9,145 results
Search Results
2. Assessing and monitoring the ecotoxicity of pulp and paper wastewater for irrigating reed fields using the polyurethane foam unit method based on monitoring protozoal communities.
- Author
-
Ding C, Chen T, Li Z, and Yan J
- Subjects
- Agricultural Irrigation, Animals, China, Ecotoxicology, Invertebrates growth & development, Paper, Wastewater analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Invertebrates drug effects, Poaceae growth & development, Polyurethanes chemistry, Wastewater toxicity, Wetlands
- Abstract
Using the standardized polyurethane foam unit (PFU) method, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the ecotoxic effects of the pulp and paper wastewater for irrigating reed fields. Static ectoxicity test had shown protozoal communities were very sensitive to variations in toxin time and effective concentration (EC) of the pulp and paper wastewater. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was a more suitable indicator of the extent of water pollution than Gleason and Margalef diversity index (d), Simpson's diversity index (D), and Pielou's index (J). The regression equation between S eq and EC was S eq = - 0.118EC + 18.554. The relatively safe concentration and maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of the wastewater for the protozoal communities were about 20 % and 42 %, respectively. To safely use this wastewater for irrigation, more than 58 % of the toxins must be removed or diluted by further processing. Monitoring of the wastewater in representative irrigated reed fields showed that the regularity of the protozoal colonization process was similar to the static ectoxicity, indicating that the toxicity of the irrigating pulp and paper wastewater was not lethal to protozoal communities in the reed fields. This study demonstrated the applicability of the PFU method in monitoring the ecotoxic effects of pulp and paper wastewater on the level of microbial communities and may guide the supervision and control of pulp and paper wastewater irrigating within the reed fields ecological system (RFES).
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The 2017 Journal of Experimental Biology Outstanding Paper Prize shortlist and winner.
- Author
-
Knight K
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Awards and Prizes, Invertebrates physiology, Periodicals as Topic, Physiological Phenomena, Vertebrates physiology
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Population dynamics and prey community of the invasive paper wasp Polistes chinensis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in a protected coastal habitat in New Zealand.
- Author
-
Reason, Aiden, Felden, Antoine, Bulgarella, Mariana, and Lester, Philip J.
- Subjects
- *
VESPIDAE , *POPULATION dynamics , *WILDLIFE conservation , *HYMENOPTERA , *PREDATION , *WASPS - Abstract
The Asian paper wasp (Polistes chinensis) is an invasive species in New Zealand and a voracious arthropod predator, incorporating a wide range of prey into its diet. We examined the colony survival and prey community composition of these wasps in a protected coastal habitat in New Zealand. Paper wasp colonies at this site were surveyed and monitored weekly over two summers. Our data showed that only ~20% of the monitored colonies each year survived until late summer, with high rates of colony mortality in late spring and early summer. We collected samples of wasp larval guts over a temporal gradient in one nesting season, and via DNA metabarcoding analysis, we identified the prey species consumed. The prey species most frequently identified in larval samples were endemic cicadas and several lepidopteran species. No native arthropod species of known conservation concern were identified in the analysis. However, 63% of the unique taxon sequences retrieved could not be identified by genus or species level, likely due to the absence of reference barcodes. These taxa may represent a group of understudied species, potentially highly endemic or localised. Our analysis indicates that these invasive wasps are opportunistic‐generalist predators with the potential to exert high predation pressure on native arthropods. P. chinensis may be preying on a range of understudied species, especially in remote, natural habitats across New Zealand. We recommend future studies continue to barcode native New Zealand arthropods in order to improve the taxonomic assignments of dietary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Common principles for odour coding across vertebrates and invertebrates.
- Author
-
Fulton KA, Zimmerman D, Samuel A, Vogt K, and Datta SR
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Olfactory Perception physiology, Odorants, Invertebrates physiology, Vertebrates physiology, Smell physiology, Olfactory Pathways physiology
- Abstract
The olfactory system is an ideal and tractable system for exploring how the brain transforms sensory inputs into behaviour. The basic tasks of any olfactory system include odour detection, discrimination and categorization. The challenge for the olfactory system is to transform the high-dimensional space of olfactory stimuli into the much smaller space of perceived objects and valence that endows odours with meaning. Our current understanding of how neural circuits address this challenge has come primarily from observations of the mechanisms of the brain for processing other sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing, in which optimized deep hierarchical circuits are used to extract sensory features that vary along continuous physical dimensions. The olfactory system, by contrast, contends with an ill-defined, high-dimensional stimulus space and discrete stimuli using a circuit architecture that is shallow and parallelized. Here, we present recent observations in vertebrate and invertebrate systems that relate the statistical structure and state-dependent modulation of olfactory codes to mechanisms of perception and odour-guided behaviour., (© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Phoronida-A small clade with a big role in understanding the evolution of lophophorates.
- Author
-
Gąsiorowski L
- Subjects
- Animals, Fossils, Phylogeny, Larva anatomy & histology, Larva growth & development, Larva genetics, Biological Evolution, Invertebrates genetics, Invertebrates anatomy & histology, Invertebrates classification
- Abstract
Phoronids, together with brachiopods and bryozoans, form the animal clade Lophophorata. Modern lophophorates are quite diverse-some can biomineralize while others are soft-bodied, they could be either solitary or colonial, and they develop through various eccentric larval stages that undergo different types of metamorphoses. The diversity of this clade is further enriched by numerous extinct fossil lineages with their own distinct body plans and life histories. In this review, I discuss how data on phoronid development, genetics, and morphology can inform our understanding of lophophorate evolution. The actinotrocha larvae of phoronids is a well documented example of intercalation of the new larval body plan, which can be used to study how new life stages emerge in animals with biphasic life cycle. The genomic and embryonic data from phoronids, in concert with studies of the fossil lophophorates, allow the more precise reconstruction of the evolution of lophophorate biomineralization. Finally, the regenerative and asexual abilities of phoronids can shed new light on the evolution of coloniality in lophophorates. As evident from those examples, Phoronida occupies a central role in the discussion of the evolution of lophophorate body plans and life histories., (© 2023 The Authors. Evolution & Development published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a long-term watershed-scale study to address the effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four US receiving streams.
- Author
-
Flinders CA, Minshall GW, Ragsdale RL, and Hall TJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Industrial Waste analysis, Paper, United States, Water Movements, Ecosystem, Industrial Waste adverse effects, Invertebrates physiology, Rivers, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
Changes in macroinvertebrate communities exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME) have been seen in mesocosm and short-term field studies. However, long-term patterns of macroinvertebrates in PPME receiving streams have not been examined. We conducted a study of 4 PPME receiving streams (Codorus Creek, PA; the Leaf River, MS; and the McKenzie and Willamette rivers, OR) over 9 y to assess temporal patterns in macroinvertebrate community structure and metrics related to PPME discharge. Study streams represented different ecoregions, warm-/cold-water systems, gradients of PPME concentration (<1%-33%), and mill process types. Bray-Curtis similarity and nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed significant community differences across sites in Codorus Creek, but differences were related to stream temperature patterns and not PPME. In the other study streams, seasonal community differences across years were greater than differences across sites. General linear models were used to examine spatial and temporal variation in macroinvertebrate metric response (% dominant taxa, density, richness, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index [HBI], Simpson's Index, and ash-free dry mass). Mean HBI scores indicated that the macroinvertebrate community reflected fair to very good water quality conditions, with water quality typically classified as "good" at most sites. Significant site differences in macroinvertebrate metric response were uncommon in the Leaf, McKenzie, and Willamette rivers but were seen in all metrics in Codorus Creek, where metric response was spatially variable. In the McKenzie River, there was an increase in mean HBI scores at sites downstream of the mill relative to 1 of the 2 upstream sites. However, significant differences were seen only between 1 upstream and downstream site, and HBI scores at all downstream sites consistently reflected "good" water quality. Significant annual differences in metric response were typical in all rivers. Water quality (pH, conductivity, total nitrogen) and habitat (velocity, depth, substrate composition) variables explained community structure patterns in the Leaf and McKenzie rivers, but macroinvertebrate-environment relationships were weak in the other 2 streams. The results of this study indicate that macroinvertebrate community structure is temporally variable and reiterate the importance of long-term studies for accurate determination of the effects of point sources such as PPME on receiving systems.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A comparison of the sensitivity of stream benthic community indices to effects associated with mines, pulp and paper mills, and urbanization.
