Search

In recent years, network communication research became gradually popular along with the upsurge of new media. It has since turned into a new focus in the communication field. By studying network communication papers from 1995 to 2006, this paper makes a relatively objective quantitative analysis of present research and the latest explorations of network communication in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Vehicles(IoV) employs vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology to establish intricate interconnections among the Internet, the IoT network, and the Vehicle Networks (IVNs), forming a complex vehicle communication network. However, the vehicle communication network is very vulnerable to attacks. The implementation of an intrusion detection system (IDS) emerges as an essential requisite to ensure the security of in-vehicle/inter-vehicle communication in IoV. Within this context, the imbalanced nature of network traffic data and the diversity of network attacks stand as pivotal factors in IDS performance. On the one hand, network traffic data often heavily suffer from data imbalance, which impairs the detection performance. To address this issue, this paper employs a hybrid approach combining the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and RandomUnderSampler to achieve a balanced class distribution. On the other hand, the diversity of network attacks constitutes another significant factor contributing to poor intrusion detection model performance. Most current machine learning-based IDSs mainly perform binary classification, while poorly dealing with multiclass classification. This paper proposes an adaptive tree-based ensemble network as the intrusion detection engine for the IDS in IoV. This engine employs a deep-layer structure, wherein diverse ML models are stacked as layers and are interconnected in a cascading manner, which enables accurate and efficient multiclass classification, facilitating the precise identification of diverse network attacks. Moreover, a machine learning-based approach is used for feature selection to reduce feature dimensionality, substantially alleviating the computational overhead. Finally, we evaluate the proposed IDS performance on various cyber-attacks from the in-vehicle and external networks in IoV by using the network intrusion detection dataset CICIDS2017 and the vehicle security dataset Car-Hacking. The experimental results demonstrate remarkable performance, with an F1-score of 0.965 on the CICIDS2017 dataset and an F1-score of 0.9999 on the Car-Hacking dataset. These scores demonstrate that our IDS can achieve efficient and precise multiclass classification. This research provides a valuable reference for ensuring the cybersecurity of IoV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network where physical objects with unique addresses can connect and communicate with each other through the Internet and telecommunications networks. However, the current methods of user authentication in this environment have limitations due to the need for a lightweight authentication process and limited resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a mutual authentication protocol for IoT that uses blockchain technology. The proposed protocol has a lightweight and secure architecture by using of Elliptic-Curve Cryptography and incorporates the AVISPA tool and BAN logic for formal/informal security analysis. Compared to previous protocols, this proposed protocol is more efficient in terms of communication and computation costs and is more resistant to various attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is so precious for human being as well as for the complete nature without which it will not be possible to survive. Even though lot many efforts have been taken by government through various schemes and it is becoming difficult day by day to save water for future and make efficient utilization of it. Here the focus is on water utilization in big apartments and save water with proper distribution and monitoring system. The intension of this work is water management, monitoring and proper distribution of water to save water and make efficient use of it, so that one can satisfy the trust of others. The system has been designed in such a way that it will monitor the available water level continuously. System has been implemented by using embedded system and communication will takes through IoT. This paper presents an IOT device which help to manage and plan the usage of water. This system can be easily installed in residential societies. Sensors placed in the tank which continuously informs the water level at the current time. This information will be updated on the cloud and using an android application, user can visualize the water level on a Smartphone anywhere that is connected to Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential growth of IoT devices and their need to use IPv6 addresses has the potential to create load stress on the existing DNS infrastructure and it is imperative that DNS servers to be deployed on IPv6 networks. The DNS query latency from a particular Internet vantage point for IPv4 and IPv6 network cannot be compared directly due to variations in the number of hops of query on IPv4 and IPv6 communication networks. Moreover, there is no assurance that DNS server in the hierarchy is hosted on a dual-stack. This work brings out the DNS query resolution latency over the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks with better accuracy. The experiments are carried out by setting up a complete DNS hierarchy (ROOT, TLD, STLD, TTLD and recursive resolver) on dual IP stack (IPv4 and IPv6), enabling both forward and reverse lookup tree on a live testbed, ensuring a constant number of hops between the recursive resolver and each of the DNS servers in the hierarchy. This live testbed is a first of its kind and is made available for Internet researchers. The operational issues encountered during this deployment and service provisioning are discussed and documented in this paper. This paper also gives a clear illustration and provides reference guidelines for the DNS hierarchy setup, and also aims to bridge the knowledge gap required for deploying DNS over IPv6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart grid includes wide-area applications in which inter-substation communication is required to realize innovative monitoring, protection, and control solutions. Internet-based data exchange, i.e., communication over Internet Protocol (IP), is regarded as the latest trend for inter-substation communication. Interoperability can be achieved via the use of standardized IEC 61850-90-5 messages communicating over