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Clinical Relevance: Seasonal variations are known to occur in a range of ocular parameters and in conditions including refractive error and glaucoma. It is of clinical importance to know if seasonal changes also occur in anterior segment angle parameters, given that they can influence these conditions., Background: The study aimed to examine the seasonal variations in anterior segment angle parameters in healthy young adults., Methods: Twenty-three emmetropic participants with a mean age of 26.17 ± 4.43 years and 22 myopic participants with a mean age of 27.27 ± 4.47 years completed four seasons of data collection. Anterior segment angle parameters were measured using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and objective refraction were also measured. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of season and refractive error on the various ocular parameters., Results: A significant main effect of season was found for the majority of anterior segment angle parameters, including the angle opening distance at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral spur ( p  = 0.02, p  = 0.006, respectively), angle recess area at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral spur (both p  = 0.002), and trabecular iris space area at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral ( p  = 0.02, p  = 0.008, respectively). However, measures of anterior chamber depth and trabecular iris angle did not exhibit statistically significant seasonal variations (all p  > 0.05). A significant main effect of season was also found for the changes in IOP ( p  = 0.004) and objective refraction ( p  < 0.001). There was no season by refractive group interaction for any anterior segment angle parameter or IOP (all p  > 0.05)., Conclusion: There is a small but significant seasonal changes in the anterior segment angle parameters, refractive error, and IOP in healthy young adult males, in which the anterior segment angle dimensions are narrower, the IOP is higher, and the refraction is more myopic during winter.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic pressure-lowering medications on intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes after intravitreal injections (IVIs) METHODS: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 74 eyes that were candidates for intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection (IVI) (0.05 mL, 1.25 mg of bevacizumab) were enrolled and sorted randomly into five groups, group 1: topical timolol 0.5% (n = 16); group 2: topical brimonidin (n = 15); group 3: oral acetazolamide 250 mg (n = 14); group 4: intravenous mannitol (1.5 gr/kg) (n = 16); group 5: no intraocular pressure-lowering medication (n = 13). Medications were administered 30-60 min prior to injection. None of the patients had history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure was measured before (baseline), 5 min after (T5), 10 min after (T10), 15 min after (T15) and 30 min after (T30) IVI using Goldmann Tonometer., Results: There was a statistically significant, but relatively weak negative correlation between the amount of vitreous reflux post-IVI intraocular pressure elevation (Spearman's rho = -0.315, p = 0.006). There was no difference of the amount of vitreous reflux (P = 0.196) between study groups. The baseline mean IOP for Groups 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 were 11.19 ± 3.7, 10.07 ± 2.19, 11 ± 2.98, 10.13 ± 3.48 and12.54 ± 2.60 mmHg, respectively. (P = 0.214) There was no difference of peak IOP spike between groups at T5: 37 ± 19.7, 34.80 ± 15.76, 33.43 ± 18.29, 33.56 ± 16.88, 34.92 ± 9.99 mmHg (P = 0.977). There was also no difference of IOP at T10, T15 and T30 between study groups: P = 0.979, P = 0.994 and P = 0.692, respectively., Conclusion: Although it is advisable to prevent IOP spikes, our study showed that use of prophylactic pressure-lowering medications with every mechanism of action has no effect in IOP spikes following intravitreal bevacizumab injections in non-glaucomatous eyes. Trial registrationThe study was registered with clinicaltrails.gov (ID# NCT02140450). Trial registration date: 05.09.2014.

Background: The aim was to evaluate the effect of the tilted optic disc on the visual field in highly myopic eyes.Methods: A total of 58 eyes from 58 highly myopic individuals underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and were categorised into two groups according to the presence of a tilted optic disc. The visual field of 20 eyes (mean age of 28.95 ± 7.22 years) with tilted optic discs were compared with 38 eyes (mean age of 27.87 ± 6.08 years) of control subjects without tilted optic discs using the 30-2 SITA standard protocol with a Humphrey Field Analyzer - HFA II-i. Optic disc tilt was assessed from retinal photographs exported to Adobe Photoshop software. Disc ovality was assessed using the ratio of minimum to maximum disc diameter. A ratio of up to 0.80 was considered a tilted optic disc.Results: Foveal threshold sensitivity showed no statistically significant difference between tilted and non-tilted groups (35.16 ± 2.71 dB versus 35.37 ± 2.35 dB, p = 0.76). The mean deviation was -3.29 ± 2.03 dB in the tilted group and -3.49 ± 2.56 dB in the non-tilted group (p = 0.77). Additionally, there were no significant differences in the average deviation between the two groups in four quadrants and four hemifields; however, the lowest average deviation was observed in the superotemporal quadrant in the tilted group (-4.54 ± 3.16 dB). In the non-tilted group, 29 per cent had no visual field defect, 24 per cent had an arcuate scotoma and 20 per cent had generalised depression. In the tilted group, 30 per cent had an arcuate scotoma, 30 per cent had generalised depression and 13 per cent had no visual field defect. Other visual field defects occurred at frequencies less than 15 per cent in both groups.Conclusions: The investigation of visual field patterns may be more appropriate than quantitative indices (for example, total mean deviation, foveal threshold sensitivity, average deviation) to assess the visual field in highly myopic patients with tilted optic discs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]