- Author
-
Kilgour BW, Somers KM, and Barton DR
- Subjects
- Animals, Multivariate Analysis, Paper, Population Dynamics, Quality Control, Reference Values, Sensitivity and Specificity, Environmental Monitoring methods, Industrial Waste, Invertebrates, Mining, Models, Theoretical, Water Pollutants poisoning
- Abstract
This study examined the relative sensitivities of seven commonly used indices of stream benthic community composition and three multivariate indices to effects associated with mines, pulp and paper mills, and urbanization. The indices included total abundance, number of taxa, diversity (H'), evenness, Hilsenhoff's biotic index (HBI), the BioMAP water quality index (WQI), the percent model affinity (PMA), and the first three ordination axes from a correspondence analysis. The second objective of the study was to determine the degree of redundancy among these indices. Six data sets (two from each of the three types of development) were used to address the objectives. In each data set, replicate benthic samples were collected from reference areas as well as one or more downstream areas exposed to a point-source or non-point-source discharge. The PMA approach and the ordination axes indicated significant differences between the reference and downstream communities for all six data sets (p < 0.05). With the exception of H', each of the other metrics revealed significant effects associated with one or two, but not all three, types of development. For example, the HBI and WQI indicated significant effects associated with pulp and paper mills and urbanization, but not mining. In all studies, effect sizes (i.e., the standardized difference between means for the reference and exposed areas expressed in units of standard deviations [SDs]) exceeded 2 SDs. However, effect sizes for the PMA and the first or second ordination axis scores were generally larger than effect sizes for the other metrics, indicating that these indices were often the most sensitive indicators of development. In addition, a high degree of redundancy was found among the various metrics, perhaps because the effects were large (i.e., >2 SDs). The greater sensitivity of the ordination axes and the PMA approach emphasizes their value as indices of benthic community composition. As a result, we recommend that any suite of indices used for assessing benthic communities should include these types of multivariate metrics.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Effects of Paper Mill Sludge in Spruce-Fir Forests on Wildlife in Maine
- Author
-
Vera, Christopher J. and Servello, Frederick A.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Uptake of organic xenobiotics by benthic invertebrates from sediment contaminated by the pulp and paper industry.
- Author
-
Meriläinen P and Oikari A
- Subjects
- Animals, Organic Chemicals analysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Water Pollutants analysis, Xenobiotics analysis, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Invertebrates metabolism, Organic Chemicals metabolism, Textile Industry, Water Pollutants metabolism, Xenobiotics metabolism
- Abstract
Uptake of pulp and paper mill-derived pollutants by benthic invertebrates from sediment in Southern Lake Saimaa, eastern Finland, was studied. Two groups of benthic invertebrates (Diptera and Oligochaeta) were analyzed for their concentrations of resin acids (RAs), chlorophenolics (CPs) and beta-sitosterol. The samples were collected 1 and 3km downstream from the mill. In laboratory experiments Chironomus plumosus (a dipteran) and Lumbriculus variegatus (oligochaete) were exposed for 14d to sediments collected from the same locations. The concentrations of RAs, CPs and beta-sitosterol were higher in the areas downstream from the mill than those in the upstream reference area in both the feral and laboratory-exposed animals. Examination of the possible conjugation of contaminants revealed hydrolyzable fractions of RAs in Diptera, C. plumosus and L. variegatus. The results indicate both the bioavailability uptake of contaminants and uptake by benthic fauna when exposed to pulp and paper mill-contaminated sediment.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Identification and characterization, by paper chromatography, of enteramine, octopamine, tyramine, histamine and allied substances in extracts of posterior salivary glands of octopoda and in other tissue extracts of vertebrates and invertebrates.
- Author
-
ERSPAMER V and BORETTI G
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Amines, Chromatography, Paper, Histamine, Invertebrates, Octopamine, Octopodiformes, Salivary Glands, Serotonin, Tissue Extracts, Tyramine, Vertebrates
- Published
- 1951
12. Long-term climate and hydrologic regimes shape stream invertebrate community responses to a hurricane disturbance.
- Author
-
Strickland BA, Patrick CJ, Carvallo FR, Kinard SK, Solis AT, Reese BK, and Hogan JD
- Subjects
- Animals, Texas, Biodiversity, Rain, Climate, Floods, Hydrology, Ecosystem, Invertebrates physiology, Cyclonic Storms, Rivers
- Abstract
Disturbances can produce a spectrum of short- and long-term ecological consequences that depend on complex interactions of the characteristics of the event, antecedent environmental conditions, and the intrinsic properties of resistance and resilience of the affected biological system. We used Hurricane Harvey's impact on coastal rivers of Texas to examine the roles of storm-related changes in hydrology and long-term precipitation regime on the response of stream invertebrate communities to hurricane disturbance. We detected declines in richness, diversity and total abundance following the storm, but responses were strongly tied to direct and indirect effects of long-term aridity and short-term changes in stream hydrology. The amount of rainfall a site received drove both flood duration and flood magnitude across sites, but lower annual rainfall amounts (i.e. aridity) increased flood magnitude and decreased flood duration. Across all sites, flood duration was positively related to the time it took for invertebrate communities to return to a long-term baseline and flood magnitude drove larger invertebrate community responses (i.e. changes in diversity and total abundance). However, invertebrate response per unit flood magnitude was lower in sub-humid sites, potentially because of differences in refuge availability or ecological-evolutionary interactions. Interestingly, sub-humid streams had temporary large peaks in invertebrate total abundance and diversity following recovery period that may be indicative of the larger organic matter pulses expected in these systems because of their comparatively well-developed riparian vegetation. Our findings show that hydrology and long-term precipitation regime predictably affected invertebrate community responses and, thus, our work underscores the important influence of local climate to ecosystem sensitivity to disturbances., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Transcriptome sequencing of seven deep marine invertebrates.
- Author
-
Burns JA, Daniels J, Becker KP, Casagrande D, Roberts P, Orenstein E, Vogt DM, Teoh ZE, Wood R, Yin AH, Genot B, Wood RJ, Katija K, Phillips BT, and Gruber DF
- Subjects
- Animals, Pacific Ocean, Aquatic Organisms genetics, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Transcriptome, Invertebrates genetics
- Abstract
We present 4k video and whole transcriptome data for seven deep-sea invertebrate animals collected in the Eastern Pacific Ocean during a research expedition onboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute's R/V Falkor in August of 2021. The animals include one jellyfish (Atolla sp.), three siphonophores (Apolemia sp., Praya sp., and Halistemma sp.), one larvacean (Bathochordaeus mcnutti), one tunicate (Pyrosomatidae sp.), and one ctenophore (Lampocteis sp.). Four of the animals were sequenced with long-read RNA sequencing technology, such that the reads themselves define a reference assembly for those animals. The larvacean tissues were successfully preserved in situ and has paired long-read reference data and short read quantitative transcriptomic data for within-specimen analyses of gene expression. Additionally, for three animals we provide quantitative image data, and a 3D model for one siphonophore. The paired image and transcriptomic data can be used for species identification, species description, and reference genetic data for these deep-sea animals., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Special Paper: Is Greenland a Zoogeographical Unit of Its Own?