IP. Wide-area applications can obtain benefits from IP-multicast technologies and use a one-to-many communication model among substations communicating across a communication network. Cellular Internet is being considered as a potential cost-efficient solution which can be used for the IP-multicast communication. However, it requires knowledge of communicating uncommon IP-multicast traffic over the Internet. Moreover, it presents challenges in terms of cybersecurity and real-time requirements. These challenges must be overcome to realize authentic and correct operation of the wide-area applications. There is thus a need to examine communication security and to evaluate if the communication network characteristics satisfy the application real-time requirement. This paper investigates the secure communication of IEC61850-90-5 multicast messages over the public communication network and proposes two network architectures using the Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel and multipoint GRE (mGRE) within Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN). Additionally, this paper evaluates the feasibility of cellular (5G and 4G) Internet for the communication of multicast Routable Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (R-GOOSE) messages in wide-area protection applications. For this purpose, we introduce a lab setup to experiment the transmission of R-GOOSE messages within the proposed network architectures. The lab setup contains both software and hardware components. A software application is developed to publish multicast R-GOOSE with a fresh timestamp acquired from time synchronization equipment. These messages are transmitted over the Internet by computer networking devices that support cellular communication. The communication latency of the transmitted messages is measured and analyzed statistically. The statistical analysis results are discussed to evaluate performance of R-GOOSE over cellular Internet for two communication-based protection applications: Logic Selectivity and Loss-of-Main protection schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of global automotive industry intelligence and networking, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) service, as a key communication technology, has been faced with an increasing spectrum of resources shortage. In this paper, we consider a spectrum utilization problem, in which a number of co-existing cellular users (CUs) and prioritized device-to-device (D2D) users are equipped in a single antenna vehicle-mounted communication network. To ensure a business-aware spectrum access mechanism with delay granted in a complex dynamic environment, we consider optimizing a metric that maintains a trade off between maximizing the total capacity of vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) links and minimizing the interference of high priority links. A low complexity priority-based spectrum allocation scheme based on the deep reinforcement learning method is developed to solve the proposed formulation. We trained our algorithm using the deep Q-learning network (DQN) over a set of public bandwidths. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can allocate spectrum resources quickly and effectively in a high dynamic vehicle network environment. Concerning improved channel transmission rate, the V2V link rate in this scheme is 2.54 times that of the traditional random spectrum allocation scheme, and the V2I link rate is 13.5% higher than that of the traditional random spectrum allocation scheme. The average total interference received by priority links decreased by 14.2 dB compared to common links, realized service priority distinction and has good robustness to communication noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) revolutionizes vehicle communication in dynamic networks. Message dissemination in IoV involves sharing critical information for the safety and convenience of the IoV network. It is very crucial to secure message dissemination due to potential cyber‐attacks, traffic disruptions, and privacy breaches. Data integrity, authentication, and privacy are vital to maintaining trust and safety in the IoV network. This network consists of resource‐constrained IoV devices with limited resources due to the availability of embedded components in vehicular systems. Therefore, optimizing algorithms and protocols is crucial for efficient vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication, enhancing safety and transportation efficiency. Solutions often include lightweight protocols and secure message exchange. This paper proposes a machine learning (ML) based secure and lightweight message dissemination framework for resource‐constrained IoV. First, we present an ML‐based threat classification model capable of effectively categorizing adversarial and nonadversarial data streams and delivering an optimized model with superior accuracy. Furthermore, we also propose a secure message dissemination scheme using lightweight cryptographic primitives, which significantly reduces computational, communication, and energy overhead. To validate the robustness of our proposed ML‐based secure and lightweight message dissemination framework, we evaluate it using various security parameters and performance measures such as computation cost, communication cost, energy cost, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score. Our contributions promise to significantly enhance the security and efficiency of message dissemination in IoV environments and advance lightweight, secure, and reliable transportation systems for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a significant part of the Internet of Things. However, vehicles in IoV network are characterized by their high mobility, which makes it challenging to maintain stable communication stability and high quality of service. A clustering protocol provides an efficient solution to ensure high quality of service for vehicles and increase the network's communication lifetime by grouping vehicles into clusters to reduce network overhead and ensure load balancing between resources. However, existing clustering models have several issues that impact network performance, such as choosing ineffective metrics to select routes between cluster heads and between cluster members. Additionally, most clustering communication techniques fail to adapt to the unique characteristics of IoVs. Therefore, the effectiveness of clustering communication algorithms has a significant impact on the communication's lifetime. In this paper, we propose a Routing Protocol based Quality of Service and Links Stability (RPQLS) that aims to ensure route stability according to two levels. In the first