4,594 results
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2. The Rise and Fall of Sino-American Post-Secondary Partnerships. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.12.2020
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education, Gurtov, Mel, Julius, Daniel J., and Leventhal, Mitch
- Abstract
This article examines the rise and fall of a golden age of engagement between American and Chinese institutions of higher education. We assess the political context, examine institutional and demographic variables associated with successful initial joint efforts, and explore why current relationships are unraveling. The authors do not assume alignment in the interests promoting initial cooperation between the United States and China but a convergence of mutual interests. The paper discusses operational realities underpinning support for engagement (a need for coordination in organizational infrastructure, faculty support and what are referred to as "administrative nuts and bolts") associated with meaningful and long-term agreements. We present evidence of a dramatic decline in Sino-U.S. cooperative endeavors in post-secondary education and suggest that a new paradigmatic shift is underway and consider what this might mean for future engagement efforts. Finally, the paper poses recommendations to American institutional leaders for next steps to continue engagement with China.
- Published
- 2020
3. Swords into Plowshares: Converting to a Peace Economy. Worldwatch Paper 96.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Renner, Michael
- Abstract
Recent world developments have created an opportune time for nations to vigorously pursue a policy of converting the huge portion of their economies that traditionally have been devoted to military expenditures to more socially productive uses. This paper outlines a strategy for such a conversion, and discusses the issues that must be confronted in such a process. Specific aspects of conversion include: (1) misconceptions about lessening military spending; (2) building a conversion coalition; (3) the paths forged by China and the Soviet Union; (4) upheaval in Eastern Europe; and (5) grassroots initiatives in the West. It is concluded that the gathering pressure for disarmament suggests that conversion will be a topic gaining importance during the 1990's. A number of statistical tables, charts, and maps appear throughout this paper, and 127 endnotes are provided. (DB)
- Published
- 1990
4. China under the Four Modernizations: Part 2. Selected Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee. Congress of the United States, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session.
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Joint Economic Committee, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
The politics and performance of the post-Mao Chinese government (1976 to the present) in the areas of foreign economic relations and Sino-American normalization are examined. Realizing that the four modernizations program for bringing up to date agriculture, industry, science and technology, and defense, initiated by Mao's successors in 1977, was too ambitious, China's current leadership is in the process of adjusting, reorienting, and retrenching the program into something more pragmatic, realistic, and attainable. Included among the topics discussed in this publication are: China's international trade and finance; China's capital construction and the prospects for foreign participation; China's hard currency export potential and import capacity through 1985; Sino-Japanese economic relations; China's grain imports; Chinese general agreement on tariff and trade; normalization of U.S. commercial relations with China; recent developments in China's trade practices; emerging functions of formal legal institutions in China's modernization; recent developments in China's treatment of intellectual property; U.S. firms in China trade; overcoming hindrances and impediments in U.S.-Chinese commercial negotiations; and the U.S.-China Joint Economic Committee. (RM)
- Published
- 1982
5. Recent Materials on China and U.S.-China Relations. An Annotated Bibliography. Service Center Paper on Asian Studies, No. 8.
- Author
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Service Center for Teachers of Asian Studies. and Goldberg, Robert
- Abstract
This bibliographic essay of books, articles, and audiovisual aids on China is designed to help teachers and community educators identify new materials for use in planning classroom units and community education programs, and to present some emerging themes in America's new relationship with China around which discussions could be organized. The listings are arranged into six parts: (1) accounts by recent visitors to China, (2) general books about China and U.S.-China relations, (3) major areas of professional interest in China, (4) important issues in Sino-American relations, (5) Chinese periodicals and Chinese perspectives, and (6) resources for teachers. Most of the materials included in this annotated bibliography date from 1971-74. Each bibliographic selection includes the complete title, publisher, number of pages, price, and a short annotation. The unit on resources for teachers suggests resource and curriculum guides, periodicals and newspapers, starter kits, maps, and audiovisual materials appropriate for the secondary classroom. Exceptionally useful and highly recommended works are starred. (Author/JR)
- Published
- 1974
6. Language, Culture, and Ecology: An Exploration of Language Ecology in Pragmatics
- Author
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Zhang, Weiwei
- Abstract
This paper discussed the relationship between language, ecology, and culture, and claimed that the study of linguistic communication as pragmatics should not be confined to the traditional context, but should focus on a broader ecological environment. It analyzed the context of practical communication from the perspective of language ecology beginning with the discussion of the ecological crisis in communication and found that language, like plants and animals in nature, needed the support of the external environment with certain "soil fertility". This paper classified ecological context into two types: internal ecological context (psychological-cognitive context) and external ecological context (natural environment and social environment). Based on this classification, the ecological context of pragmatics was further divided into environment-friendly context, addressee-friendly context, and speaker-friendly ecological context. This paper was an exploratory analysis of language ecology in pragmatics, aiming at helping communicative participants find their ecological niche and adopt appropriate strategies to maintain the ecological balance in pragmatic communication.