- Author
-
Bergersen, Robert
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Notes on the Mushroom Bodies of the Invertebrates. A Preliminary Paper on the Comparative Study of the Arthropod and Annelid Brain
- Author
-
Turner, C. H.
- Published
- 1899
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Vermiremediation of heavy metals in wastewater sludge from paper and pulp industry using earthworm Eisenia fetida.
- Author
-
Suthar, Surindra, Sajwan, Poonam, and Kumar, Kapil
- Subjects
HEAVY metals removal (Sewage purification) ,EISENIA foetida ,BIOREMEDIATION ,BIOACCUMULATION ,PAPER mill waste ,BIOCONCENTRATION ,CONCENTRATION functions ,INVERTEBRATES - Abstract
This work presents the results of removing heavy metals from paper mill wastewater (PMS) sludge spiked with cow dung (CD) employing Eisenia fetida. A total of seven set-ups were prepared: CD (100 percent), PMS: CD (1:3), PMS:CD (1:2), PMS:CD (1:1), PMS (100 percent), PMS:CD (3:1) and PMS:CD (2:1) and changes in chemical parameters were observed for 60 days. Vermistabilization caused the significant decrease in the level of Cd (32–37 percent), Cr (47.3–80.9 percent), Cu (68.8–88.4 percent), and Pb (95.3–97.5 percent) and substantial increase in EC, total-N, available P and K at the end. At the end, the tissues of inoculated worms showed the high load (mg kg−1, dry biomass) of Pb (8.81–9.69), Cd (2.31–2.71), Cr (20.7–35.9) and Cu (9.94–11.6), respectively which indicated bioaccumulation of metals by worms. The PMS:CD (2:1 and/or 3:1) appeared to be suitable waste mixture in terms of high metal removal and earthworm growth rates. Bioaccumulation, as quantified using BCF, was in the order: Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu. Results suggested vermiremediation as appropriate technology for bioremediation of heavy metals from PMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Effects of pulp mill effluent on benthic assemblages in mesocosms along the Saint John River, Canada.
- Author
-
Culp JM, Cash KJ, Glozier NE, and Brua RB
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomass, Environmental Monitoring, Eukaryota, Food Chain, New Brunswick, Paper, Population Dynamics, Risk Assessment, Rivers, Industrial Waste, Invertebrates, Water Pollutants, Chemical poisoning
- Abstract
We used mesocosms to examine the impact of different concentrations of pulp mill effluent (PME) on structural and functional endpoints of a benthic assemblage in the Saint John River (NB, Canada) during 1999 and 2000. Previous studies on this effluent's effects produced conflicting results, with field surveys suggesting a pattern of mild nutrient enrichment, while laboratory toxicity tests linked effluent exposure to moderate contaminant effects. Experimental treatments included three concentrations of sulfite pulp mill effluent (0, 5, 10% v/v PME). Endpoints for the assessment included algal biomass and taxonomic composition, benthic invertebrate abundance and composition, and insect emergence. Low concentrations of PME increased periphyton biomass and caused changes in community structure within the diatom-dominated community. Pulp mill effluent addition had little effect on several structural endpoints measured for benthic invertebrates, including abundance and taxonomic richness, but significantly changed community composition. For both periphyton and benthic invertebrates, community composition endpoints were more sensitive indicators of PME exposure. Insect emergence was a highly relevant functional endpoint. When benthic and emerged insects were combined, total abundance increased with PME addition. Results from two trophic levels, which provided multiple lines of evidence, indicated that the main impact of these PME concentrations is nutrient enrichment rather than effluent toxicity. Our findings also suggest that benthic invertebrate and periphyton assemblages, algal biomass production, and insect emergence are sensitive response measures. Future studies may confirm this observation. The consideration of both functional and structural endpoints at different trophic levels can greatly improve our understanding the effects of discharges to rivers. Such an understanding could not have been obtained using standard assessment techniques and illustrates the value of mesocosms and the benthic community assemblage approach in environmental assessment.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Impacts of Fenholloway River water on invertebrate biodiversity and growth of Daphnia magna.
- Author
-
Kozel TR, Brynda JM, Pruitt SC, and Baldwin WS
- Subjects
- Animals, Endocrine System drug effects, Industrial Waste, Paper, Population Dynamics, Daphnia growth & development, Invertebrates, Water Pollutants toxicity
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Ontogenic Caste Differences in the Van der Vecht Organ of Primitively Eusocial Neotropical Paper Wasps.
- Author
-
de Souza, André Rodrigues, Petrocelli, Iacopo, Lino-Neto, José, Santos, Eduardo Fernando, Noll, Fernando Barbosa, and Turillazzi, Stefano
- Subjects
- *
PAPER wasps , *DIMORPHISM in animals , *INSECT morphology , *QUEENS (Insects) , *CLASSIFICATION of insects , *INSECTS , *ONTOGENY - Abstract
Recent studies have reported incipient morphological caste dimorphism in the Van der Vecht organ size of some temperate Polistes paper wasps. Whether species other than the temperate ones show a similar pattern remains elusive. Here, we have studied some Neotropical Polistes species. By comparing females collected through the year, we showed caste related differences in the size of the Van der Vecht organ in P. ferreri (body size corrected Van der Vech organ size of queens = 0.45 ± 0.06, workers = 0.38 ± 0.07 mm2, p = 0.0021), P. versicolor (body size corrected Van der Vech organ size of queens = 0.54 ± 0.11, workers = 0.46 ± 0.09 mm2, p = 0.010), but not P. simillimus (body size corrected Van der Vech organ size of queens = 0.52 ± 0.05, workers = 0.49 ± 0.06 mm2, p = 0.238). Therefore, it seems that queens and workers of some Neotropical Polistes have diverged in their ontogenic trajectory of the Van der Vecht organ size, providing clear evidence for incipient morphological caste dimorphism. As Polistes are distributed mostly in the tropics, we propose that physical caste differences may be widespread in the genus. Also, we highlight that morphological divergence in the queen–worker phenotypes may have started through differential selection of body structures, like the Van der Vecht organ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Matrix paper
- Author
-
Lundgren, Jonathan
- Subjects
Plant Sciences ,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology ,Research Methods in Life Sciences ,Life Sciences ,Agriculture ,Biodiversity ,Invertebrates ,Sustainability ,Natural Resources and Conservation ,Physical Sciences and Mathematics ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Regenerative Agriculture Label ,Entomology ,Environmental Sciences ,Haney Test - Abstract
Data supporting the peer-reviewed manuscript: Defining and validating regenerative farm systems using a composite of ranked agricultural practices Tommy Fenster Claire E. LaCanne Jacob R. Pecenka Ryan B. Schmid Michael M. Bredeson Katya Busenitz Alex Michels Kelton D. Welch Jonathan G. Lundgren
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Assessing the ecological health of the upper and middle Awash River, Ethiopia, using benthic macroinvertebrates community structure and selected environmental variables.
