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1. Progression of Fatty Liver Disease in Children Receiving Standard of Care Lifestyle Advice

Author

Stavra A. Xanthakos, Joel E. Lavine, Katherine P. Yates, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Jean P. Molleston, Philip Rosenthal, Karen F. Murray, Miriam B. Vos, Ajay K. Jain, Ann O. Scheimann, Tamir Miloh, Mark Fishbein, Cynthia A. Behling, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Arun J. Sanyal, James Tonascia, Stephanie Abrams, Donna Garner, Paula Hertel, Ryan Himes, Alicia Lawson, Nicole Triggs, Kristin Bramlage, April Carr, Kim Cecil, Meghan McNeill, Marialena Mouzaki, Andrew Trout, Stavra Xanthakos, Kimberlee Bernstein, Stephanie DeVore, Rohit Kohli, Kathleen Lake, Daniel Podberesky, Alex Towbin, Ali Mencin, Elena Reynoso, Adina Alazraki, Rebecca Cleeton, Maria Cordero, Albert Hernandez, Saul Karpen, Jessica Cruz Munos, Nicholas Raviele, Miriam Vos, Molly Bozic, Laura Carr, Oscar W. Cummings, Kathryn Harlow, Ann Klipsch, Emily Ragozzino, Girish Rao, Kimberly Kafka, Ann Scheimann, Mark H. Fishbein, Joy Ito, Saeed Mohammad, Peter F. Whitington, Sarah Barlow, Danielle Carpenter, Theresa Cattoor, Jose Derdoy, Janet Freebersyser, Ajay Jain, Debra King, Jinping Lai, Joan Siegner, Susan Stewart, Susan Torretta, Kristina Wriston, Jorge Angeles, Jennifer Arin, Cynthia Behling, Craig Bross, Carissa Carrier, Jennifer Collins, Diana De La Pena, Janis Durelle, Mary Catherine Huckaby, Michael S. Middleton, Kimberly Newton, Claude Sirlin, Patricia Ugalde-Nicalo, Jesse Courtier, Ryan Gill, Camille Langlois, Emily Rothbaum Perito, Patrika Tsai, Niviann Blondet, Kara Cooper, Karen Murray, Randolph Otto, Matthew Yeh, Melissa Young, Kathryn Fowler, David E. Kleiner, Edward C. Doo, Sherry Hall, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Patricia R. Robuck, Averell H. Sherker, Rebecca Torrance, Patricia Belt, Jeanne M. Clark, John Dodge, Michele Donithan, Milana Isaacson, Mariana Lazo, Jill Meinert, Laura Miriel, Emily P. Sharkey, Jacqueline Smith, Michael Smith, Alice Sternberg, Mark L. Van Natta, Annette Wagoner, Laura A. Wilson, and Goro Yamada

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatric Obesity, Time Factors, Cirrhosis, Biopsy, Type 2 diabetes, Chronic liver disease, Severity of Illness Index, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Risk Factors, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Medicine, Glucose homeostasis, Prospective Studies, Child, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Fatty liver, Age Factors, Alanine Transaminase, Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Risk Assessment, digestive system, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Humans, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Healthy Lifestyle, Hepatology, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Body mass index, Biomarkers
Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common pediatric chronic liver disease. Little is known about outcomes in recognized youth. METHODS: We compared paired liver biopsies from 122 of 139 children with NAFLD (74% male; 64% white; 71% Hispanic; mean age, 13 ± 3 years; age range, 8–17 years) who received placebo and standard of care lifestyle advice in 2 double-blind, randomized clinical trials within the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) clinical research network from 2005 through 2015. We analyzed histologic changes with respect to baseline and longitudinal change in clinical variables using regression analysis. RESULTS: At enrollment, 31% of the children had definite NASH, 34% had borderline zone 1 NASH, 13% had borderline zone 3 NASH, and 21% had fatty liver but not NASH. Over a mean period of 1.6 ± 0.4 years, borderline or definite NASH resolved in 29% of the children, whereas 18% of the children with fatty liver or borderline NASH developed definite NASH. Fibrosis improved in 34% of the children but worsened in 23%. Any progression to definite NASH or in fibrosis occurred in 36% of the children, and both occurred in 11% of the children. Any improvement in NASH or fibrosis occurred in 52%, and both occurred in 20% of children. Type 2 diabetes developed in 5% of the cohort. Any progression to NASH and/or fibrosis was associated with adolescent age, higher waist circumference, levels of alanine or aspartate aminotransferase, total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol at baseline, increasing level of alanine aminotransferase, and hemoglobin A1C (P < .05). Progression to NASH and/or fibrosis were also associated with increasing level of gamma-glutamyl transferase and development of type 2 diabetes (P < .01). Increasing level of gamma-glutamyl transferase also associated with reduced odds of any improvement (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: One-third of children with NAFLD enrolled in placebo groups of clinical trials had histologic features of progression within 2 years, in association with increasing obesity and serum levels of aminotransferases and loss of glucose homeostasis.

