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This study has investigated the oxidation of methanol (CH3OH) on a novel bimetallic Ni–Ti nanoparticle-modified indium tin oxide electrode (Ni–Ti NP/ITO) fabricated by the ion implantation method. This has been shown to be a facile, effective and eco-friendly method that could potentially be used to manufacture modified electrodes. The modified electrode exhibits a high electrochemical activity. The techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were used to characterize an ITO electrode modified by Ti nanoparticles (Ti NP/ITO), an ITO electrode modified by Ni nanoparticles (Ni NP/ITO) and the morphology and performance of Ni–Ti NP/ITO. The size of the bimetallic Ni–Ti nanoparticles (Ni–Ti NPs) is in the range of 20–30 nm based on SEM analysis. The Ni nanoparticles (Ni NPs) and Ti nanoparticles (Ti NPs) formed on the electrode are in the Ni0 and Ti(iv) metallic states as determined by XPS. The general electrochemical behaviours of the modified electrode were characterized by CV. The Ni–Ti NP/ITO electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol with long-term stability and has possible applications in fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of insulin was fabricated, using low-cost and environmentally friendly nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) by ion implantation. The morphology and structure of the NiNPs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing diameters ranging from 4 to 8 nm. The insulin assay performances were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (I–t). The NiNPs-modified indium tin oxide electrode (NiNPs/ITO) showed excellent analytical features, including ultra-high sensitivity (2140 μA μM −1 ) for detecting low concentrations of insulin, an incredibly low detection limit (10 pM) and a wide dynamic range (100 pM to 2400 pM and 1 nM to 125 nM). In addition, the NiNPs/ITO electrode was also used to analyze the insulin concentration in bovine insulin injections. The NiNPs/ITO electrode is expected to be used as a potential biosensor for insulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation on a novel nickel ion implanted-modified indium tin oxide electrode (NiNPs/ITO). The modified electrode exhibits high electrochemical activity with Ni ions at the fluences of 10 × 10 16 ions cm −2 . The size of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) is in the range of 15–40 nm determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical behaviors of the modified electrode are characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). In alkaline medium (i.e. NaOH 0.1 M), a good redox behavior of Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple at the surface of modified electrodes can be observed. Electrochemical performances are measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometric. The NiNPs/ITO electrode shows prominent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of formaldehyde with long-term stability, which can be a suitable electrode material in formaldehyde fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of cobalt nanoparticles modified indium tin oxide electrode (CoNPs/ITO) was fabricated using ion implantation technique. This method is low-cost, facile and environmentally friendly without the use of any other chemicals. Electrochemical oxidation of glucose with this sensor was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry in alkaline aqueous solutions. The proposed sensor exhibited prominent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose with a low limit of detection of 0.25 µM. Furthermore, the fabricated electrode showed excellent selectivity, good reproducibility and long-term stability. Thus CoNPs/ITO electrode is a promising candidate in the development of non-enzymatic glucose sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a novel process for the fabrication of a silver-nanoparticle-modified electrode using silver ion implantation. This method is facile, low-cost and environmental friendly without the use of any linking chemicals. The modified electrode was verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The AgNPs formed on the electrode are in the zero-valent metallic state with a size distribution in the range of 3–6 nm. The modified electrode shows prominent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of formaldehyde with long-term stability and could be useful in fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and low-cost method is developed to ion implant platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. This modified electrode is eco-friendly without the use of any linking chemicals. The PtNPs formed on the electrode are in the zero-valent metallic state with a size distribution in the range of 5–12 nm. The modified electrode surface becomes smoother after platinum ion implantation and the PtNPs formed on the electrode. Electrochemical performances are measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometric. The PtNPs/ITO electrode shows prominent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of formaldehyde with long-term stability, which could be useful in fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • By ion implantation, MoNPs doped NF possesses high conductivity and stability. • The spicules-like Ni 3 S 2 increases electroactive sites and relieves volume change. • The hierarchical structure accelerates the ions diffusion and electron transfer. Abstract In this work, a facile and unique electrode is fabricated by ion implantation and hydrothermal sulfurization methods for the first time. A spicules-like Ni 3 S 2 shell is directly grown on the molybdenum nanoparticles doped nickel foam (MoNPs/NF@Ni 3 S 2), which exhibits a special hierarchical structure. It is employed as the electrode of supercapacitor, exhibiting good electrochemical performance with high areal capacity of 1.06 C cm−2 (361 C g−1) at 1 mA cm−2, good rate capability, and long cycling life (168% of the initial capacity) for 7000 cycles at 20 mA cm−2. Compared with Ni 3 S 2 /NF, the electrode possesses better performance, which is attributed to the doped MoNPs, special morphology of Ni 3 S 2 , the hierarchical structure, as well as the synergistic effect between Ni 3 S 2 and MoNPs. A symmetric supercapacitor based on MoNPs/NF@Ni 3 S 2 electrodes maintains 108% of the original capacity after cycling for 7000 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. The results mean that MoNPs/NF@Ni 3 S 2 could be used as a battery-type electrode for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]