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- 2022
7. China Policy for the Next Decade: Report of the Atlantic Council's Committee on China Policy. Political Series Policy Papers.
- Author
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Atlantic Council of the United States, Washington, DC. and Johnson, U. Alexis
- Abstract
Relations between the United States and China are discussed, and future policy recommendations are made. There are eight major sections. Section I contains an introduction. Section II examines common interests of the United States and its friends and allies. The third section deals with the evolution of relations between the United States and China. The recent background is described. Evolution of Chinese policy--economic, domestic political, foreign, and defense--is discussed. Evolution of U.S. policy regarding U.S./China economic relations, mutual understanding, U.S./China security relations, and U.S./China cultural and educational relations is also examined. Sections IV, V, and VI explore the prospective influence and likely interaction of other key actors that may influence the U.S./China relationship, e.g., the Soviet Union, Taiwan, and other Asian countries. The seventh section deals with the relationship between Atlantic and Pacific security. Policy recommendations conclude the publication. (RM)
- Published
- 1983
8. Educational Exchanges: Essays on the Sino-American Experience. Research Papers and Policy Studies 21.
- Author
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California Univ., Berkeley. Inst. of East Asian Studies., Kallgren, Joyce K., Simon, Denis Fr, Kallgren, Joyce K., Simon, Denis Fr, and California Univ., Berkeley. Inst. of East Asian Studies.
- Abstract
The essays in this monograph (except one) were originally presented and discussed at the Conference on Sino-American Cultural and Scientific Exchanges held in Honolulu, Hawaii in February 1985. Frank Ninkovich presents some of the thoughts that characterized the U.S. approach to cultural exchanges before 1940. In her essay on the pre-World War II period, Mary Brown Bullock surveys the exchange experiences of the United States in China. Warren Cohen's chapter explores U.S.-China cultural relations from 1949 to 1971 and provides an integrated picture of the diverse forces that influenced U.S. thinking primarily up to the period of renewed relations. Joyce Kallgren writes about three of the key organizations that were and remain central to educational exchanges. Jan Berris provides an in-depth discussion of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations. Major philanthropic organizations played an important role in U.S.-China exchanges. Francis Sutton discusses the work of the Ford Foundation in this area. Patrick Maddox and Anne Thurston point out some of the difficulties implicit in many of the educational exchange programs. Ainslie Embree provides an account of U.S.-Indian exchanges. Ruth Hayhoe contrasts the U.S.-China exchange experience with the European-China experience. The consequences of the exchanges in the humanities and social sciences are discussed by Richard Madsen. Richard Suttmeier examines the results of exchanges in the area of science and technology. The volume concludes with Denis Simon's discussion of the policy questions that are involved in the transfer of technology from the United States to China. (JB)
- Published
- 1987
9. A Cumulative Index for Focus on Asian Studies. Autumn 1971-Spring 1976. Service Center Paper on Asian Studies, No. 12.
- Author
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Association for Asian Studies, Columbus, OH. Service Center for Teachers of Asian Studies. and Pierce, Lucia B.
- Abstract
Approximately 1700 citations, from 1971-1976, plus fifteen issues of "Focus on Asian Studies," are listed in this cumulative index on Asian studies. It was compiled for any person seeking information (both print and nonprint materials) pertaining to Asian studies. Listed publications consist of newspaper articles, journal articles, papers, and books. The volume is arranged into 14 major categories: articles related to Asian studies; conferences, institutes, and workshops; summer study/travel programs; resource centers and related organizations; curriculum guides and bibliographies; Asian studies teaching file lesson (lesson plans); text materials for classroom use; multimedia materials; performing arts and exhibitions; periodicals; books; books for elementary schools; publishers of written materials; and publishers of multimedia materials. An eight-page listing of publishers of written and multimedia materials is included. (NE)
- Published
- 1976
10. The Barrel of the Gun and the Barrel of Oil in North-South Equation. Working Paper Number Five.
- Author
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Institute for World Order, New York, NY., Mazrui, Ali A., Mazrui, Ali A., and Institute for World Order, New York, NY.