one, the best routes are discovered by using metrics such as signal strength, bandwidth, delay and node velocity. In the second level, an approach for estimating links lifetime has been used. The latter is based on speed and direction parameters in order to find the most durable route. To this end, the Fuzzy Logic method has been used to reach our objective. The performance evaluation of RPQLS has been carried out through the NS-3 simulator and compared with GICA, QoS Cluster and weight-based protocols. RPQLS improves the PDR by 20%, delay by 41% and network overhead by 41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on the geography of cyberspace has focused heavily on the economically developed countries in the mid-latitude regions of the world. This paper addresses the spatiality of the Internet among countries located in the tropics. It charts the network of optical fibre lines that make access possible and the critical role played by telecommunications deregulation. It also accounts for the rapidly changing pools and explosive growth of Internet users between 2000 and 2005 in relation to the socioeconomic variables closely associated with access: costs, wealth, literacy and telephone penetration rates. Finally, the paper also looks at government censorship in various regional contexts and summarizes the status of e-commerce and e-government in different regions within the tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clock synchronization is one of the most fundamental and crucial network communication strategies. With the expansion of the Industrial Internet in numerous industrial applications, a new requirement for the precision, security, complexity, and other features of the clock synchronization mechanism has emerged in various industrial situations. This paper presents a study of standardized clock synchronization protocols and techniques for various types of networks, and a discussion of how these protocols and techniques might be classified. Following that is a description of how certain clock synchronization protocols and technologies, such as PROFINET, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and other well-known industrial networking protocols, can be applied in a number of industrial situations. This study also investigates the possible future development of clock synchronization techniques and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents recent developments with an emphasis on communication technologies, problems with networks, and localization techniques on the Internet of Underground Things (IoUT). Presently, Underground (sensors), communications and network protocols are enabled to allow IoUT validation in an effective way. A new IoUT model is designed to detect and incorporate communications between various industries, such as oil and gas, forestry, earthquake mapping, and the underground boundary protection. Such applications require data collection from the underground resources deployed. While, the challenging underground climate, including sand, rock and water drainages, does not allow a single system of communication. Hence, a new advanced distance‐based approach and Channel Modeling have been developed for performance analysis and the ideal selection of the drilling telemetry system has been potentially analyzed for the development of an extended reservoir region. The predictive value of research is to build a structured and user‐friendly framework for assessing telecommunications efficiency and supporting the decision optimization process. The proposed system has been validated and used for an adequate range of telemetry techniques in under‐balanced drilling operations on a developed reservoir. Expert evaluations show the results and needs of telemetry systems achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The audio-visual sector is undergoing a major transformation due to the emergence of heterogeneous connected devices, including Smart TVs. This reinvention is changing the consumption habits of users, enabling new experiences in which traditional broadcasting and Internet media services are blended. Hybrid broadcast-Internet services build upon on the foundation of standards, such as hybrid broadcast broadband TV. In this context, this paper provides details on a large pilot deployment for a multi-device hybrid broadcast-Internet service for a live TV programme. It defines and describes the development and deployment of an innovative live service that Euskal Irrati Telebista, the Basque public broadcaster, provided to cover the election night in the Basque Country, Spain. This paper provides results by showing usage statistics of end-users, and presents a discussion with lessons learned about the current hybrid broadcast-Internet ecosystem and multi-device live services. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Tactile internet applications allow robotic devices to be remotely controlled over a communication medium with an unnoticeable time delay. In bilateral communication, the acceptable round trip latency is usually 1 ms up to 10 ms, depending on the application requirements. The communication network is estimated to generate 70% of the total latency, and master and slave devices produce the remaining 30%. Thus, this paper proposes a strategy to reduce 30% of the total latency produced by such devices. The strategy is to use FPGAs to minimize the execution time of device-associated algorithms. With this in mind, this work presents a new hardware reference model for modules that implement nonlinear positioning and force calculations and a tactile system formed by two robotic manipulators. In addition to presenting the implementation details, simulations and experimental tests are performed in order to validate the hardware proposed model. Results associated with the FPGA sampling rate, throughput, latency, and post-synthesis occupancy area are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of digital signature technology to the Internet of vehicles (IoV) is affected by its network and communication environment. In the 5G era, the influx of a large number of intelligent devices into the mobile Internet requires a low transmission delay and power consumption as well as high-security requirements. To the best of our knowledge, a well-designed solution in which signcryption technology is used has not been proposed in the IoV research area. Motivated by the fact, a certificateless signcryption scheme based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, in which pseudonym and timestamp mechanism are also considered, has been designed in this paper. We prove that the scheme proposed by us can be reduced to solving the difficulty of the computational