Search

The paper analyzed Romania's agro-food export, import and trade balance with the EU-27 countries in the period 2013-2021 using the empirical evidence from National Institute of Statistics. Fixed basis and structural indices, as well as Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Gini-Struck Index (GSI) and the Coefficient of Concentration (CC) were used to characterize the concentration degree of the agri-food trade. In 2021, export value accounted for Euro 5,471.8 Million, import value for Euro 8,459.7 Million and the trade balance registered a deficit of Euro -2,987.9 Million. The figures reflect an increase both in export and import, but import exceeded the export reflecting that Romania is a net importer of agro-food products. The highest market share in Romania's export is kept by Italy, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Hungary, France, Greece, Belgium and Poland, while the main import partners are Germany, Hungary, Poland, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain, France, Greece and Belgium. The concentration degree both in case of export and import is small as proved by the values of HHI, ranging between 0.0845 and 0.0996 for export and between 0.1065 and 0.1106 for import. GSI values ranged between 0.2220 and 0.2406 for export and between 0.2687 and 0.2764 for import. CC values were below 0.5 also reflecting a competitive market. To diminish the dependence of imports, agro-food export has to be stimulated by the increase of agricultural production which has to provide more products with high value added and of a higher quality to enhance competitiveness, and also imports have to be revised and a better resource allocation is needed to strengthen internal production and cover better domestic consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed wheat and maize production, export and import in Romania in the period 2007-2016 in order to point out the main trends and factors which sustain the position of the country in the international trade. Index method, comparison method, export/production ratio, export/import ratio, gross exchange index have been determined to characterize efficiency of external trade. Maize and wheat production increased 2.8 times during the last decade, representing 50 % and respectively 38.5 % in cereal production. Romania comes on the 2nd position for maize and on the 5th position for wheat in the EU production. The production growth is due mainly to the large cultivated surface, 4.7 million ha, for these two cereals which represent 85 % of the cultivated area in Romania. But, with 4.1 tonnes maize and 3.9 tonnes wheat per ha, yield is by 42.39 % and respectively 26.22 % lower than the EU average. Romania exported 11 times more maize and 34 times more wheat during the last decade. Also, it imported less maize but more wheat mainly for re-export. Export/Production ratio increased from reached 0.32 for maize and 0.82 for wheat, and Export/Import ratio reached 7.78 for maize and 5.83 for wheat. Export and import value also had a high growth rate, while import had a decline, resulting a positive balance, and this under the decline of export price and increase of import price. As a conclusion, the production growth contributed to the development of export with a benefic effect on the trade balance and Romania's prestige and position as a cereal producer and exporter. To increase yield level, investments are required in new technologies ( machinery, irrigations, high production value hybrids and varieties, fertilization and plant protection). Also, farm size should be increased by joining in associative forms for a more efficient use of capital and human resources and increase economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was to analyze Romania's foreign trade with cereals in order to point out its efficiency by type of traded cereal in the period 2007-2016 using the empirical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics. The study required a large variety of specific indicators and methods to reach its goal. In the period 2007-2016, both cereal export and import value increased, accounting for Euro 2,097.2 Million export and for Euro 591.1 Million import. As a result, Romania is a net exporting country of cereals as its trade balance was Euro 1,505.1 Million. Also, the volume of cereal trade increased by 5.36 times, reaching Euro 2,689.3 Million in 2016, the export per inhabitant increased reaching Euro 106.13/capita, and the coverage degree of import by export was 3.54 by 6 times higher than in 2007. In 2016, in the agro-food trade of Romania, cereals represented 35% in the export value and 9% in the import value. In 2016, the share of various cereals in the cereal export value accounted for: wheat 55.3%, maize 34.4% and barley 9.15%, all together totalizing 98.85%, while the share of these cereals in cereal import value accounted for: wheat 56.9%, maize 24.9%, barley 11.9% and rice 5.1%, all together accounting for 98.8%. In 2016, the trade balance for the main traded cereals was positive: wheat Euro 823.4 million, maize Euro 574.3 million, and barley Euro 121 million. The index of coverage degree of