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1. International Negotiation. A Cross-Cultural Perspective.

Author

Fisher, Glen

Abstract

Intended for professionals who work internationally, the booklet addresses the cross-cultural communication process that is involved whenever persons of widely differing backgrounds attempt to reach agreements. Three countries (Japan, Mexico, and France) are compared and a line of questioning and analysis that a negotiator might find useful, whatever the national identity, is suggested. The first of six sections presents a broad overview of the social psychology of cross-cultural negotiation; the next five sections each deal with a particular "consideration" involved in the process. The first consideration involves understanding the way that negotiators view the negotiation encounter itself (the session's social meaning, who should attend, what kind of conversations should take place, with what courtesy, and with what expected style of debate). The second consideration is concerned with ways that cultural background affects decision making style. The effect of "national character" on the negotiation process, a third consideration, involves the effect of national self-image on negotiation, specific values and implicit assumptions of negotiators, and cultural differences in styles of logic, reasoning, and persuasion. The fourth consideration, "coping with cross-cultural noise," covers the background distractions, including noise, the presence of other people, and habits or idiosyncracies that bother one party or the other. A fifth consideration, "trusting interpreters and translators" is the topic of the final section. This section examines actual limits in translating ideals, concepts, meanings, and nuances; the subjective meaning on each side of a translation; and built-in styles of reasoning that resist translation. (LH)

Published
1980

2. Business as Usual? Economic Responses to Political Tensions.

Author

Davis, Christina and Meunier, Sophie

Subjects
*POLITICAL science, *INTERNATIONAL relations, FRANCE-United States relations, CHINA-Japan relations
Abstract

Do rising political tensions impact the level of economic exchange between states? The relationship between economic interdependence and war has been a central debate in international relations, but less is known about whether smaller shifts in relations between states produce corresponding shifts in economic affairs. Our paper examines whether periods of heightened political tensions with negative opinion polls and public discord between top leaders produce any measurable effect on economic transactions. We focus on US-French relations and Sino-Japanese relations as two cases that allow us to compare varying levels of political tension given high economic interdependence and different alliance relations. Heightened tensions over Iraq led many Americans to call for boycotting French products. Sino-Japanese relations worsened over the visits by Prime Minister Koizumi to a controversial shrine and led to widespread boycott efforts and suspension of top-level leader meetings. Our analysis of aggregate trends in trade and investment flows shows that sour political relations did not spill over to harm economic affairs. Even looking at the sales of top firms or products with high salience, we find no evidence that periods of political tensions had lower levels of exchange than other periods. We conclude that sunk costs in existing trade and investment relations and competitive pressures in global markets mean that economic transactions show little response to political trends. Nevertheless, we discuss conditions under which prolonged tensions may lead in the long term to a decline in brand image and reduced cooperation for governance rules, which would create linkage between political and economic relations. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

3. New Dynamics of the Development Aid Regime.

Author

Hook, Steven

Subjects
*INTERNATIONAL economic assistance, *INTERNATIONAL relations
Abstract

This paper reviews the current global context of foreign aid,particularly the distribution of development aid among the primary national donors -- the United States, Japan, Germany, Great Britain, and France. The chapter examines the stated objectives of these programs and the link between foreign aid and very differing foreign-policy agendas. A central assumption is that foreign aid is a reflection of donors' broader objectives in world politics. By examining both the quantity and "quality"of current aid programs, we gain a better comparative grasp of the global ambitions of the world's major industrial powers. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

4. Characterising the background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest for covid-19 vaccines in eight countries: multinational network cohort study.

Author

Xintong Li, Ostropolets, Anna, Makadia, Rupa, Shoaibi, Azza, Rao, Gowtham, Sena, Anthony G., Martinez-Hernandez, Eugenia, Delmestri, Antonella, Verhamme, Katia, Rijnbeek, Peter R., Duarte-Salles, Talita, Suchard, Marc A., Ryan, Patrick B., Hripcsak, George, and Prieto-Alhambra, Daniel

Subjects
MYOCARDIAL infarction risk factors, STROKE risk factors, ANAPHYLAXIS, DISSEMINATED intravascular coagulation, INTERNATIONAL relations, PULMONARY embolism, PERICARDITIS, CONFIDENCE intervals, COVID-19 vaccines, CARDIOMYOPATHIES, APPENDICITIS, POSTVACCINAL encephalitis, AGE distribution, POPULATION geography, DISEASE incidence, BELL'S palsy, SEX distribution, NARCOLEPSY, GUILLAIN-Barre syndrome, DRUG side effects, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, TRANSVERSE myelitis, LONGITUDINAL method, DISEASE risk factors
Published
2021
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5. The Week.

Subjects
UNITED States politics & government, 1921-1923, MILITARY occupation, INCOME tax laws, FISCAL policy, BANKING industry, INTERNATIONAL relations, EXECUTIONS & executioners, CIVIL war
Abstract

Focuses on various political developments in the world with emphasis on the political condition in the U.S. Danger of permanent military occupation of Rhineland by France; Suggestion by U.S. secretary of the treasury Andrew William Mellon on reduction of super-tax; Difficulty in collecting income tax due to war time fiscal policy in the U.S.; View of U.S. President Warren Gamaliel Harding regarding the long interval which elapses between the election of a Congress and its first session; Hearing on a bill toward economic justice and practical stability before the U.S. Committee on Banking and Currency; Demilitarization of the Dardanelles; Capture of Tsingtao and surrounding territory by Chinese bandits; Disclosure of information about supply of arms just before Japanese were to leave Siberia; Civil war execution of Richard Barrett, Joseph McKelvey, Liam Mellowes and Rory O'Connor by the Irish government.

Published
1922