Diffie–Hellman problem with a standard model, showing that the scheme meets requirements on both security and efficiency, which provides a comparative analysis with the state-of-the-art schemes in terms of security analysis, computational cost, and communication cost, demonstrating that the scheme proposed by us is suitable to be deployed in the IoV environment, which is of the characteristics of high-speed vehicle movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing mobile traffic calls for efficient mobility support at a global scale. Supporting "seamless" communication with network entities whose network location constantly changes, i.e., the mobility support problem, is extremely challenging for IP networking due to its host-centric communication model. Information-centric networking (ICN), as exemplified by the Named Data Networking (NDN) network architecture, offers new opportunities for mobility support. We identify a common design space for providing IP and NDN mobility support where solutions track the changing network locations of mobile network endpoints, and find that available design choices have been exhausted in this design space, leaving no room for substantial performance improvement. Recognizing this limitation, this paper proposes two novel knowledge-driven mobility support approaches to comprehensively improve mobility support performance. Such approaches exploit knowledge such as network topology and movement trajectory to tweak the network for better mobility support performance. A cross-architectural quantitative evaluation framework covering two communication scenarios and 5 quantifiable metrics is proposed to evaluate mobility support performance. Experiment results show that the knowledge-driven approaches significantly improve mobility support performance, demonstrating the potential of the knowledge-driven vision for providing better mobility support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many features of 5G are definitely important to the broadcasting service, including diverse content services such as follow-me TV, video-on-demand, but also gaming, Virtual reality (VR) and Augmented reality (AR) and many others. Meanwhile, those services depend more and more on the user’s position accuracy, especially in indoor environment. With the increase of broadcasting data traffic indoors, to obtain a highly accurate position is becoming a challenge because of the impact of radio interference. In order to support a high-quality indoor broadcasting service, a high-accuracy positioning, radiation-free, and high-capacity communication system is urgently needed. In this paper, a 5G indoor positioning system is proposed for museums. It utilizes unlicensed visible light of the electromagnetic spectrum to provide museum visitors with high-accuracy positioning, multiple forms of interaction services, and high-resolution multimedia delivery on a mobile device. The geographic data and the location-related data integrated into the 5G New Radio (NR) waveform are detailed. A general-purpose system architecture is provided and some basic techniques to enhance system performance are also investigated. A preliminary demonstration is built in the laboratory environment. It supports over 45.25 Mbps data rate and a mean positioning error of 0.18 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the challenges associated with controlling the Internet of connected vehicle (IOCV) system and mitigating the limited network communication bandwidth under the threat of denial-of-service (DoS) and deception attacks are addressed. To tackle these challenges, we present a centralized third-order model that better aligns with the dynamics of vehicles and design a resilient adaptive event-triggered mechanism (AETM) that incorporates countermeasures against cyber-attacks. Based on this mechanism, we propose a security controller to ensure the security state of the IOCV system. Utilizing the Lyapunov theory, we rigorously prove that the system is ultimately uniformly bounded and string stable. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated through numerical simulations, which demonstrate its effectiveness in addressing the issues under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the importance of biosensors on the Internet of the patient body that collect vital signs and transmit them to the coordinator, energy consumption and network lifetime are essential challenges in these networks. This paper, it has been tried to present a method based on adapting sampling rate through patient's risk and discovered pattern by employing an intelligence method based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, interpolation function, and a biosensor patron. It causes restricting sensed and transmitted data to the coordinator. In the proposed schema, three methods containing Grid partitioning, Subtractive Clustering and fuzzy c-means have been used in two modes, including hybrid and error backpropagation, to predict the individual's behavioral pattern and determine the patient's risk, attentively. The simulation results in MATLAB R2018b show that the proposed method reduces the network communications. It has improved energy consumption by up to three times and also reduced traffic by more than 80% compared to similar methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that can communicate and cooperate over the Internet. As the IoT expands, guaranteeing the dependability and accuracy of communication systems becomes increasingly important. One of the key challenges faced in the process of system development is the need to detection the errors in the early phases of system development. Formal techniques are the gold standard for ensuring a system’s correctness. In the context of the IoT, this paper presents an Event-B formal model for the verification of the correctness of Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems (CBPS). We developed our model using Event-B, which is an incrementally formal technique with a plugin-supported platform. Furthermore, it supports both theorem proving and model checking. The incremental method uses a series of refining processes to help manage complexity. The paper offers a thorough exposition of the CBPS architecture, with an emphasis on decentralised design, reliable message delivery, and message ordering. This formalised method ensures that the CBPS system satisfies its criteria and free of errors. As a case study for our concept, we employ a smart home system. Finally, we validate and verify the formal model using proof obligations and the Rodin platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The standardisation of 5G is reaching its end, and the networks have