2012
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