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In order to examine the temperature dependence of the equation of state (EOS) of HMX-based explosives, two energetic composites, PBX9501 and PBXN9, were subjected to shockless compression using the Sandia VELOCE magnetic compression system. Prior to compression, the energetic samples were heated to temperatures up to 155°C, presumed to be below the HMX β - δ phase transition at atmospheric pressure conditions. A Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) was used to measure particle velocity of the transmitted compression wave. Temperature corrections in the drive plates and windows were estimated and velocity profile data was analyzed using forward/backward integration methods along with an optimization method to determine unreacted Mie-Grüneisen EOS parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several HMX-based explosive samples were subjected to shockless compression using Sandia’s Z magnetic compression accelerator. A multi-panel ICE configuration containing various thicknesses of energetic composites PBX9501, PBXN9, LX-10 was subjected to ramp loading up to 320 Kbar over 500 ns. A Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) was used to measure transmitted wave profile data of particle velocity and forward and backward procedures were used with an optimization method to determine appropriate EOS data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of quasi-isentropic magnetic pulse compression experiments using the Sandia Z accelerator and DICE small pulser have provided new insights to the material behavior of various constituents typically used in energetic composites. In this study, a combination of forward and backward procedures with optimization methods is used to determine appropriate constitutive and EOS property data. Sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the uncertainties of the experimental measurements and the subsequent influences in determining material response. The data interrogation technique has been applied to a series of tests with ramp loading condition to 50 Kbar over duration of ∼500 ns for panel configurations containing explosive crystals (HMX and RDX), binders (Estane, C7-Teflon, Kel-F and THV) and composites (PBS9501, PBX9502, and Al/Teflon). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitroplasticized Estane (hereafter NP-Estane) is the plastic binder used to hold HMX grains together in the plastic bonded explosive PBX 9501. It is a mixture of 49 wt. % Estane®5703 (BF Goodrich), 49 wt. % Nitroplasticizer (a 50/50 eutectic mixture of bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal and bis(2,2 dinitropropyl)acetal), and 2 wt. % Irganox® 1010 stabilizer. NP-Estane samples 0.1 – 2 mm thick were prepared by compression molding at 110°C. Hydrostatic compression to 2 kbar was measured at 34, 43, and 53°C. CP was measured at ambient conditions. NP-Estane was also isentropically compressed to ≈ 35 kbar in experiment Z1251 on the Sandia Z-Machine. Profiles of ramp waves transmitted through NP-Estane were measured and compared with a free surface reference profile using Hayes’s “Backward” analysis and repeated forward analysis with the CTH hydrocode. The following thermodynamic quantities have been obtained; volume coefficient of thermal expansion α = 7.2(10-4)/C, CP = 1.76 J/g C, CV = 1.41 J/g C, isentropic and isothermal bulk moduli, BS = 36.4 kbar, BT = 29.3 kbar, Grüneisen constant Γ = 1.45. The Z1251 experiment is well fit using a Mie-Grüneisen equation of state with the quadratic US - uP relation, US = 1.69 + 2.7uP - (0.7/1.69)uP2 km/s. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New experimental diagnostics and computational modeling provide an unprecedented means for improving the understanding of energetic material behavior at the mesoscale (grain or crystal ensemble levels). This study focuses on the determination of appropriate constitutive and EOS property data of the constituents of an energetic composite at high stress and moderate strain-rate states. The Sandia Z accelerator is used to determine the mechanical response of energetic composites via isentropic ramp wave compression loading. In this paper we describe an energy source method in CTH that models ramp loading for the analysis of ICE experiments. This approach is applied to design experimental configurations to probe the constituent response of PBX 9501 subjected to ∼40 Kbar ramp load over 300 ns duration. Multiple VISAR are used to determine the averaged response of the composite material in comparison to the individual constituents including the effects of anisotropy of HMX crystals and the interactions of fine crystallites with binder material. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work applies a ramped, quasi-isentropic compression loading technique (ICE) to investigate the mechanical behavior of polymers that are often used in energetic composites. The focus of this effort is the determination of appropriate constitutive and EOS property data at high stress states and moderate strain rates that is needed for detailed mesoscale modeling. Several thicknesses of samples were subjected to a ramp load of ∼45 Kbar over 500 ns duration using the Sandia Z-machine. Profiles of transmitted ramp waves were measured at window interfaces using conventional VISAR. Shock physics analysis is then used to determine the nonlinear material response of the binder materials. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]