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Current trends in armaments and militarism in the third world countries must be assessed against a background of imperialism and in relation to the tendency to use nuclear power for peaceful ends and oil power for militaristic ends. Discussion of these factors with relation to China, India, and the Arab countries requires examination of militaristic attitudes and the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The Arab world's discovery of oil power and subsequent formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are also discussed. It appears that interconnections among different sectors of policy exist along with interdependence among nations. The pursuit of disarmament or arms control cannot be separated from the struggle for equity in world politics. Since the power of the oil-producing nations is contributing toward a new world order, a new international military order becomes one precondition for a new international economic order. China's experimental rockets, India's nuclear devices, and the Arab consortium's arms industry may have to be placed alongside of OPEC as part of their total leverage if there is to be a change toward greater equity between developing and developed nations. Because nuclear capacity is linked with the third world's quest for dignity and power, some degree of proliferation may be the price for equality. (Author/KC)
- Published
- 1978
11. Power, Politics, and Education: Canadian Universities and International Education in an Era of New Geopolitics
- Author
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Trilokekar, Roopa Desai, El Masr, Amira, and El Masry, Hani
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the recent political spars between Canada and Saudi Arabia as well as China and their impact on Canadian universities. It asks three questions: (1) What key issues did Canada's political strains with Saudi Arabia and China raise for Canadian universities' international education (IE) initiatives and what issues were absent? (2) What do these key issues suggest about Canada's approaches to IE in an era of new geopolitics? and (3) What implications can be drawn from these cases about Canadian university-government relations in the context of new geopolitics? Given the powerful role media plays in education policy, a systematic study was conducted across three main media sources to identify 74 articles and news releases between August 2018 and November 2019. Three dominant themes are identified and analyzed, each vividly illustrating the close ties between global politics, government foreign policy and IE within Canadian Universities. On the one hand, the narratives speak to concerns about IE as a risk to national security and, on the other, as a vehicle for Canada's economic prosperity. However, what the media has not achieved is a broader discussion on how Canada needs to revisit its IE objectives and approaches in light of broader geopolitical shifts. Using the theoretical framework of soft power, the paper speaks to the limitations and short-sightedness of Canada's approach to IE as soft power in this era of new geopolitics and concludes with three recommendations for Canada.
- Published
- 2020
12. An Operational Code Analysis of China’s National Defense White Papers: 1998-2015.
- Author
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Yang, Yi Edward, Keller, Jonathan W., and Molnar, Joseph
- Subjects
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NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *FOREIGN relations administration ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
Scholarly efforts to predict the future character of the U.S.-China relationship abound. Few however looks to leaders’ beliefs as valid explanatory variables. In this paper, we argue that state leaders’ belief systems are key to understanding both the states’ intentions and policy choices. We analyze China’s national defense white papers (1998-2015) published to date as the source material to gauge the core collective beliefs of three generations of Chinese leadership. The operational code framework is employed to conceptualize and measure these beliefs. Our results identified important crossgenerational changes in a few belief indicators. In the Xi Jinping era, for instance, the political world is seen as less friendly and cooperative strategies are viewed less favorably. In terms of tactics, the policy tools “threaten” and “promise” are viewed as significantly more useful by the current leadership than by past Chinese leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. 'All Things Are in Flux': China in Global Science
- Author
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Marginson, Simon
- Abstract
Since 1990, a large and dynamic global science system has evolved, based on grass roots collaboration, and resting on the resources, infrastructure and personnel housed by national science systems. Euro-American science systems have become intensively networked in a global duopoly; and many other countries have built national science systems, including a group of large- and middle-sized countries that follow semi-autonomous trajectories based on state investment, intensive national network building, and international engagement, without integrating tightly into the global duopoly. The dual global/national approach pursued by these systems, including China, South Korea, Iran and India, is not always fully understood in papers on science. Nevertheless, China is now the number two science country in the world, the largest producer of papers and number one in parts of STEM physical sciences. The paper investigates the remarkable evolution of China's science funding, output, discipline balance, internationalisation strategy and national and global networking. China has combined global activity and the local/national building of science in positive sum manner, on the ground of the nationally nested science system. The paper also discusses limits of the achievement, noting that while China-US relations have been instrumental in building science, a partial decoupling is occurring and the future is unclear.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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14. From a Line on Paper to a Line in Physical Reality: Joint state-building at the Chinese-Vietnamese border, 1954–1957.