started being deployed. Thus, 6G architecture is under study and design, to define the characteristics and the guidelines for its standardisation. In parallel, communications based on quantum-mechanical principles, named quantum communications, are under design and standardisation, leading to the so-called quantum internet. Nevertheless, these research and standardisation efforts are proceeding in parallel, without any significant interaction. Thus, it is essential to discuss an architecture and the possible protocol stack for classical-quantum communication networks, allowing for an effective integration between quantum and classical networks. The main scope of this paper is to provide a joint architecture for quantum-classical communication networks, considering the very recent advancements in the architectural design of 6G and the quantum internet, also defining guidelines and characteristics, which can be helpful for the ongoing standardisation efforts. For this purpose, the article discusses some of the existing main standardisation processes in classical communications and proposed protocol stacks for quantum communications. This aims at highlighting the potential points of connection and the differences that may imply future incompatible developments. The standardisation efforts on the quantum internet cannot overlook the experience gained and the existing standardisation, allowing the creation of frameworks in the classical communication context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet is the product of the rapid popularization of high technology. With the higher and higher configuration of computers, the functions are more and more complete, and the scope of coverage is more and more wide. With the continuous development and improvement of the Internet, computer network technology has been widely used in sports. Based on the background of "Internet +", this paper builds the framework of Internet sports public service platform and uses websites, mobile apps, WeChat, and other platforms to build sports public service platform. Communication system is the most critical path of Internet construction. Based on the application path of sports public service communication system, the basic content of sports public service system is analysed. Through the research on the practicability of constructing the path, the results show that the Internet channels and media terminals passively receive the content released by the information subject so that the information can achieve the node transmission with high sharing and provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the informatization development of sports public service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactive function of the Internet is the basis of all data transmission. The functions of Internet products are becoming more and more complex, and the amount of information they carry also increases dramatically. People and products mainly interact with products through the product interface, and the operation of the interface becomes more and more complex and more important. With the help of the interactive function of the Internet, various "Internet +" businesses are carried out in an orderly manner. The realization of Internet functions also requires user-centric interactive design. This puts higher demands on the fun of Internet interaction. This article aims to study the interaction of interesting design resources on the Internet, so as to make the Internet interaction more interesting. This article proposes to add interesting elements to the interactive functions of the Internet on the basis of the network communication system and stimulate the user's feelings from many aspects such as actions, pictures, sounds, and colors, so as to make the users feel psychologically happy and trigger. The experimental results in this paper show that fun interaction design can enhance user experience by 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and companies of the telecommunication sector have been working hard to enhance wireless network infrastructure to fulfill end users' needs for Internet connectivity. However, it is not easy to satisfy the high demands and expectations of end users always. There are some situations where Internet connectivity is not enabled due to location and environmental constraints. For example, network infrastructure breakdown during a disaster or the user's device is out of a network coverage area. Besides relying only on network infrastructure provided by telecommunication companies, one possible strategy to provide Internet connectivity in the ubiquitous environment is to exploit the functionality of end-user mobile devices as a tool to share Internet connectivity. This paper aims to identify the constraints and challenges of setting up Wireless Collaborative Network (WCN) using end user devices. To identify the constraints and challenges, the researchers reviewed and categorized past and current research focusing on collaborating mobile devices in the mobile ad-hoc network for communication and resource sharing. For validation, a simple test case was conducted which involved a few mobile devices in a random formation. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the biggest challenge of setting up WCN was the ability of mobile devices to provide bridging functionality. This paper also discussed the expected architecture of WCN and suggests simulation tools with relevant metrics to be considered in this research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Information Technologies & Communications / Revista de Tecnologías de la Información & Comunicaciones is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Worldwide demand for Personal Internet Products is increasing rapidly, and will shape the directions of CMOS technology in the years ahead. Personal Internet Products are loosely defined in this paper as communication, computing and consumer products, which are enabled by the Internet: cell phones, PDAs, WLANs, Internet audio/video, ADSL, Cable modems etc. Personal Internet Products are based on Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and analog functionality. And they are made accessible to billions of people around the globe by intense focus on cost through SOC integration. In the Internet Age, Moore's Law will continue to be a technology imperative for the semiconductor industry. But SOC Integration will be an additional technology imperative that drives down the cost of Personal Internet Product to mass market levels. SOC integration for Personal Internet Products requires the integration of analog, power analog, RF and memory onto the digital baseband processor, which is fabricated in high