Published
2020
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2. Low and High Birth Weights are Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Author

Kimberly P. Newton, Haruna S. Feldman, Christina D. Chambers, Laura Wilson, Cynthia Behling, Jeanne M. Clark, Jean P. Molleston, Naga Chalasani, Arun J. Sanyal, Mark H. Fishbein, Joel E. Lavine, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Stephanie H. Abrams, Sarah Barlow, Ryan Himes, Rajesh Krisnamurthy, Leanel Maldonado, Rory Mahabir, April Carr, Kimberlee Bernstein, Kristin Bramlage, Kim Cecil, Stephanie DeVore, Rohit Kohli, Kathleen Lake, Daniel Podberesky, Alex Towbin, Stavra Xanthakos, Daniela Allende, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Arthur J. McCullough, Mangesh Pagadala, Rish Pai, Cha'Ron Winston, Gerald Behr, Jay H. Lefkowitch, Ali Mencin, Elena Reynoso, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Mustafa Bashir, Stephanie Buie, Anna Mae Diehl, Cynthia Guy, Christopher Kigongo, David Malik, Yi-Ping Pan, Dawn Piercy, Mariko Kopping, Tyler Thrasher, Adina Alazraki, Rebecca Cleeton, Maria Cordero, Albert Hernandez, Saul Karpen, Jessica Cruz Munos, Nicholas Raviele, Miriam Vos, Molly Bozic, Oscar W. Cummings, Samer Gawrieh, Ann Klipsch, Emily Ragozzino, Linda Ragozzino, Kumar Sandrasegaran, Girish Subbarao, Raj Vuppalanchi, Laura Walker, Kimberly Kafka, Ann Scheimann, Joy Ito, Saeed Mohammad, Cynthia Rigsby, Lisa Sharda, Peter F. Whitington, Theresa Cattoor, Jose Derdoy, Janet Freebersyser, Ajay Jain, Debra King, Jinping Lai, Pat Osmack, Joan Siegner, Susan Stewart, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, Susan Torretta, Kristina Wriston, Fereshteh Assadian, Vanessa Barone, Maria Cardona Gonzalez, Jodie Davila, Oren Fix, Kelly Anne Hennessey, Kris V. Kowdley, Kacie Lopez, Erik Ness, Michelle Poitevin, Nicholas Procaccini, Brook Quist, Alana Saddic, Cara Wiseman, Matthew Yeh, Susan S. Baker, Diana Lopez-Graham, Sonja Williams, Lixin Zhu, Jonathan Africa, Brandon Ang, Hannah Awai, Archana Bhatt, Craig Bross, Jennifer Collins, Janis Durelle, Kathryn Harlow, Rohit Loomba, Michael Middleton, Kimberly Newton, Melissa Paiz, Claude Sirlin, Patricia Ugalde-Nicalo, Mariana Dominguez Villarreal, Bradley Aouizerat, Nathan M. Bass, Danielle Brandman, Jesse Courtier, Linda D. Ferrell, Natasha Feier, Ryan Gill, Bilal Hameed, Camille Langlois, Jacqueline Maher, Emily Rothbaum Perito, Claudia Ramos, Philip Rosenthal, Norah Terrault, Patrika Tsai, Ashley Ungermann, Pradeep Atla, Brandon Croft, Rebekah Garcia, Sonia Garcia, Muhammad Sheikh, Mandeep Singh, Kara Cooper, Simon Horslen, Evelyn Hsu, Karen Murray, Randolph Otto, Melissa Young, Sherry Boyett, Laura Carucci, Melissa J. Contos, Sherri Kirwin, Kenneth Kraft, Velimir A.C. Luketic, Puneet Puri, Jolene Schlosser, Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Kathryn Fowler, David E. Kleiner, Sherry Brown, Edward C. Doo, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Patricia R. Robuck, Averell Sherker, Rebecca Torrance, Patricia Belt, Michele Donithan, Erin Hallinan, Milana Isaacson, Kevin P. May, Laura Miriel, Alice Sternberg, James Tonascia, Mark Van Natta, and Katherine Yates

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, Cross-sectional study, Biopsy, Birth weight, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, Infant, Postmature, Fetal Development, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Epidemiology, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, education, Child, education.field_of_study, Obstetrics, business.industry, Infant, Low Birth Weight, medicine.disease, Obesity, United States, Low birth weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Liver, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index
Abstract