- Author
-
Muluye T, Mengistou S, and Fetahi T
- Subjects
- Animals, Ethiopia, Ecosystem, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Invertebrates, Environmental Monitoring
- Abstract
Research on the Awash River focused on the upper section, while the middle and lower regions received little attention. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic activities on the upper and middle Awash River. The study took place in nine sampling locations in dry and wet seasons from September 2021 to April 2022 using a multi-habitat sampling approach. We used macroinvertebrate metrics, environmental variables, and multivariate analysis to evaluate ecological health. The highest concentrations of NO
3 , soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus (0.50-0.93 mg L-1 ) were recorded at the river-mouth of the upper Awash, while the locations below Metehara had the lowest levels of dissolved oxygen (1.81-2.33 mg L-1 ). Redundancy analysis indicated that dissolved oxygen, NH3 , temperature, NO2 , pH, TSS, NO3 , and TDS influenced macroinvertebrate distribution. The presence of the sensitive groups Caenidae, Hydropsychidae, Heptageniidae, and Aeshnidae at upstream sites indicated better ecological conditions. The middle and downstream sites supported moderately tolerant and tolerant taxa demonstrating water quality impairment. The lowest Ethiopian biotic score was recorded at the river-mouth of the upper Awash. The study sites below Metehara demonstrated severe ecological impairment since highly tolerant taxa were abundant and had strong correlations with temperature, TSS, and TDS levels. Pollutants from agricultural farms and domestic and industrial wastes from Addis Ababa, Metehara, and Merti towns most likely affect the impaired sites. This study demonstrated that the middle Awash experienced substantial ecological deterioration, indicating the need for restoration works to fit the water for socio-economic development., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The River Bjerkreim in SW Norway — Successful Chemical and Biological Recovery After Liming
- Author
-
Walseng, Bjørn, Langåker, Roy M., Brandrud, Tor E., Brettum, Pål, Fjellheim, Arne, Hesthagen, Trygve, Kaste, Øyvind, Larsen, Bjørn M., Lindstrøm, Eli-A., Satake, Kenichi, editor, Shindo, Junko, editor, Takamatsu, Takejiro, editor, Nakano, Takanori, editor, Aoki, Shigeru, editor, Fukuyama, Tsutomu, editor, Hatakeyama, Shiro, editor, Ikuta, Kazukamasa, editor, Kawashima, Munetsugu, editor, Kohno, Yoshihisa, editor, Kojima, Satoru, editor, Murano, Kentaro, editor, Okita, Toshiichi, editor, Taoda, Hiroshi, editor, Tsunoda, Kinichi, editor, and Tsurumi, Makoto, editor
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The first healed injury in a hyolith operculum.
- Author
-
Fatka O, Valent M, and Budil P
- Subjects
- Animals, Fossils, Invertebrates
- Abstract
The Palaeozoic sediments of the Barrandian area are globally well-known as a classic example of rocks characterised by an abundant skeletal marine fauna, including well-preserved remains of hyoliths. Several tens specimens of malformed invertebrates such as trilobites, cephalopods and gastropods have been collected and documented from Cambrian to Devonian clastic sediments and carbonates in this area. However, no malformed hyolith specimen has yet been recorded. Hyoliths are Palaeozoic animals with small calcium carbonate shells composed of the conch (= oblong, conical and bilaterally symmetrical shell of diverse cross section and aperture at its wide end) and the operculum (= cap closing the conch aperture). Here we describe an operculum showing regeneration after non-lethal predatory attack in the Ordovician hyolith Elegantilites custos. This is the first record of regeneration in a hyolith operculum that has been repaired after a failed durophagous attack. Epibenthic/infaunal predatory echinoderms, such as ophiuroids, are considered as potential culprits., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Tube-dwelling in early animals exemplified by Cambrian scalidophoran worms.
- Author
-
Wang D, Vannier J, Aria C, Sun J, and Han J
- Subjects
- Animals, China, Phylogeny, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Fossils, Invertebrates
- Abstract
Background: The radiation of ecdysozoans (moulting animals) during the Cambrian gave rise to panarthropods and various groups of worms including scalidophorans, which played an important role in the elaboration of early marine ecosystems. Although most scalidophorans were infaunal burrowers travelling through soft sediment at the bottom of the sea, Selkirkia lived inside a tube., Results: We explore the palaeobiology of these tubicolous worms, and more generally the origin and evolutionary significance of tube-dwelling in early animals, based on exceptionally preserved fossils from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Stage 3, China) including a new species, Selkirkia transita sp. nov. We find that the best phylogenetic model resolves Selkirkia as a stem-group priapulid. Selkirkia secreted a protective cuticular thickening, the tube, inside which it was able to move during at least part of its life. Partly based on measured growth patterns, we construe that this tube was separated from the trunk during a moulting process that has no direct equivalent in other scalidophorans. Although the ontogeny of Selkirkia is currently unknown, we hypothesize that its conical tube might have had the same ecological function and possibly even deep development origin as the lorica, a protective cuticular thickening found in larval priapulids and adult loriciferans. Selkirkia is seen as a semi-sedentary animal capable of very shallow incursions below the water/sediment interface, possibly for feeding or during the tube-secreting phase. Brachiopod epibionts previously reported from the Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte (ca. 514 Ma) also presumably occur in Selkirkia sinica from Chengjiang (ca. 518 Ma)., Conclusions: Our critical and model-based approach provides a new phylogenetic framework for Scalidophora, upon which to improve in order to study the evolution of morphological characters in this group. Tube-dwelling is likely to have offered Selkirkia better protection and anchoring to sediment and has developed simultaneously in other Cambrian animals such as hemichordates, annelids or panarthropods. Often lost in modern representatives in favour of active infaunal lifestyles, tube-dwelling can be regarded as an early evolutionary response of various metazoans to increasing environmental and biological pressure in Cambrian marine ecosystems., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Paper craft model of the clam : learning of the body plan of invertebrates
- Subjects
Teacher training students ,Body axis ,Dissection ,Body plan, Clam ,Invertebrates ,Paper craft model - Abstract
Bivalvia, a class of Mollusca, is an animal group with a body plan covering the soft internal body with a pair of left and right shells. However, it is difficult imagining their internal structures and body plan. In this article, we focused on understanding the body plan of the clam using paper craft to enhance observation and dissection in order to highlight biological diversity for students. In questionnaires regarding the body plan of the clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, approximately 40% of teacher training students understood that clams possess anterior-posterior, dorso-ventral and left-right axes, but found it difficult to draw each axis. In particular, there was confusion concerning the fact that the clams possess a pair of shells along the left-right axis. Additionally, as the body plan of clams is very different from that of mammals, many students did not understand the functions of the exhalent and inhalent siphons. Therefore, we created a paper craft model of the clam to demonstrate its body plan in this study...
