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Deep learning algorithms have a wide range of applications, including cancer diagnosis, face and speech recognition, object recognition, etc. It is critical to protect these models since any changes to them can result in serious losses in a variety of ways. This article proposes the consortium blockchain-enabled conventional neural network (CBCNN), a four-layered paradigm for detecting malicious vehicles. Layer-1 is a convolutional neural network-enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT) model for the vehicle; Layer-2 is a spatial pyramid polling layer for the vehicle; Layer-3 is a fully connected layer for the vehicle; and Layer-4 is a consortium blockchain for the vehicle. The first three layers accurately identify the vehicles, while the final layer prevents any malicious attempts. The primary goal of the four-layered paradigm is to successfully identify malicious vehicles and mitigate the potential risks they pose using multi-label classification. Furthermore, the proposed CBCNN approach is employed to ensure tamper-proof protection against a parameter manipulation attack. The consortium blockchain employs a proof-of-luck mechanism, allowing vehicles to save energy while delivering accurate information about the vehicle's nature to the "vehicle management system." C++ coding is employed to implement the approach, and the ns-3.34 platform is used for simulation. The ns3-ai module is specifically utilized to detect anomalies in the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). Finally, a comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed CBCNN approach and state-of-the-art methods. The results confirm that the proposed CBCNN approach outperforms competing methods in terms of malicious label detection, average accuracy, loss ratio, and cost reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, the use of computer networks is everywhere, and to access the home network we use the Internet. IoT networks are the new range of these networks in which we try to connect different home appliances and try to give commands from a remote place. Access to any device over an insecure network invites various types of attacks. User authentication can be performed using some password or biometric technique. However, when it comes to authenticating a device, it becomes challenging to maintain data security over a secure network such as the Internet. Many encryptions and decryption algorithms assert confidentiality, and hash code or message authentication code MAC is used for authentication. Traditional cryptographic security methods are expensive in terms of computational resources such as memory, processing capacity, and power consumption. They are incompatible with the Internet of Things devices that have limited resources. Although automatic Device-to-Device communication enables new potential applications, the limited resources of the networks' machines and devices impose various constraints. This paper proposes a home device authentication scheme when these are accessed from a remote place. An authentication device is used for the home network and controller device to control home appliances. Our scheme can prevent various attacks such as replay attacks, server spoofing, and man-in-the-middle attack. The proposed scheme maintains the confidentiality and authenticity of the user and devices in the network. At the same time, we check the system in a simulated environment, and the results show that the network's performance does not degrade much in terms of delay, throughput, and energy consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the emerging Internet of things (IoT) regime and of smart applications has given rise to many new wireless security vulnerabilities in consumer electronic environment networks, which compromises the integrity of the whole environment. Attacks often encompass the abuse of vulnerable wireless IoT consumer electronics devices, compromise information security, and leak sensitive and private data. This paper proposes a decentralized blockchain-enabled framework network infrastructure to improve wireless security and mitigate new wireless attacks on connected consumer electronics as a proof of concept. The system model of the proposed framework was verified mathematically and was then implemented and tested in case studies. The experimental results show that the proposed decentralized blockchain technology-featured air-cracking tool (BTFAT) provides a robust detection of vulnerabilities in the security of wireless-based IoT consumer electronics, i.e., 97% in terms of the effectiveness of packet chapters and 85% in terms of the maximum capture packet reliability, compared with the state of the art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) plays a significant role in obtaining virtualized data stored on cloud servers without additional waiting time. However, the limited battery power of mobile devices limits access to ample data. To address this problem, job scheduling algorithms based on completion time constraints are introduced to reduce energy consumption. The time complexity of scheduling algorithms increases for applications not based on completion time constraints. This paper proposes a hybrid energy-efficient (HEE) paradigm to support the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed HEE algorithm leverages the features from known pheromone termite (PT) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithms, supporting IoT-enabled users and devices. The integration of PT and CS helps determine the optimal path that leads to improved throughput and reduced energy consumption. The performance of the HEE algorithm is considerably higher than that of the PT and CS algorithms when the number of tasks increases. The proposed paradigm involves several modules (e.g., physical machine (PM) module, controller module, blockchain-enabled authentication module, and data mining-enabled mobile cloud user (MCU) authentication). The PM module helps to attain a higher energy efficiency, regardless of whether the cloud's level of utilization is at its maximum efficiency. The controller module schedules the PMs efficiently and thus effectively provides resources to MCUs. Securing the identity of MCUs is of paramount significance. Safeguarding the identity of the MCU, the blockchain-enabled authentication module is employed, which authenticates the MCU to control the malicious role of the adversary. Furthermore, the data-mining blockchain-enabled authentication module authenticates the insider and outsider MCUs based on the data contents. The legitimate MCUs are allowed, and illegitimate MCUs are restricted. The proposed HEE paradigm is tested on the CloudSim simulator. Finally, the performance of the HEE paradigm is compared with that of known algorithms in terms of energy, security, throughput, and latency. • Proposes a hybrid energy-efficient (HEE) paradigm to support the IoT. • Leverages the features from known pheromone termite (PT) and cuckoo search (CS). • The proposed algorithm has the support of a data oriented detection algorithm. • The Blockchain enabled detection module is incorporated to authenticate the MCU to control malicious adversaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a results of the large scale development of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing capabilities including networking, data storage, management, and analytics are brought very close to the edge of networks forming Fog computing and enhancing transferring and processing of tremendous amount of data. As the Internet becomes more deeply integrated into our business operations through IoT platform, the desire for reliable and efficient connections increases as well. Fog and Cloud security is a topical issue associated with every data storage, managing or processing paradigm. Attacks once occurred, have ineradicable and disastrous effects on the development of IoT, Fog, Cloud computing. Therefore, many security systems/models have been proposed and/or implemented for the sake of Fog security. Intrusion detection systems are one of the premier choices especially ones that designed using artificial intelligence. In our paper, we presented an artificially full-automated intrusion detection system for Fog security against cyber-attacks. The proposed model uses multi-layered of recurrent neural networks designed to be implemented for Fog computing security that is very close to the end-users and IoT devices. We demonstrated our proposed model using a balanced version of the challenging dataset: NSL-KDD. The performance of our model was measured using a variety of typical metrics, and we add two additional metrics: Mathew correlation and Cohen's Kappa coefficients for deeper insight. where the experimental results and simulations proved the stability and robustness of the proposed model in terms of a variety of performance metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]