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The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication on the daily rhythm of micromorphometric parameters characterizing the morphological and functional state of the liver is studied on 80 male Wistar rats of 6 months age, divided into 2 equal groups. The first group served as control; rats of the second group (experiment) were kept under similar conditions but got as a drink a 15% ethanol solution ad libitum instead of water. After three weeks of the experiment, animals were euthanized consistently at four-time points during the day. The pathomorphological study of the liver was carried out, the daily dynamics of the nucleus and cell (by area and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR)), ploidy of mononuclear hepatocytes, and the proportion of binuclear hepatocytes were measured. The reliability of circadian rhythm (CR) was determined by cosinor analysis. The study indicates complex changes in the organization of rhythmostasis in the experiment. The chrono-destructive effect of experimental alcohol intoxication on the CR of the cell and NCR, as well as the chronomodulating effect to the CR of the nucleus are established. The effect of ethanol on the CR of ploidy and the number of binuclear hepatocytes, as well as on the nature of their variation at the studied time points is established. An increase in the ploidy of hepatocytes and an in the number of binuclear cells is revealed, which indicates the beginning of the deployment of adaptive-compensatory reactions in the organ.

The review focuses on the pathogenetic mechanisms of ethanol influence on the development of oxidative stress (OS) and endothelial dysfunction (ED). It is shown that both in acute and chronic alcohol intoxication, the intake of ethanol in the body initiates the development of OS, the formation of reactive oxygen species, causes a decrease in the content of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor (EDHF)), an increase in the concentration of endothelium-derived constricting factors (endothelin, angiotensin-II), thereby causing the development of ED. When alcohol is consumed in small doses by healthy non-drinkers, ethanol can act as an antioxidant, cause the neutralization of reactive oxygen species, promote the formation of NO, and prevent the formation of ED. Currently used methods for evaluating ED allow us to characterize the functional state of the endothelium. Structural changes in the blood vessel wall as a manifestation of ED in alcoholic disease are not sufficiently described, which indicates the need to study them using modern histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods.

Notwithstanding that there are many researches pursuing in aim to define a neurotoxic behavior of various compounds of aluminium, its role as a potential neurotoxin is debatable to this day. The present study was aimed at comparison of neurotoxic action of aluminium in the forms of chloride and citrate, administered orally in a dose of Al3+=0.1 mg/kg of body weight per day. The results of double T-maze tests that were used for detection of cognitive impairment, and results of histological and micromorphometric examination of hippocampal CA1 neurons are presented. At research findings, we revealed violations of memory and learning processes and also irreversible morphological changes of hippocampal CA1 neurons in aluminium citrate intoxicated mice, that were expressed more than in aluminium chloride intoxicated mice. Furthermore, we caught neuronal atrophy in hippocampal CA1 area of both mice groups, and it was more pronounced in aluminium citrate intoxicated group. Basing of conducted study, it could be concluded that different aluminium compounds in a real taking dose have a neurotoxic action that influence both morphofunctional integrality of hippocampus and cognitive function of CNS, more expressing on exposure to aluminium citrate.

During the conducted research, it is established that aluminium chloride intoxication leads to the considerable changes of composition of red blood, development of a hypercalcemia and change of a bone structure of animals. A number of significant morphofunctional changes in the hippocampus of the examined animals are also noted. The use of the tissue preparation "Nicavet-1000" leads to the normalization of both hematocrit and other parameters of red blood, as well as to the intensification of erythropoiesis. Use of the preparation "Nicavet-1000", judging from the results of research, prevents pathological changes in a bone tissue, caused by aluminium chloride. "Nicavet-1000" leads to the expressed normalization of both the morphological, and micromorphometric parameters characterizing a hippocampus of rats.

Cryosurgery used on patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer improved their quality of life, but mainly because of the pain relief. In postoperative patients, multifaceted changes in immunity were found, and the state of the immune system prior to surgery often was a decisive factor to indicate whether further disorders in the postoperative period would develop, or by contrast, it would boost its recovery. Some patients receiving cryosurgery showed immune system imbalance and activation, and of antitumor immunity in particular. It has been suggested that the advisability of immunotropic therapy for specific treatment algorithms should be predicted or the therapy should be suspended at some pathologic stage, and this has been immunologically confirmed. Cryosurgery should be considered as a reasonable alternative to the existing types of surgery for pancreatic cancer or as an essential component of multimodal therapy, consisting of topical cryosurgery, chemotherapy, and immunotropic therapy, to boost antitumor immunity and to discontinue cytoreductive therapy due to its toxic effects.

In this investigation, we revealed that application of the biostimulating tissue preparation based on chicken embryos (“STEMB”) at experimental hepatorenal syndrome showed improvement of the morphofunctional parameters of a liver. Under the influence of a biostimulator the relative mass of a liver considerably decreased and biochemical markers of a condition of a liver (total bilirubin, ALT, AST) returned to normal. Besides, under the influence of “STEMB” the tendency to normalization of mitotic, apoptotic and binuclear cells index of liver tissues and considerable decrease in a necrotic index is observed. Results of the research conducted by us allow to make a conclusion on possibility of inclusion of “STEMB” in a complex therapy of HRS for treatment of the injuries of a liver which are its main reason.

As a result of research it was succeeded to receive the model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which is characterized by obesity, violation of the structural organization, a fabric necrosis, formation of fibrosis of a liver. The developed model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis allows to study also staging of development of a fatty desease of the liver which is characterized by formation of a steatogepatitis and fibrosis. In quality the inducing factors the high-fat diet and antibiotics were used. The offered NASH model can be used in the field of chronic experiments for an assessment of extent of violation of a functional condition of hepatobiliary system and for search of the effective pharmacotheurapeutichepatoprotective agents.