density, high performance, low cost digital CMOS technology. This paper describes the challenges and some of the solutions to achieve this vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The Internet of Things (IoT) is the future technology, whose glimpses are already visible in various fields today. IoT promises a connection of about 50 billion devices in the near future to enhance data sharing and analysis between many otherwise independent modules. Smart sensors, smart antennas, and intelligent processors form the backbone of IoT technology. IoT is about remote detection and control of devices which is dependent on the efficient communication system provided. This paper studies the IoT technology, along with its supportive systems, giving an emphasis to the communication module, enabled using microstrip patch antennas. The study takes a walk through the different improvement techniques implemented in patch antennas as DGS, MIMO, and arrays and further pins down the research gaps and objectives that can be taken up in this field with respect to the effective implementation of IoT services. Recent advances in the antenna systems employed in IoT environment are discussed, and the antennas employed in IoT devices and applications are reviewed in detail. Recently evolving technologies like LoRa and NB‐IoT and the ESP8266 module which is widely used in IoT applications are addressed. A good insight is given into the challenges faced in this field along with some recent case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet-connected consumer electronics marketed as smart devices (also known as Internet-of-Things devices) usually lack essential security protection mechanisms. This puts user privacy and security in great danger. One of the essential steps to compromise vulnerable devices is locating them through horizontal port scans. In this paper, we focus on the problem of detecting horizontal port scans in home networks. We propose a software-defined networking (SDN)-based firewall platform that is capable of detecting horizontal port scans. Current SDN implementations (e.g., OpenFlow) do not provide access to packet-level information, which is essential for network security applications, due to performance limitations. Our platform uses FleXight, our proposed new information channel between SDN controller and data path elements to access packet-level information. FleXight uses per-flow sampling and dynamical sampling rate adjustments to provide the necessary information to the controller while keeping the overhead very low. We evaluate our solution on a large real-world packet trace from an ISP and show that our system can identify all attackers and 99% of susceptible victims with only 0.75% network overhead. We also present a detailed usability analysis of our system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To extend the network coverage to rural and remote areas, there are different solutions with their advantages and disadvantages. We propose to use a nanosatellite network and to exploit the ability to cope with large delays and disruptions provided by the delay- and disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) paradigm. The connection from remote areas is managed through ground stations called cold spots that collect data from rural nodes and address them to the nanosatellites. Nanosatellites carry and download data to hot spots that address them to the Internet destinations. On the reverse direction, Internet data are addressed to hot spots, uploaded on nanosatellites and delivered to the rural destinations through cold spots. The problem of choosing the “optimal’’ hot spot to address data from the Internet source is important because a wrong choice could lead to large delivery delays. In this paper, we propose “gRANteD’’: a Nanosatellite-DTN Network for rural and remote areas. gRANteD includes “HotSel,’’ a hot spot selection algorithm to minimize the delivery time of all data destined to rural users. The performance evaluation is carried out through a DTN module which implements gRANteD and HotSel, within the framework of Network Simulator 3. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) offers an emerging paradigm that deals with interconnected vehicles interacting with the infrastructure, roadside units (RSUs), sensors, and mobile devices with a goal to sense, compute, store, and transmit vital information or data over a common channel while vehicles are moving. Secure and reliable communication and efficient on-device performance are thus crucial challenges in this paradigm, particularly in presence of limited computation resources. This paper presents a novel secure and energy-efficient message communication system, called MComIoV, using a one-way hash function and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). We evaluate MComIoV through security proof and analysis against various attacks to verify its robustness. The proposed system is also implemented and tested on Raspberry Pi 3B+. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency in computation time, storage cost, communication overhead, and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Information-Centric Networking (ICN) provides a new data dissemination Internet paradigm to support the communication services that will meet the end-users' modern requirements. ICN focuses on transmitting data rather than physical locations. It offers a cache-able environment to fulfill future requirements and delivers communication services with less congestion and bandwidth in a network. The current Internet needs to enhance its architectural design for information distribution by reducing the end-to-end communication practices. ICN-based architecture aims to fulfill the end-users' requirements and provide a better communication system compared to the current Internet system. ICN implements in-network caching (storage) to facilitate unicast and multicast mechanisms at the same time to deploy efficient and appropriate transmission of the desired information. In this situation, temporary storage is deployed all over the network to serve the requested objects (contents). In the last few years, ICN has shown up as engineering to replace the Internet design. In this paper, a comprehensive study about ICN-based caching mechanisms to enhance the IP-based Internet technologies is presented and analyzes the possible benefits using caching with the Internet of Things, Blockchain, Software Defined Network, 5G, genomic data sets, fog, and edge computing. In the end, the ICN-based caching strategies are mentioned that provide a diverse solution to deal with IP-based Internet technologies in an efficient way to deliver fast data dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design, simulation, implementation and testing of an impulse-radio ultra-wideband bi-phase shift keying (IR-UWB BPSK) transmitter, working in the frequency range between 3.5 and 6.5 GHz. The transmitter has been optimized to achieve the maximum distance of transmission while working within the power limits specified by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In this transmitter, the IR-UWB signal is generated by differentiating a Gaussian signal and then amplifying the differentiated signal. This is accomplished using a current-reused power amplifier circuit as both the differentiator and amplifier. A theoretical analysis is performed to obtain the relationship between the output amplitude and the data rate of the transmitted signal. The simulations and experimental results of the IR-UWB BPSK transmitter, implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process, are then presented. The transmitter was found to function at data rates up to 250 Mb/s with a maximum peak amplitude of 0.5 V. The dc energy consumption of the transmitter is 86 pJ/pulse. The energy efficiency is 26.2% for the pulsewidth of 1 ns. The experimental results show that power spectral density of the transmitter agrees with the simulated results and is within the FCC limits. The total core area of the chip is 0.22 mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

TCP has been extensively credited for the stability of the Internet. However, as the product of bandwidth and latency increases, TCP becomes inefficient and prone to instability. The explicit control protocol (XCP) is a promising congestion control protocol that outperforms TCP in terms of efficiency, fairness, convergence speed, persistent queue length and packet loss rate. However, XCP is not globally stable in the presence of heterogeneous delays. When the ratio of maximum to average transmission latency is sufficiently large, XCP will become instability. In this paper, according to the robust control theory, with the help of a recently developed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, an improved version of XCP, named R-XCP, is proposed to solve the weakness of XCP under heterogeneous delays, which adjusts parameter $$\alpha $$ from an initial value of 0.4 to a reasonable value for improving system robustness. And then, the synthesis problem is reduced to a convex optimization scheme expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Extensive simulations have shown that R-XCP significantly decreases the volatilities of the aggregate traffic rate and control time interval, and indeed achieves this stability goal. Compared with previous work, R-XCP has a better balance between robustness and responsiveness, and the computational complexity declines significantly at the same time. Besides, R-XCP makes the system less sensitive to flows, which contribute little traffic but maliciously report their transmission delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet-based communication systems have become an increasing tool for spreading misinformation and propaganda. Even though there exist mechanisms that are able to track unwarranted information and messages, users made up different ways to avoid their scrutiny and detection. An example is represented by the mixed-code language, that is text written in an unconventional form by combining different languages, symbols, scripts and shapes. It aims to make more difficult the detection of specific content, due to its custom and ever changing appearance, by using special characters to substitute for alphabet letters. Indeed, such substitute combinations of symbols, which tries to resemble the shape of the intended alphabet's letter, makes it still intuitively readable to humans, however nonsensical to machines. In this context, the paper explores the possibility of identifying propaganda in such mixed-code texts over the Internet, centred on a machine learning based approach. In particular, an algorithm in combination with a deep learning models for character identification is proposed in order to detect and analyse whether an element contains propaganda related content. The overall approach is presented, the results gathered from its experimentation are discussed and the achieved performances are compared with the related works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The aim of this paper is to report on the International Telecommunication Union Telecom World Symposium and Trade Show held in Hong Kong in December 2006. Design/methodology/approach — The paper reports on some of the ideas presented at the symposium. Findings — The paper finds that attendees got a first-hand sense of Chinese ascendancy in in formation and communications technology (ICT) as well as the promise offered by ICT to bridge the digital divide. Originality/value — The paper shows the ideas on bridging the digital divide presented at ITU World Telecom 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current (Internet of Things) trend, the identification capability of RFID is integrated for the identification and applications of all objects, and this trend reveals the future demand for RFID wireless communication and localization. Therefore, this paper investigates the influences of RSSI and the distance to RFID and analyzes the common indoor localization algorithms, including range-based algorithms and range-free algorithms. However, there are too many interference factors in the indoor environment that easily lead to localization inaccuracy. To improve the RF-mapping technique in RFID that requires much time for initiation and lots of calculations, this paper proposes a GA-based (Genetic Algorithms, GA) localization algorithm to estimate the locations of unknown nodes and avoid the influence of environmental factors by pre-establishing the pattern. The designed scenarios and reference nodes in this paper are used to train our proposed algorithm and obtain the patents of the scenarios, which are adopted for RFID nodes to further compare and decrease errors. Therefore, as long as the algorithm is trained in advance with the scenarios and then include the patents in the new environment, the errors and the training time can be greatly reduced. Moreover, our proposed algorithm needs only little information about reference nodes to pre-establish the pattern . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporanea: Revista de Comunicação e Cultura is the property of Contemporanea: Revista de Comunicacao e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Probabilistic inference was shown effective in the nondeterministic diagnosis of end-to-end service failures when applied in a centralized management system where the manager possesses a global knowledge of the system structure and state. Since many networks are organized into multiple administrative domains that may be unable to share configuration and state information, these centralized techniques are not applicable to them. This paper proposes a fault localization technique suitable for multidomain networks with hierarchical routing. The proposed technique divides the computational effort and system knowledge among multiple, hierarchically organized managers. Each manager performs fault localization in the domain it manages and requires only the knowledge of its own domain. We show through simulation that the proposed approach not only improves the feasibility of fault localization in multidomain networks, but also increases the effectiveness of probabilistic diagnosis and makes it realizable in networks of considerable size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, content delivery services using the Internet have been noted as a new business. In this type of data delivery, we consider services providing multiple classes having different data waiting times based on priority control. The utility to all users is thought to change with the number of classes under priority control and the traffic load ratio per class. Therefore, in this paper, we quantify the relationship between the waiting time and user utility in data transfers with priority control by employing a utility measurement function, and study the traffic load ratio of each class when provided with priority classes and maximizing the utility for all users. Then we analyze the conditions for maximizing utility for each data transfer method and the user utility measurement function, and demonstrate the optimum network efficiency through numerical examples. The results clearly show that a method providing multiple classes rather than a single class and using priority control increases the utility for all users. With priority control, the maximum utility is not reached at 100% network efficiency, but the maximum utility results when a few lines are free. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(7): 49–61, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10225 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper quantitatively analyzes anonymous communication systems (ACS) with regard to anonymity properties. Various ACS have been designed & implemented. However, there are few formal & quantitative analyzes on how these systems perform. System developers argue the security goals which their systems can achieve. Such results are vague & not persuasive. This paper uses a probabilistic method to investigate the anonymity behavior of ACS. In particular, this paper studies the probability that the true identity of a sender can be discovered in an ACS, given that some nodes have been compromised. It is through this analysis that design guidelines can be identified for systems aimed at providing communication anonymity. For example, contrary to what one would intuitively expect, these analytic results show that the probability that the true identity of a sender can be discovered might not always decrease as the length of communication path increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the US portion of the global communications network known as the Internet. The stages in the Internet's evolution, telecommunications deregulation, and a rush by new competitors to new market opportunities associated with the Internet combined to prompt a flurry of investment in new fibre-optic networks. Frameworks to explain new networks built upon, and added to, existing telecommunications networks include network economies and the opportunity-rich paths located between the large markets on the east and west coasts of the country and a capital-driven set of new and old network suppliers. The paper then reviews the small but growing body of research on the geographic structure of the Internet. The empirical section of the paper focuses on analyses of the variation among urban areas both in bandwidth on interurban Internet backbone networks and in the number of web design firms in the USA. Bandwidth investment has been attracted not only to cities with larger populations but also to cities with 'knowledge economies', indicated by doctoral degree-granting institutions and economic dynamism. The paper concludes with remarks about future research priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, on the Internet, only best-effort service has been provided, in which communication quality (QoS) aspects such as throughput and delay are not guaranteed. There is an increasing demand, however, for real-time transfer of voice and video data, and reservation-based service is being considered in which the communication quality is guaranteed by reserving network resources. Reservation-based service, however, has problems such as the overhead of packet processing, as well as scalability. There is an ongoing basic discussion as to whether best-effort service is sufficient or reservation-based service is necessary. This paper defines the communication quality which is obtained when the user uses a network application as the utility for the user. The user utility for the real-time application is derived and comparatively evaluated for the two service models, that is, best-effort service and reservation-based service. The following results are obtained quantitatively. Best-effort service can provide sufficient utility if a sufficient channel capacity is available, for which, however, sufficient channels must be provided by adequate network design. If not, reservation-based service is necessary. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(1): 11–21, 2002 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the emergence of self-archiving practices in the 1990s as a form of academic labour that is intimately tied to the popularisation of the Internet. It argues that self-archiving is part of a sociotechnical imaginary of networked scholarly communication that has helped to shape understandings of digital scholarship and dissemination over the past three decades. Focussing on influential texts written by open access archivangelist Stevan Harnad in 1990 and 1994, the essay analyzes the language and discursive strategies used to promote self-archiving as form of collective scholarly exchange. Through these writings, Harnad helped to articulate scholars to the Internet as a medium of publication, with impacts still seen today in policy discussions around open access and the public good that shape relations of knowledge production under contemporary forms of capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]