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Background: Near-Death Experience (NDE) refers to a broad range of subjective experiences associated with forthcoming death. The majority of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) survivors experience NDEs. It seems that near-death events are experienced differently by people with different cultural and religious viewpoints. Thus, this study aimed to explain NDEs in Iranian Muslim CPR survivors. Materials and Methods: A qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological approach influenced by Ricoeur was used to understand the meaning of CPR survivors' NDEs. Eight survivors were interviewed in private. The study was conducted in southeast Iran. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and probing questions were added when necessary. The duration of the interviews was between 40 and 65 min. According to Lindseth and Norberg, in the naive understanding phase, we read the interviews several times for achieving naive understanding. In the structural analysis phase, the whole text is divided into meaningful units. Finally, the researchers formulated a comprehensive understanding of the contextualization the text. Results: Four main themes emerged including 1) pleasing experiences along with flying and seeing light, 2) the experience of transport to the beyond, 3) out-of-body experience, and reviewing life and memories in a religious context. Conclusions: Iranian Muslim CPR survivors, reported NDEs, much similar to those reported by survivors in Western countries with different theistic religions. This means that medical professionals dealing with these patients need to be aware of such experiences in Iranian Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood cancer is a major challenge for parapets. Parents are one of the main sources of emotional support for their child, but their ability to provide proper care during their child's illness and treatment depends entirely on the way they manage to cope with diagnosis and its outcomes. Parents' coping pattern seems to be affected by their perception of themselves or their surroundings. Aim: To investigate parents' coping strategies with childhood cancer and its relation with self‐construal. Methods: A total of 127 eligible parents participated in this descriptive correlational study. Results: Medical, social support, and family strategies were respectively helpful for parents. The interdependent self‐construal score was higher than the independent self‐construal score. A significant relationship was found between interdependent self‐construal and social support (P =.01). Discussion: It seems that individualists and collectivists' cultural context influence the usefulness of coping strategies. These differences should be considered in training of coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Cancer as a life-threatening disease develops a range of existential challenges in persons. These challenges cause the patients to encounter some existential questions and tensions. This study method focuses on a person's experience about them. Aims: The aim of this study is to illuminate the meaning of existential challenges in patients with cancer in Iran. Subjects and Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological approach, influenced by the philosophy of Ricoeur, was used to analyze the experiences of 10 Iranian patients with cancer. Data analysis was based on three stages of simple and fast understanding, structural analysis, and comprehensive understanding. Results: The present study showed that existential challenges in patients with cancer can be considered as getting out or remaining in the cage of inauthentic self. This theme consists of two subthemes “Being exposed to the light of awareness that revealed the cage of inauthentic self” and “The tension between getting out of the cage or remaining.” First, being exposed to the light of awareness revealed the cage of inauthentic self which subjectively refers to the emergence of existential questions, the past, the fear of future, and the collapse of physical body identity. Second, the tension between getting out of the cage or still staying which is characterized by anger, denial, sense of loneliness, and depression. Conclusions: According to the results of this qualitative study, it is possible to form discussion groups with peers or have self-reflective practice teaching groups to reflect patients' questions and existential challenges. In this way, participants can express themselves, share their experiences, challenges, learn, and find the answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: End of life (EOL) care is newly established in the Iranian context. Context, in this case, refers to the internal and external manifestation of the nurse values, norms and experiences that are learnt throughout life. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore nurses' experiences of caring for dying patients in Iran. Methods: A phenomenological hermeneutic approach, influenced by the philosophy of Ricoeur, was used to analyse 10 oncology nurses' experiences of caring for dying persons. Findings: Three themes emerged from the analysis: 1) seeing the patient as unique person, 2) being present and open to seeing patients as unique persons and 3) personal and professional development as a result of closeness between nurse and patient. Caring for dying persons means assisting them at the end of their lives. Conclusion: Caring relationships underlie professional palliative care and are essential in EOL care. Proper palliative education and professionally led supervision should be included in the Iranian nursing curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: One group of patients who are at risk of pressure ulcer development is trauma patients. The present study aimed to examine trauma nurses’ knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention, classification and management. Methods: In a cross sectional