To examine the distribution of birth weight in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared with the general US population, and to investigate the relationship between birth weight and severity of NAFLD.A multicenter, cross-sectional study of children with biopsy-proven NAFLD enrolled in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network Database. Birth weight was categorized as low birth weight (LBW), normal birth weight (NBW), or high birth weight (HBW) and compared with the birth weight distribution in the general US population. The severity of liver histology was assessed by birth weight category.Children with NAFLD (n = 538) had overrepresentation of both LBW and HBW compared with the general US population (LBW, 9.3%; NBW, 75.8%; HBW, 14.9% vs LBW, 6.1%; NBW, 83.5%; HBW 10.5%; P .0001). Children with HBW had significantly greater odds of having more severe steatosis (OR, 1.82, 95% CI. 1.15-2.88) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.21-3.40) compared with children with NBW. In addition, children with NAFLD and LBW had significantly greater odds of having advanced fibrosis (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.08-4.62).Birth weight involves maternal and in utero factors that may have long-lasting consequences. Children with both LBW and HBW may be at increased risk for developing NAFLD. Among children with NAFLD, those with LBW or HBW appear to be at increased risk for more severe disease.

Published
2017

3. Increased Parenchymal Damage and Steatohepatitis in Caucasian Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Common IL1B and IL6 Polymorphisms

Author

Rohit Kohli, Manal Abdelmalek, Jeffrey Schwimmer, Adina Alazraki, Jeanne Clark, Kim Cecil, Kimberly Noble, Saeed Mohammad, Daniel Podberesky, Ryan Himes, Kathryn Fowler, Gerald Behr, Cynthia Rigsby, and Simon Horslen

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Cirrhosis, Genotype, Biopsy, Interleukin-1beta, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Gastroenterology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Medicine, Mallory body, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Allele, Alleles, Hepatology, business.industry, Interleukin-6, Fatty liver, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Logistic Models, Liver, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Steatohepatitis, Steatosis, business
Abstract

SummaryBackground Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex, multifactorial disease affected by diet, lifestyle and genetics. Proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-6 have been shown to be elevated in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Aim To investigate the relationship between IL1B and IL6 gene polymorphisms and histological features of NAFLD in the NASH CRN cohort. Methods A total of 604 adult (≥18 years) non-Hispanic Caucasians with biopsy-proven NAFLD were genotyped for the following SNPs: IL1B, rs16944, rs1143634; IL6, rs1800795, rs10499563. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between genotype and a definitive diagnosis and advanced histological features of NASH after controlling for the following variables selected a priori: age, sex, diabetes, obesity and HOMA-IR level. Results The IL6 rs10499563 C allele was independently associated with the presence of definitive NASH, and increased ballooning and Mallory bodies. The IL1B rs1143634 TT genotype was associated with advanced fibrosis and increased Mallory bodies. The IL6 rs1800795 C allele was associated with not only increased risk for severe steatosis, >66% but also decreased risk for advanced fibrosis and lobular inflammation and Mallory body formation. Conclusions These results suggest that common variants in the IL6 and IL1B genes may increase susceptibility for NASH and confer a higher risk of hepatic parenchymal damage including increased ballooning, increased Mallory bodies, and bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. In contrast, the IL6 rs1800795 C allele may confer a higher risk for steatosis, but less parenchymal damage. Our findings support the development of therapeutics aimed at IL-1β and IL-6 suppression.

Published
2016

4. In Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Zone 1 Steatosis Is Associated With Advanced Fibrosis

Author

Jonathan A. Africa, Cynthia A. Behling, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Nan Zhang, Yunjun Luo, Alan Wells, Jiayi Hou, Patricia H. Belt, Rohit Kohil, Joel E. Lavine, Jean P. Molleston, Kimberly P. Newton, Peter F. Whitington, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Stephanie H. Abrams, Sarah Barlow, Ryan Himes, Rajesh Krisnamurthy, Leanel Maldonado, Rory Mahabir, April Carr, Kimberlee Bernstein, Kristin Bramlage, Kim Cecil, Stephanie DeVore, Rohit Kohli, Kathleen Lake, Daniel Podberesky, Alex Towbin, Stavra Xanthakos, Gerald Behr, Jay H. Lefkowitch, Ali Mencin, Elena Reynoso, Adina Alazraki, Rebecca Cleeton, Maria Cordero, Albert Hernandez, Saul Karpen, Jessica Cruz Munos, Nicholas Raviele, Miriam Vos, Molly Bozic, Oscar W. Cummings, Ann Klipsch, Emily Ragozzino, Kumar Sandrasegaran, Girish Subbarao, Laura Walker, Kimberly Kafka, Ann Scheimann, Joy Ito, Mark H. Fishbein, Saeed Mohammad, Cynthia Rigsby, Lisa Sharda, Theresa Cattoor, Jose Derdoy, Janet Freebersyser, Ajay Jain, Debra King, Jinping Lai, Pat Osmack, Joan Siegner, Susan Stewart, Susan Torretta, Kristina Wriston, Susan S. Baker, Diana Lopez–Graham, Sonja Williams, Lixin Zhu, Jonathan Africa, Hannah Awai, Cynthia Behling, Craig Bross, Jennifer Collins, Janis Durelle, Kathryn Harlow, Michael Middleton, Kimberly Newton, Melissa Paiz, Claude Sirlin, Patricia Ugalde-Nicalo, Mariana Dominguez Villarreal, Bradley Aouizerat, Jesse Courtier, Linda D. Ferrell, Natasha Feier, Ryan Gill, Camille Langlois, Emily Rothbaum Perito, Philip Rosenthal, Patrika Tsai, Kara Cooper, Simon Horslen, Evelyn Hsu, Karen Murray, Randolph Otto, Matthew Yeh, Melissa Young, and Kathryn Fowler