- Published
- 2015
26. MALDI-TOF MS identification of Anopheles gambiae Giles blood meal crushed on Whatman filter papers
- Author
-
Niare, Sirama, Almeras, Lionel, Tandina, Fatalmoudou, Yssouf, Amina, Bacar, Affane, Toilibou, Ali, Doumbo, Ogobara, Raoult, Didier, Parola, Philippe, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d’Infectiologie de Terrain, Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Programme Nationale de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministry of Public Health, Malaria Research and Training Centre, Université de Bamako-Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), COMBE, Isabelle, and INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID
- Subjects
Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease Vectors ,Mosquitoes ,Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Spectrum Analysis Techniques ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Abdomen ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,lcsh:Science ,Body Fluids ,Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry ,Insects ,Laboratory Equipment ,Chemistry ,Infectious Diseases ,Blood ,Physical Sciences ,Vertebrates ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Engineering and Technology ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Paper ,Arthropoda ,Equipment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Filter paper ,Anopheles ,parasitic diseases ,Parasitic Diseases ,Animals ,[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Insect Bites and Stings ,Feeding Behavior ,Tropical Diseases ,Anopheles gambiae ,Invertebrates ,Insect Vectors ,Malaria ,[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,Species Interactions ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,[SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
International audience; Background: Identification of the source of mosquito blood meals is an important component for disease control and surveillance. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling has emerged as an effective tool for mosquito blood meal identification, using the abdomens of freshly engorged mosquitoes. In the field, mosquito abdomens are crushed on Whatman filter papers to determine the host feeding patterns by identifying the origin of their blood meals. The aim of this study was to test whether crushing engorged mosquito abdomens on Whatman filter papers was compatible with MALDI-TOF MS for mosquito blood meal identification. Both laboratory reared and field collected mosquitoes were tested.Material and methods: Sixty Anopheles gambiae Giles were experimentally engorged on the blood of six distinct vertebrate hosts (human, sheep, rabbit, dog, chicken and rat). The engorged mosquito abdomens were crushed on Whatman filter papers for MALDI-TOF MS analysis. 150 Whatman filter papers, with mosquitoes engorged on cow and goat blood, were preserved. A total of 77 engorged mosquito abdomens collected in the Comoros Islands and crushed on Whatman filter papers were tested with MALDI-TOF MS. Results The MS profiles generated from mosquito engorged abdomens crushed on Whatman filter papers exhibited high reproducibility according to the original host blood. The blood meal host was correctly identified from mosquito abdomens crushed on Whatman filter papers by MALDI-TOF MS. The MS spectra obtained after storage were stable regardless of the room temperature and whether or not they were frozen. The MS profiles were reproducible for up to three months. For the Comoros samples, 70/77 quality MS spectra were obtained and matched with human blood spectra. This was confirmed by molecular tools.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could identify mosquito blood meals from Whatman filter papers collected in the field during entomological surveys. The application of MALDI-TOF MS has proved to be rapid and successful, making it a new and efficient tool for mosquito-borne disease surveillance.
- Published
- 2017
27. Nutrition and division of labor: Effects on foraging and brain gene expression in the paper wasp Polistes metricus.
- Author
-
DAUGHERTY, T. H. F., TOTH, A. L., and ROBINSON, G. E.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER wasps , *FORAGING behavior , *VERTEBRATES , *INVERTEBRATES , *SURVIVAL behavior (Animals) - Abstract
Deeply conserved molecular mechanisms regulate food-searching behaviour in response to nutritional cues in a wide variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. Studies of the highly eusocial honey bee have shown that nutritional physiology and some conserved nutrient signalling pathways, especially the insulin pathway, also regulate the division of labour between foraging and non-foraging individuals. Typically, lean workers leave the nest to forage for food, and well-nourished workers perform tasks inside the nest. Here we provide the first direct test of whether similar mechanisms operate in a primitively eusocial insect in an independently evolved social lineage, the paper wasp Polistes metricus. We found that food deprivation caused reduced lipid stores and higher levels of colony and individual foraging. Individuals with greatly reduced lipid stores foraged at extremely elevated levels. In addition, brain expression of several foraging-related genes was influenced by food deprivation, including insulin-like peptide 2 ( ilp2). Together with previous findings, our results demonstrate that nutrition regulates foraging division of labour in two independently evolved social insect lineages (bees and wasps), despite large differences in social organization. Our results also provide additional support for the idea that nutritional asymmetries among individuals, based on differences in nutritional physiology and expression of conserved nutrient signalling genes in the brain, are important in the division of labour in eusocial societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effect of Environmental Stressors on the Distribution and Abundance of Macroinvertebrates in Upper Awash River at Chilimo Forest, West Shewa, Ethiopia.
- Author
-
Dabessa, Misgana, Lakew, Aschalew, Devi, Prabha, and Teressa, Hirpasa
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL diversity , *PAPER mill waste , *INVERTEBRATES , *ENVIRONMENTAL indicators , *OXYGEN in water , *AQUATIC invertebrates , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Ethiopia is experiencing deterioration in river quality resulting in adverse effects on human health and hydrobionts. This study aimed to analyse the effects of specific environmental stressors on the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates in the Upper Awash River. The study was conducted from January 2018 to March 2018. Macroinvertebrates were collected from five sites using standard handheld nets. Physicochemical parameters including electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorous, nitrate-nitrogen, pH, dissolved oxygen and water temperature that can affect the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates were assessed. A total of 14,465 individuals belonging to 33 families of insects and 5 families of the noninsect group were identified. Among all recorded taxa, Diptera was the most abundant and diversified order. Macroinvertebrates among the five sites showed variation in species evenness, richness, and Shannon Diversity Index. Values obtained from biotic indices and environmental parameters indicated the presence of organic pollution at different levels. The impacted downstream site paper mill waste (Walgata) had the relatively highest H-FBI index followed by Osole (more agricultural activities) indicating that Walgata and Osole were poorer in benthic faunal diversity than other sites. In addition, as habitat and water quality degradation increased, the number and percentage of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) decreased. The selected metrics will be also useful for the monitoring and assessment of the riverine systems and to access the impact of different stressors. As perturbation increased, species diversity, ETHbios index, Average Score Per Taxon, and family richness decreased, while the percentage of Chironomidae, Diptera, Dominant Taxa, and Hilsenhoff Family-Level Biotic Index increased indicating that tolerant species become abundant in degraded river bodies. Environmental protection agencies of governmental and nongovernmental organizations should make awareness for the local people so that they reduce activities that affect the river. Paper factory should also monitor its effluent from directly discharging into the Upper Awash River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A Discussion On The Haemoflagellates. Opening Paper [with Discussion]
- Author
-
Minchin, E. A.
- Published
- 1907
30. Long-term supratidal rockpool invertebrate community, Discovery Bay, Jamaica.
- Author
-
Schenk S, Lavender TM, and Kolasa J
- Subjects
- Animals, Jamaica, Water, Fresh Water, Ecosystem, Bays, Invertebrates
- Abstract
The rockpool cluster offers unique characteristics making it a model system for general questions in ecology: (1) all rockpools share biotic history (any species can reach any rockpool); (2) they form a strong gradient of conditions from benign to harsh; (3) 1-day sampling across all rockpools ensures census consistency; (4) rockpools respond to changing conditions within a short (days) time frame; (5) they are easy to manipulate (note: the data are from an unmanipulated rockpool subset), and (6) they may act as a single metacommunity that exhibits consistent species distribution patterns on a broader scale (unpublished). Consequently, the rockpools continue generating insights, with the first publications in 1996. The data represent an intensive rockpool metacommunity monitoring project, making them of considerable value to our understanding of tropical coastal metacommunity dynamics and general ecological processes. The dataset covers surveys of invertebrate fauna in 49, primarily supratidal, rockpools on a fossil coral reef over 25 years. All rockpools occur within a 73 × 47 m array of rocks at a distance of less than 2 m from the nearest neighbor. About 200 other rockpools occur on the same area. They are in a sheltered bay (Discovery Bay, Jamaica) between 0 and 5 m from the ocean. Typically, rockpools are 5-30 cm deep and 40 cm across on average, with elevation from a few centimeters to 300 cm above sea level. Rockpools may drain excess water from precipitation or waves into other rockpools, which allows organisms to disperse passively downstream. Of the 49 rockpools in the survey, 35 are subject to occasional drying up, while the others appear permanent. Most collections (1989-2004) were annual censuses of invertebrate populations, exceeding a total of 475,000 invertebrates counted, with only minor record gaps. In all cases, species level taxonomic information consists of detailed photographs. In some cases, notes are included with the taxonomic data where species identification could not be matched to information available in the literature. Samples from 2005 to 2019 still require organism identification. Abiotic parameters were measured the day before biotic sampling took place as the process of biotic sampling can impact abiotic parameters through stirring, oxygenation and filtering (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, light intensity, salinity, alkalinity, and nutrients). The cumulative richness in the metacommunity consist of 78 freshwater, marine, and brackish water taxa, with a mean richness per rockpool of 5.5 distinct species. Regarding taxonomic makeup, ostracods dominated in both diversity and number, followed by copepods, and insects. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Altered feeding behavior and immune competence in paper wasps: A case of parasite manipulation?