import by export was: 4.9 for maize, 3.4 for wheat, 3.1 for oats, 2.7 for barley, 1.9 for sorghum, 0.4 for rice and 0.3 for rye. The main trade partner for cereal export is the EU with a share of 30.7%, the difference being represented by countries from the extra-EU market, and for import the EU had the top position with 95.8% market share. The hierarchy of the cereals, in the decreasing order of the efficiency of their trade was the following one: wheat, barley, maize, rye, sorghum, oats and rice. But, the main cereals which deserve to be traded on external markets are wheat, maize and barley. This analysis has drawn the conclusion that Romania must commercialize more cereals with a high efficiency in foreign trade in terms of high export value, low import value, high positive trade balance and a high index of coverage degree of import by export. The positive trade balance had a good impact on the payment balance and on the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was to analyze the trends and correlations in Romania's agro-food trade in the period 2007- 2016 based on the data supplied by the National Institute of Statistics. The statistical parameters of mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, growth rate, trend line, regression model, Pearson correlation coefficient have been used in this study. The export value of agro-food products reached Euro 6.06 billion, while the import value of agro-food products accounted for Euro 6.78 billion in the year 2016. Despite that both export and import value increased, Romania is still a net exporting country. The year 2013 and 2014 registered a positive trade balance. The economic efficiency in Romania's agro-food foreign trade has increased. This was proved by the growth of the share of the agro-food products export in Romania's export value, and by the share of export value in the GDP carried out in agriculture as well as in terms of export/import coverage rate. Romanian producers must continue to pay a special attention to the factors stimulating the growth of the agricultural production and improve the quality of agro-food products in order to cover better the requirements of the domestic and also of the international market, leading to a positive trade balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the dynamics of bovine meat live stock, production, live weight at slaughter, carcass weight, beef and veal consumption, beef supply, export and import and trade balance of Romania in the period 2007-2015 using the empirical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics. The analysis led to important conclusions. Beef comes on the 3rd position after poultry meat an pork in Romania. Beef production declined and so that imports were needed to cover the gap between production and consumption. The decline of the bovine live stock is the main cause as farmers are facing with high farm inputs prices and receive a low farm gate price per kg live weight. In the structure of the slaughtered bovines cows represent over 50%, fattened steers 25% and other categories (bulls, heifers, calves etc). The average live weight and quality at slaughter is lower compared to other EU countries. The slaughter rate is less than 50%. Only 26% of bovines are slaughtered in industrial specialized units, where the fattened steers of high quality and over 400-430 kg live weight per head are usually slaughtered. Beef consumption is low as pork and poultry meat are preferred by consumers and beef price is too high. Romania is a net exporter of bovine meat, but the highest share in the export structure belongs to bovine live weight (84.4%). In 2020, it is expected as bovine live weight at slaughter to reach 235 thousand tons for an annual growth of 7 thousand tons. To develop meat production it is needed to create farmers associations, to raise meat breeds and apply modern fattening technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the main trends in Romania's milk and dairy products foreign trade using a specific system of indicators destined to create a comprehensive image on the topic, based on the empirical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics and Eurostat for the period 2007-2012 and to set up the forecast for the 2013-2015 horizon, based on and using the fixed basis index, average change method, and comparison method. Milk and dairy products trade balance is a negative one, Romania being a net importing country. Despite this, both export value increased 2.9 times and the import value increased 1.3 times. The amount of milk exported by Romania will account for 1,673.8 thousand hl, and milk imported quantity for 6,119.8 thousand hl according to the forecast for the year 2015. In 2015, the forecast for Romania's milk export value is Euro thousand 96,258.75 and for milk import value Euro thousand 259,270.2. Romania's export value of dairy products accounted for Euro million 6.6, representing 0.06 % of the world exports, placing the country on the 56th position. Also, it comes on the 23rd position among the EU exporting countries with a very small contribution of 0.1 % to the EU export of dairy products. The main markets where the