exploratory study all qualified registered nurses working with trauma patients in the emergency department (ED) of Kashani and Bahonar hospitals, Iran were invited to participate. To assess the nurses’ knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention classification and management Pieper’s Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PPUKT) was used. Results: Of 185 eligible nurses, 159 participated in the study (response rate of 86%). Of these, 80.5% (n =128) were women and 19.5% (n =31) were men. The mean years of nurses’ experience was 10.3±7.2years. The percentage of correctly answered questions was 64.6%. Nurses had the highest level of knowledge in the section about wound characteristics (77.3%) and the lowest level in the section about pressure ulcer onset (57%). Conclusion: This is the first study that specifically examines trauma nurses knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention, classification and management. According to the results, nurses did not have sufficient knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention, classification and management. There is a need to improve their knowledge with educational programs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective:Palliative care requires nurses to be knowledgeable about different aspects of the care that they provide for dying patients. This study, therefore, was conducted to examine oncology and intensive care nurses' knowledge about palliative care in Southeast Iran.Method:Using the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN), 140 oncology and intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' knowledge about palliative care in three hospitals supervised by Kerman University of Medical Sciences was assessed.Results:In PCQN, the mean score was 7.59 (SD: 2.28). The most correct answers were in the category of management of pain and other symptoms (46.07%). The lowest correct answers were in the category of psychosocial and spiritual care (19.3%).Significance of results:These findings suggest that nurses' knowledge about palliative care can be improved by establishing specific palliative care units to focus on end-of-life care. This establishment requires incorporation of an end-of-life nursing education curriculum into undergraduate nursing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Spiritual care is an essential component in nursing practice and strongly influenced by the sociocultural context. This article aimed to elucidate the meaning of nurses' experiences of giving spiritual care in southeast of iran. A phenomenological hermeneutic approach influenced by Ricoeur was used. Eleven staff nurses who were currently working in the 3 major hospitals under the umbrella of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences were interviewed. The meaning of spiritual care was comprehensively understood as meeting patient as a unique being. This can be divided into 3 themes: meeting patient as a being in relationship, meeting patient as a cultural being, and meeting patient as a religious being. The results in this study suggest that education about spirituality and spiritual care should be included in the continuous and in-service education of registered nurses. Spiritual and cultural assessment criteria should be included in this education to improve the provision of holistic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the meaning of Iranian oncology nurses' experiences of caring for people at the end of life. Materials and Methods: A phenomenological hermeneutic approach was applied. Fifteen nurses working in oncology units were interviewed in 2007 regarding their experiences of caring for people at the end of life. Results: Participants experienced caring for people at the end of life as sharing space and time to be lost within an organizational context. This main theme was divided into three subthemes including being attentive to the dying persons and their families, being cared for by the dying persons and their families, and being faced with barriers. Conclusion: The study suggests that the nurses' success in caring for people at the end of life is reliant on their interpersonal caring relationship. Facilitating such relationship requires the establishment of palliative care unit, incorporation of palliative care into undergraduate nursing studies, and cultural preparation through public education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment adherence is often an important issue in the management of hypertension. Deep understanding of adherence behavior as well as its influential factors can expand knowledge about treatment adherence among hypertensives. The aim of this study was to explore patients, their families, and healthcare providers' experiences about hypertension treatment adherence in southeast of Iran. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the experience of patients, family members, and healthcare providers (n=18) by using a conventional content analysis. The purposive sampling method was used. Data were collected through semi-structured and deep interviews. Data analysis showed that hypertensive treatment adherence in an Iranian context is like an iceberg with two subthemes. The first subtheme relates to the upper and clear part of this iceberg and it consists of two categories, including 1) healthy and 2) unhealthy regimens. The second subtheme associates with under-water and unanticipated part and it consists of four categories, including 1) the nature of disease and treatment, 2) the individual resources, 3) the healthcare organization, and 4) the socio-cultural environment. The treatment adherence features emerged in this study can be useful in designing and developing context-based hypertension interventions. Further qualitative and quantitative studies with a closer collaboration between the social, natural, and medical sciences in other Iranian populations are needed to confirm the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]