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Background: Several outbreaks of goitre, considered to be related to iodine deficiency, occurred in sheep flocks throughout Victoria in 2010., Objective: We describe one outbreak in Merino-Border Leicester-cross ewes and their lambs in north-east Victoria that appeared to be associated with increased rainfall and pasture growth, particularly during the preceding summer and autumn., Results: The outbreak was characterised by a four-fold increase in neonatal lamb deaths and goitre, alopecia and poor skeletal development in the lambs. Most cases occurred in lambs born to 2-year-old crossbred ewes that had grazed long, lush perennial pastures throughout their entire pregnancy, whereas few cases occurred in mature crossbred or Merino ewes that had grazed shorter, annual pastures on hill country for 3 weeks in late pregnancy but were otherwise managed similarly., Conclusion: Existing recommendations for south-eastern Australia are that only spring-lambing ewes in iodine-deficient areas require iodine supplementation to prevent goitre in years with high autumn-winter rainfall. Aspects of this outbreak suggest that ewes lambing at other times of the year and grazing abundant pasture for prolonged periods may also require supplementation to prevent goitre, even if autumn-winter rainfall does not exceed previously established thresholds., (© 2012 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2012 Australian Veterinary Association.)