- Author
-
Lorenzo Cecchi, Federico Cappa, Marta Mariotti Lippi, Corrado Tani, Nadia Mulinacci, Claudia Giuliani, Duccio Cavalieri, Laura Beani, Niccolò Meriggi, and Fabio Manfredini
- Subjects
Male ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Life Cycles ,Physiology ,Animals ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Bignoniaceae ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Feeding Behavior ,Glucosides ,Holometabola ,Immunity, Innate ,Immunocompetence ,Larva ,Mass Spectrometry ,Phenols ,Plant Nectar ,Wasps ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Social Sciences ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Sepals ,Medical Conditions ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Parasite hosting ,Foraging ,Flower Anatomy ,Multidisciplinary ,Animal Behavior ,Plant Anatomy ,Eukaryota ,Calyx ,Insects ,Medicine ,Buds ,Research Article ,Arthropoda ,Parasitic Life Cycles ,Science ,Zoology ,Xenos vesparum ,macromolecular substances ,Biology ,Polistes dominula ,010603 evolutionary biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Parasitic Diseases ,Nectar ,Secretion ,Behavior ,fungi ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Hymenoptera ,Invertebrates ,030104 developmental biology ,Campsis radicans ,Parasitology ,Physiological Processes ,Entomology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Paper wasps (Polistes dominula), parasitized by the strepsipteran Xenos vesparum, are castrated and desert the colony to gather on plants where the parasite mates and releases primary larvae, thus completing its lifecycle. One of these plants is the trumpet creeper Campsis radicans: in a previous study the majority of all wasps collected from this plant were parasitized and focused their foraging activity on C. radicans buds. The unexpected prevalence and unusual feeding strategy prompted us to investigate the influence of this plant on wasp behavior and physiology through a multidisciplinary approach. First, in a series of laboratory bioassays, we observed that parasitized wasps spent more time than non-parasitized ones on fresh C. radicans buds, rich of extra-floral nectaries (EFNs), while the same wasps ignored treated buds that lacked nectar drops. Then, we described the structure and ultra-structure of EFNs secreting cells, compatible with the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Subsequently, we analysed extracts from different bud tissues by HPLC-DAD-MS and found that verbascoside was the most abundant bioactive molecule in those tissues rich in EFNs. Finally, we tested the immune-stimulant properties of verbascoside, as the biochemical nature of this compound indicates it might function as an antibacterial and antioxidant. We measured bacterial clearance in wasps, as a proxy for overall immune competence, and observed that it was enhanced after administration of verbascoside—even more so if the wasp was parasitized. We hypothesize that the parasite manipulates wasp behavior to preferentially feed on C. radicans EFNs, since the bioactive properties of verbascoside likely increase host survival and thus the parasite own fitness.
- Published
- 2020
32. Continent-wide declines in shallow reef life over a decade of ocean warming.
- Author
-
Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith RD, Heather FJ, Barrett NS, Turak E, Sweatman H, Emslie MJ, Brock DJ, Hicks J, French B, Baker SC, Howe SA, Jordan A, Knott NA, Mooney P, Cooper AT, Oh ES, Soler GA, Mellin C, Ling SD, Dunic JC, Turnbull JW, Day PB, Larkin MF, Seroussi Y, Stuart-Smith J, Clausius E, Davis TR, Shields J, Shields D, Johnson OJ, Fuchs YH, Denis-Roy L, Jones T, and Bates AE
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Population Dynamics, Population Density, Extinction, Biological, Conservation of Natural Resources trends, Echinodermata classification, Anthozoa, Coral Reefs, Fishes classification, Invertebrates classification, Oceans and Seas, Global Warming statistics & numerical data, Seaweed classification, Extreme Heat, Seawater analysis
- Abstract
Human society is dependent on nature
1,2 , but whether our ecological foundations are at risk remains unknown in the absence of systematic monitoring of species' populations3 . Knowledge of species fluctuations is particularly inadequate in the marine realm4 . Here we assess the population trends of 1,057 common shallow reef species from multiple phyla at 1,636 sites around Australia over the past decade. Most populations decreased over this period, including many tropical fishes, temperate invertebrates (particularly echinoderms) and southwestern Australian macroalgae, whereas coral populations remained relatively stable. Population declines typically followed heatwave years, when local water temperatures were more than 0.5 °C above temperatures in 2008. Following heatwaves5,6 , species abundances generally tended to decline near warm range edges, and increase near cool range edges. More than 30% of shallow invertebrate species in cool latitudes exhibited high extinction risk, with rapidly declining populations trapped by deep ocean barriers, preventing poleward retreat as temperatures rise. Greater conservation effort is needed to safeguard temperate marine ecosystems, which are disproportionately threatened and include species with deep evolutionary roots. Fundamental among such efforts, and broader societal needs to efficiently adapt to interacting anthropogenic and natural pressures, is greatly expanded monitoring of species' population trends7,8 ., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Robert P. Higgins Papers : field notes, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, circa 1976
- Author
-
Higgins, Robert P., Smithsonian Institution Archives, and Higgins, Robert P.
- Subjects
Crustacea ,Field notes ,Florida ,Higgins, Robert P ,Invertebrates ,Mollusks ,National Museum of Natural History (U.S.) ,North Carolina ,Smithsonian Institution ,South Carolina ,Zoology - Published
- 1976
34. Robert P. Higgins Papers : field data, Canada, Panama, Honduras, United States, Sweden, United Kingdom, Thailand, Mexico, Japan, Seychelles, Australia, Navassa Island, Fiji, Mariana Islands, 1977, 1979, 1986-1989
- Author
-
Higgins, Robert P., Smithsonian Institution Archives, and Higgins, Robert P.
- Subjects
Australia ,Canada ,Field notes ,Fiji ,Higgins, Robert P ,Honduras ,Invertebrates ,Japan ,Mariana Islands ,Mexico ,National Museum of Natural History (U.S.) ,Navassa Island ,Panama ,Seychelles ,Smithsonian Institution ,Sweden ,Thailand ,United Kingdom ,United States ,Zoology - Published
- 1977
35. Robert P. Higgins Papers : field notes, Belize, Delaware, 1977
- Author
-
Higgins, Robert P., Smithsonian Institution Archives, and Higgins, Robert P.
- Subjects
Belize ,Delaware ,Field notes ,Higgins, Robert P ,Invertebrates ,Kinorhyncha ,Marine invertebrates--Caribbean Sea ,National Museum of Natural History (U.S.) ,Smithsonian Institution ,Zoology - Published
- 1977
36. Robert P. Higgins Papers : field notes, United Kingdom, Washington, 1978
- Author
-
Higgins, Robert P., Smithsonian Institution Archives, and Higgins, Robert P.