Romanian dairy products are sold are Italy, Belgium, Spain, United Kingdom and Greece. The import of dairy products is supplied by Hungary, Poland, Czech Rep, Italy, and Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was the analysis of Romania's agro-food foreign trade dynamics in the period 2007-2012 in order to identify its major trends and changes. In 2012, the agro-food export reached Euro Million 2,812, and import Euro Million 3,834. The Euro Million -1,021 balance deficit proved that Romania is still a net exporting country. The EU accounts for about 72 % in export and 70% in import value, of which agro-food trade contributes by 8.90 % and, respectively by 9.54% in Romania's import. In 2012, the agro-food export structure was the following one:Vegetable products 38.66%, Prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco 36.02 %, and Live animals and animal products 18.99 %, and the agro-food import structure was: Prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco 38.39 %, Vegetal products 30.89 %, and Live animals and animal products 25.62 %. The main Romania's trade partners are Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Spain, Germany, The Netherlands, Greece, France, Austria and United Kingdom for agro-food export (88.14 %) and Hungary, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Bulgaria, Italy, France, Austria, the Czech Republic and Greece for agro-food import (88.38 %). In the period 2007-2012, an improved efficiency of the agro-food trade was noticed in terms of export/import ratio, export value per GDP and per inhabitant, and lower and lower deficit of the trade balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was the analysis of the agro-food foreign trade position in Romania's foreign trade in the period 2005-2010. Agro-food foreign trade registered a fast dynamics, its volume accounting for Euro Million 7,053 in 2010, being by 161 % higher than in 2005. Its share in Romania's foreign trade increased from 3.02 % in 2005 to 8.36 % in 2010. Vegetal products are the best exported goods (52.41 %), followed by food products, beverages and tobacco (28.46 %). Romania's import is mainly dominated by food products, beverages and tobacco (40.34 %) and vegetal products (29.06 %). The EU countries are the main trade partners, accounting for about 80 % both in the export and import value. In 2010, agro-food export accounted for 8.54 % and agro-food import for 9.42 % in Romania's trade with the EU. Romania's agro-food products are mainly exported in Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain and Germany and imports come especially from Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy. The agro-food trade has become a more and more efficient part of Romania's trade taking into consideration the export share in GDP, import coverage by export and export per inhabitant [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze Romania's honey market in the period 1990-2009, based on the INSSE data, using the index method. In 2009, Romania had 1,057 bee families, about 45,000 beekeepers, meaning 23 bee families per apiary. The number of bee families has increased by 9.76% compared to 1990 but the number of beekeepers decreased by 56% compared to 1980. Honey production reached 19.93 tones in 2009, being by 1.8 times higher than in 1990. Ecological honey represents about 16% of production. Producer honey price increased up to Lei 8-9/kg and Lei 15-20/kg in the free market, and the export price varies between Euro 2.5 -3.5/kg. Honey consumption increased up to 0.5 kg/capita in 2009, but it is still low compared to the EU average. The EU high demand and production deficit has encouraged Romania to export 70 % of its production, the main beneficiaries being Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria and Belgium. Since 2005, Romania has imported small amounts of honey from Czech Republic, China, Germany, Hungary, Spain and Austria. Romania comes on the 19th position in the world for honey production and on the 11th one for the honey export value. As a conclusion, honey market is continuously increasing, Romania being a net exporting country of high quality honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the economic efficiency of Romania's honey foreign trade during the period 2000-2007 .The following specific indicators were used: trade balance, export/production ratio, share of honey export and import in agri-food export and import and in total export and import, honey export/import ratio, import/consumption ratio, export and import/inhabitant, honey food balance, marketed honey by beneficiaries and honey suppliers , average export and import price, export and import geographical orientation index and honey gross exchange index. As a conclusion, honey foreign foreign trade is a good deal for Romania which is a net exporter contributing in a positive way to the payment balance. Honey foreign trade is of high efficiency, but Romania should intensify its exports in the European market in order to diminish its stocks , to look for a higher export price and continue to reduce honey import. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]