- Author
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YIN, QINGFEI
- Subjects
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NATION building , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *BORDERLANDS , *COMMUNISTS - Abstract
This article studies the collaboration between the Chinese and Vietnamese communists in the socialist transformation of their shared borderlands after the First Indochina War. It both complicates and clarifies the volatile bilateral relationship between the two emerging communist states as they solidified their power in the 1950s. Departing from traditional narratives of Sino-Vietnamese relations which focus on wars and conflicts, this article examines how the timely convergence of Cold War and state expansion transformed the Sino-Vietnamese borderlands from 1954 to 1957. Using both Chinese and Vietnamese archival sources, it contends that the Chinese and Vietnamese communists pursued two interrelated goals in carrying out the political projects at the territorial limits of their countries. First, they wanted to build an inward-looking economy and society at the respective borders by consolidating the national administration of territory. Second, they wanted to impose a contrived Cold War comradeship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in place of the organic interdependence of people within the borderlands that had existed in the area for centuries. The Sino-Vietnamese border, therefore, was the focus of joint state-building by the two communist governments, which made the cross-border movement of people and goods more visible, manipulable, and, more importantly, taxable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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15. Uyghur and China in the American Media Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of 'CNN' News Articles
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Prayudha and Fawwaz, Ma'ruf
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This paper analyzes the textual aspects in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Norman Fairclough model of "CNN" news discourse about Uyghur issue. When this research is conducted, there are only at least five articles specifically discussing Uyghur issue that are 29th December 2011, 29th February 2012, 29th February 2012, 30th October 2013, and 5th September 2014 publications. The research focuses on analyzing the text representation and the relation between participants in the discourse. Objectives of the paper are: 1) to analyze the text representation of news in the news channel of "CNN" related to the Uyghur case, and 2) to analyze the relation between participants in the news channel of "CNN" related to the Uyghur case. The subject of this paper is Uyghur issue as reflected in the news articles of "CNN" International. The paper applies qualitative descriptive method. As a consequence: "CNN" often put formality features and a vague vocabulary to block and obscure the negative value from the readers to China. The relation here is presented by "CNN" to China rather than "CNN" to Uyghur. It is reflected by the power of the status of China.
- Published
- 2019
16. NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings: Education and Language Edition (Athens, Greece, August 19, 2019). Book 1. Volume 2
- Author
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NORDSCI
- Abstract
This volume includes two sections of the 2019 NORDSCI international conference proceedings: (1) Education and Educational Research; and (2) Language and Linguistics. Education and Educational Research includes 11 papers covering scientific topics in the full spectrum of education, including history, sociology and economy of education, educational policy, strategy and technologies. This section also covers pedagogy and special education. Language and Linguistics includes 11 papers covering scientific topics related to theoretical, literary and historical linguistics, as well as stylistics and philology.
- Published
- 2019
17. Australia's 2015 Defence White Paper: Seeking Strategic Opportunities in Southeast Asia to Help Manage China's Peacefiil Rise.
- Author
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LEE, JOHN
- Subjects
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NATIONAL security , *DIPLOMATIC history , *TWENTY-first century , *STRATEGIC planning , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *MILITARY policy ,AUSTRALIAN foreign relations, 1945- - Abstract
Australia's new government is committed to delivering the next defence white paper in 2015. The two previous white papers took a predominantly risk-management approach to Southeast Asia, generally ignored the strategic opportunities in the region, treated it as a stand-alone region largely unrelated to developments in East Asia and failed to link Australia's policies in Southeast Asia with the broader goal of helping to ensure greater strategic stability in Asia by putting constraints on Chinese assertiveness and encouraging its peaceful rise. After offering a summary of recent Australian defence thinking on Southeast Asia, this paper outlines why managing China is the key variable when it comes to strategic stability in the region. It then examines how China's strategy and behaviour can be shaped and influenced by events and relationships in Southeast Asia, and offers some suggestions as to the role Australia can seek to play in Southeast Asia that relates to Canberra's China-focused objectives and strategic stability in Asia more broadly If that can be achieved in the 2015 defence white paper, Australia - which is often criticized for being preoccupied primarily with managing the relationship with its superpower ally the United States - will demonstrate to itself and Asia that its heavy reliance on the ANZUS treaty is no barrier to strategic creativity in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
- Full Text
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18. The Promise of Chinese: African International Students and Linguistic Capital in Chinese Higher Education
- Author
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Xu, Wen, Stahl, Garth, and Cheng, Hao
- Abstract
The proportion of international students in Chinese higher education is increasing, however, there remains little research that explores their motivations and how their learning of Chinese influences their identities and imagined futures. In this paper, we address the need for research on South-South migration--specifically Sino-African relations--and draw on the concept of linguistic capital to explore what it means for 15 self-funded international students from six different African countries. The findings highlight African youths' negotiation of power matrices in different fields and their desire for Chinese linguistic capital. The acquisition of such capital would position themselves advantageously in terms of employability and social prestige within the geopolitical and geo-economic context of China-Africa relations. In documenting their investment in Chinese language learning, the study compels us to reflect on the intersection of identity, ideology and capital within the language acquisition process and what Chinese language learning has come to mean for those from the peripheral nation-states.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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19. Taking a walk on rice-paper
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Edwards, Brent
- Published
- 1998
20. How Four U.S. Papers Covered the Communist Chinese Revolt.
- Author
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Harigen, Stephen
- Subjects
JOURNALISM ,NEWSPAPERS ,MASS media audiences ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COMMUNISTS - Abstract
Focuses on the coverage of the major foreign policy crisis in the collapse of Nationalist China to the Communists by American newspapers. Closeness of the event or issue in terms of perceived relevance to American audiences; Divisions between stories in terms of where they appeared in the newspapers; Tradition of foreign war reporting.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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