- Subjects
Field notes ,Higgins, Robert P ,Invertebrates ,Marine invertebrates--Great Britain ,Marine invertebrates--Pacific Coast ,National Museum of Natural History (U.S.) ,Smithsonian Institution ,United Kingdom ,Washingon ,Zoology - Published
- 1978
37. Over 90 endangered fish and invertebrates are caught in industrial fisheries.
- Author
-
Roberson LA, Watson RA, and Klein CJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Endangered Species economics, Fisheries economics, Marine Biology, Seafood classification, Seafood economics, Seafood statistics & numerical data, Endangered Species statistics & numerical data, Fisheries statistics & numerical data, Fishes classification, Invertebrates classification
- Abstract
Industrial-scale harvest of species at risk of extinction is controversial and usually highly regulated on land and for charismatic marine animals (e.g. whales). In contrast, threatened marine fish species can be legally caught in industrial fisheries. To determine the magnitude and extent of this problem, we analyze global fisheries catch and import data and find reported catch records of 91 globally threatened species. Thirteen of the species are traded internationally and predominantly consumed in European nations. Targeted industrial fishing for 73 of the threatened species accounts for nearly all (99%) of the threatened species catch volume and value. Our results are a conservative estimate of threatened species catch and trade because we only consider species-level data, excluding group records such as 'sharks and rays.' Given the development of new fisheries monitoring technologies and the current push for stronger international mechanisms for biodiversity management, industrial fishing of threatened fish and invertebrates should no longer be neglected in conservation and sustainability commitments.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Assessing and monitoring the ecotoxicity of pulp and paper wastewater for irrigating reed fields using the polyurethane foam unit method based on monitoring protozoal communities
- Author
-
Jinlong Yan, Tianming Chen, Li Zhaoxia, and Cheng Ding
- Subjects
Paper ,China ,Agricultural Irrigation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Polyurethanes ,engineering.material ,Wastewater ,Ecotoxicology ,Poaceae ,stomatognathic system ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Water pollution ,Pulp (paper) ,Environmental engineering ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Invertebrates ,Bioaccumulation ,Wetlands ,Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,Water quality ,Ecotoxicity ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Using the standardized polyurethane foam unit (PFU) method, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the ecotoxic effects of the pulp and paper wastewater for irrigating reed fields. Static ectoxicity test had shown protozoal communities were very sensitive to variations in toxin time and effective concentration (EC) of the pulp and paper wastewater. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was a more suitable indicator of the extent of water pollution than Gleason and Margalef diversity index (d), Simpson's diversity index (D), and Pielou's index (J). The regression equation between S eq and EC was S eq = - 0.118EC + 18.554. The relatively safe concentration and maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of the wastewater for the protozoal communities were about 20 % and 42 %, respectively. To safely use this wastewater for irrigation, more than 58 % of the toxins must be removed or diluted by further processing. Monitoring of the wastewater in representative irrigated reed fields showed that the regularity of the protozoal colonization process was similar to the static ectoxicity, indicating that the toxicity of the irrigating pulp and paper wastewater was not lethal to protozoal communities in the reed fields. This study demonstrated the applicability of the PFU method in monitoring the ecotoxic effects of pulp and paper wastewater on the level of microbial communities and may guide the supervision and control of pulp and paper wastewater irrigating within the reed fields ecological system (RFES).
- Published
- 2014
39. Chordate muscle actins differ distinctly from invertebrate muscle actins. The evolution of the different vertebrate muscle actins.
- Author
-
Vandekerckhove J and Weber K
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Biological Evolution, Electrophoresis, Paper, Muscle, Smooth analysis, Peptide Fragments, Trypsin, Urochordata analysis, Vertebrates metabolism, Actins, Chordata, Nonvertebrate analysis, Invertebrates metabolism, Muscles analysis
- Abstract
A total of 30 actins from various chordate and invertebrate muscle sources were either characterized by full amino acid sequence data or typed by those partial sequences in the NH2-terminal tryptic peptide which are known to be specific markers for different actin isoforms. The results show that most, if not all, invertebrate muscle actins are homologous to each other and to the isoforms recognized as vertebrate cytoplasmic actins. In contrast the actin forms typically found in muscle cells of warm-blooded vertebrates are noticeably different from invertebrate muscle actins and seem to have appeared in evolution already with the origin of chordates. During subsequent vertebrate evolution there has been a high degree of sequence conservation similar or stronger than that seen in histone H4. Urochordates, Cephalochordates and probably also Agnathes express only one type of muscle actin. Two types, a striated muscle-specific form and a smooth muscle form, are already observed in Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes. Later in evolution, with the origin of reptiles, both muscle actins seem to have duplicated again; the striated muscle type branched into a skeletal- and cardiac-specific form, while the smooth muscle form duplicated into a vascular- and stomach-specific type. These findings support the hypothesis that each of the four muscle actins of warm-blooded vertebrates are coded for by a small number and possibly only one functional gene.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. [Influence of sodium iodine concentration on the nitrogen metabolism of a marine organism: Microcosmus sabatieri R].
- Author
-
Laurens S and Commanay L
- Subjects
- Amino Acids analysis, Animals, Autoanalysis, Chromatography, Paper, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Nitrogen analysis, Proteins analysis, Sodium, Invertebrates metabolism, Iodides, Nitrogen metabolism
- Published
- 1970
41. Structural studies on Dendrostomum pyroides hemerythrin.
- Author
-
Ferrell RE and Kitto GB
- Subjects
- Acetates, Acylation, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acids analysis, Animals, Autoanalysis, Biological Evolution, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Electrophoresis, Paper, Fluorine, Hydantoins, Iron, Methods, Peptides analysis, Peptides isolation & purification, Species Specificity, Trypsin, Invertebrates, Proteins analysis
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Studies on nucleic acids of living fossils. II. Transfer RNA from the brachiopod lingula.
- Author
-
Shimizu N and Miura KI
- Subjects
- Adenine Nucleotides analysis, Animals, Base Sequence, Carbon Isotopes, Centrifugation, Density Gradient, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, Paper, Cytosine Nucleotides analysis, Escherichia coli, Guanine Nucleotides analysis, Kinetics, Ligases, Nucleotides analysis, Nucleotides isolation & purification, Paleontology, Phosphorus analysis, Polynucleotides analysis, RNA, Bacterial, Ribonucleases, Saccharomyces analysis, Saccharomyces enzymology, Serine, Species Specificity, Tritium, Ultracentrifugation, Invertebrates, RNA, Transfer analysis
- Published
- 1971
43. Patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a long-term watershed-scale study to address the effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four US receiving streams
- Author
-
Timothy J Hall, Camille A. Flinders, Renee L. Ragsdale, and G. Wayne Minshall
- Subjects
Paper ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Industrial Waste ,Bray–Curtis dissimilarity ,STREAMS ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Mesocosm ,Rivers ,medicine ,Water Movements ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,General Environmental Science ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Community structure ,Paper mill ,General Medicine ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,United States ,Environmental science ,Spatial variability ,Water quality ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Changes in macroinvertebrate communities exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME) have been seen in mesocosm and short-term field studies. However, long-term patterns of macroinvertebrates in PPME receiving streams have not been examined. We conducted a study of 4 PPME receiving streams (Codorus Creek, PA; the Leaf River, MS; and the McKenzie and Willamette rivers, OR) over 9 y to assess temporal patterns in macroinvertebrate community structure and metrics related to PPME discharge. Study streams represented different ecoregions, warm-/cold-water systems, gradients of PPME concentration (1%-33%), and mill process types. Bray-Curtis similarity and nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed significant community differences across sites in Codorus Creek, but differences were related to stream temperature patterns and not PPME. In the other study streams, seasonal community differences across years were greater than differences across sites. General linear models were used to examine spatial and temporal variation in macroinvertebrate metric response (% dominant taxa, density, richness, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index [HBI], Simpson's Index, and ash-free dry mass). Mean HBI scores indicated that the macroinvertebrate community reflected fair to very good water quality conditions, with water quality typically classified as "good" at most sites. Significant site differences in macroinvertebrate metric response were uncommon in the Leaf, McKenzie, and Willamette rivers but were seen in all metrics in Codorus Creek, where metric response was spatially variable. In the McKenzie River, there was an increase in mean HBI scores at sites downstream of the mill relative to 1 of the 2 upstream sites. However, significant differences were seen only between 1 upstream and downstream site, and HBI scores at all downstream sites consistently reflected "good" water quality. Significant annual differences in metric response were typical in all rivers. Water quality (pH, conductivity, total nitrogen) and habitat (velocity, depth, substrate composition) variables explained community structure patterns in the Leaf and McKenzie rivers, but macroinvertebrate-environment relationships were weak in the other 2 streams. The results of this study indicate that macroinvertebrate community structure is temporally variable and reiterate the importance of long-term studies for accurate determination of the effects of point sources such as PPME on receiving systems.
- Published
- 2008
44. Antioxidant and Anticancer Roles of a Novel Strain of Bacillus anthracis Isolated from Vermicompost Prepared from Paper Mill Sludge.
- Author
-
Ganguly, Ram Kumar, Midya, Sujoy, and Chakraborty, Susanta Kumar
- Subjects
- *
ANTIOXIDANT analysis , *ACETIC acid , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *APOPTOSIS , *BACILLUS (Bacteria) , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BREAST tumors , *CELL lines , *CELL surface antigens , *CULTURES (Biology) , *DNA , *HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *IMMUNODIAGNOSIS , *INVERTEBRATES , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *MEDICAL research , *PROTEIN kinases , *SEWAGE , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *TRANSFERASES , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *MANUFACTURING industries , *FREE radical scavengers ,TUMOR prevention - Abstract
Mass production of vermicompost using suitable species of earthworms and selecting target organic waste materials has appeared to be a great development in the realm of biotechnological research for the sustainable eco-management. Although, for the bioconversion of organic wastes to vermicompost, suitable earthworm species play major roles, a hoard of bacterial assemblages by virtue of production of different enzymes facilitate the process of vermicomposting. The present study has documented the roles of vermicompost associated bacteria in combating, preventing, and controlling of cancer so as to open a new vista not only in the field of vermitechnology but also on biomedical research. Earthworms’ associated bacterial metabolic products having their unique physicochemical excellence have gained importance due to their roles as a facilitator of apoptosis (programed cell death in a MCF-7 cell line). The antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extracts’ of vermicompost associated bacterium Bacillus anthracis were undertaken by antioxidant assay which revealed maximum DPPH radical scavenging effect (75.79 ± 5.41%) of the extracts’ at 9 00 μg ml-1. Furthermore, the crude extracts obtained from the same bacteria were found to decrease the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) with the increase in doses. MTT assay showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with the IC50 value of 46.64 ± 0.79 μg ml-1. It was further confirmed through Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclear fragmentation assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting test has confirmed a downregulation of Akt upon application of crude extracts. Increase of SOD activity along with decrease of Akt level reflects that the mode of action is entirely PI-3K dependent. This study tends to indicate that B. anthracis isolated from vermicompost could be potentially explored for the development of new therapeutic agents, especially against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A comparison of the sensitivity of stream benthic community indices to effects associated with mines, pulp and paper mills, and urbanization
- Author
-
Keith M. Somers, David R. Barton, and Bruce W. Kilgour
- Subjects
Paper ,Quality Control ,Multivariate statistics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population Dynamics ,Industrial Waste ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Correspondence analysis ,Mining ,Reference Values ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Water Pollutants ,Biotic index ,Ecology ,Replicate ,Models, Theoretical ,Invertebrates ,Benthic zone ,Multivariate Analysis ,Environmental science ,Species evenness ,Ordination ,Water quality ,Physical geography ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
This study examined the relative sensitivities of seven commonly used indices of stream benthic community composition and three multivariate indices to effects associated with mines, pulp and paper mills, and urbanization. The indices included total abundance, number of taxa, diversity (H'), evenness, Hilsenhoff's biotic index (HBI), the BioMAP water quality index (WQI), the percent model affinity (PMA), and the first three ordination axes from a correspondence analysis. The second objective of the study was to determine the degree of redundancy among these indices. Six data sets (two from each of the three types of development) were used to address the objectives. In each data set, replicate benthic samples were collected from reference areas as well as one or more downstream areas exposed to a point-source or non-point-source discharge. The PMA approach and the ordination axes indicated significant differences between the reference and downstream communities for all six data sets (p0.05). With the exception of H', each of the other metrics revealed significant effects associated with one or two, but not all three, types of development. For example, the HBI and WQI indicated significant effects associated with pulp and paper mills and urbanization, but not mining. In all studies, effect sizes (i.e., the standardized difference between means for the reference and exposed areas expressed in units of standard deviations [SDs]) exceeded 2 SDs. However, effect sizes for the PMA and the first or second ordination axis scores were generally larger than effect sizes for the other metrics, indicating that these indices were often the most sensitive indicators of development. In addition, a high degree of redundancy was found among the various metrics, perhaps because the effects were large (i.e.,2 SDs). The greater sensitivity of the ordination axes and the PMA approach emphasizes their value as indices of benthic community composition. As a result, we recommend that any suite of indices used for assessing benthic communities should include these types of multivariate metrics.
- Published
- 2004
46. Assessment of shoreline restoration using macroinvertebrates in a Great Lakes Area of Concern.
- Author
-
Orzechowski RM and Steinman AD
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Rivers, Water Quality, Invertebrates, Lakes
- Abstract
Macroinvertebrate community assemblages were examined in three areas of the littoral zone of an impacted, drowned river mouth lake in west Michigan, USA. Muskegon Lake has an extensive history of environmental abuse, resulting in its listing as a Great Lakes Area of Concern. A multi-organizational, shoreline restoration initiative was started in 2009 and completed in 2012. Despite pre- and post-restoration monitoring of water quality, fish assemblages, and macrophytes, no studies had examined the shifts in the littoral zone macroinvertebrate community. Using Hester-Dendy samplers, we collected macroinvertebrates monthly in submergent, emergent, and open macrophyte zones, at two restored sites and one reference site from August 2018 to October 2019. No pre-restoration samples were collected at these sites but we could examine the changes in restored vs. reference sites. In total, 22,931 individuals were observed, with Gammarus spp., Echinogammarus spp., Chironominae, and Dreissena polymorpha being among the most abundant taxa. NMDS results revealed overlap among macroinvertebrate communities between the two restored sites and separation from the reference site, with some overlapping seasonal differences and communities influenced by macrophyte habitat type. Principal components analysis revealed that the environmental factors were strongly influenced by seasonal changes and drove habitat-level differences, rather than spatial variations among sites. Our results indicate that although the macroinvertebrate community composition at the restored sites differed from that at the reference site, the macroinvertebrate assemblage at each site was dominated by tolerant generalist species. Pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa may have been reduced or eliminated in the lake due to decades of environmental abuse. Periodic monitoring is recommended to determine if these sensitive taxa return, as Muskegon Lake conditions continue to improve., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Survival of walleye eggs and fry on paper fiber sludge deposits in Rainy River, Minnesota
- Author
-
Smith, Jr, L
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Tracking changes in the susceptibility of forest land infested with gypsy moth. Forest Service research paper (Final)
- Author
-
Drake, D
- Published
- 1994
49. Incidence and effects of endemic populations of forest pests in young mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada. Forest Service research paper (Final)
- Author
-
Ferrell, G
- Published
- 1992
50. Soil invertebrates are concentrated on roots
- Author
-
Lussenhop, J., Fogel, R., Keister, Donald L., editor, and Cregan, Perry B., editor
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.