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Biopsy, Gastroenterology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Internal medicine, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, medicine, Humans, Child, Hepatology, business.industry, Histocytochemistry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Baseline data, medicine.disease, Fibrosis, Response to treatment, Obesity, Hepatitis C, digestive system diseases, Advanced fibrosis, Fatty Liver, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Liver, Disease Progression, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Steatosis, Steatohepatitis, business, Body mass index
Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Focal zone 1 steatosis, although rare in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), does occur in children with NAFLD. We investigated whether focal zone 1 steatosis and focal zone 3 steatosis are distinct subphenotypes of pediatric NAFLD. We aimed to determine associations between the zonality of steatosis and demographic, clinical, and histologic features in children with NAFLD. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of baseline data from 813 children (age less than 18 years; mean age, 12.8±2.7 years). The subjects had biopsy-proven NAFLD and were enrolled in the NASH Clinical Research Network. Liver histology was reviewed using the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network scoring system. RESULTS: Zone 1 steatosis was present in 18% of children with NAFLD (n=146) and zone 3 steatosis was present in 32% (n=244). Children with zone 1 steatosis were significantly younger (10 vs 14 years; P

Published
2016

5. Clinically Actionable Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author

Kathryn E. Harlow, Jonathan A. Africa, Alan Wells, Patricia H. Belt, Cynthia A. Behling, Ajay K. Jain, Jean P. Molleston, Kimberly P. Newton, Philip Rosenthal, Miriam B. Vos, Stavra A. Xanthakos, Joel E. Lavine, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Stephanie H. Abrams, Sarah Barlow, Ryan Himes, Rajesh Krisnamurthy, Leanel Maldonado, Rory Mahabir, April Carr, Kimberlee Bernstein, Kristin Bramlage, Kim Cecil, Stephanie DeVore, Rohit Kohli, Kathleen Lake, Daniel Podberesky, Alex Towbin, Gerald Behr, Jay H. Lefkowitch, Ali Mencin, Elena Reynoso, Adina Alazraki, Rebecca Cleeton, Maria Cordero, Albert Hernandez, Saul Karpen, Jessica Cruz Munos, Nicholas Raviele, Molly Bozic, Oscar W. Cummings, Ann Klipsch, Emily Ragozzino, Kumar Sandrasegaran, Girish Subbarao, Laura Walker, Kimberly Kafka, Ann Scheimann, Joy Ito, Mark H. Fishbein, Saeed Mohammad, Cynthia Rigsby, Lisa Sharda, Peter F. Whitington, Theresa Cattoor, Jose Derdoy, Janet Freebersyser, Debra King, Jinping Lai, Pat Osmack, Joan Siegner, Susan Stewart, Susan Torretta, Kristina Wriston, Susan S. Baker, Diana Lopez-Graham, Sonja Williams, Lixin Zhu, Hannah Awai, Craig Bross, Jennifer Collins, Janis Durelle, Michael Middleton, Melissa Paiz, Claude Sirlin, Patricia Ugalde-Nicalo, Mariana Dominguez Villarreal, Bradley Aouizerat, Jesse Courtier, Linda D. Ferrell, Natasha Feier, Ryan Gill, Camille Langlois, Emily Rothbaum Perito, Patrika Tsai, Kara Cooper, Simon Horslen, Evelyn Hsu, Karen Murray, Randolph Otto, Matthew Yeh, Melissa Young, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Kathryn Fowler, David E. Kleiner, Sherry Brown, Edward C. Doo, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Patricia R. Robuck, Averell Sherker, Rebecca Torrance, Jeanne M. Clark, Michele Donithan, Erin Hallinan, Milana Isaacson, Kevin P. May, Laura Miriel, Alice Sternberg, James Tonascia, Mark Van Natta, Laura Wilson, and Katherine Yates

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, medicine.drug_class, Hypercholesterolemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Intervention (counseling), Diabetes mellitus, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Humans, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Life Style, Triglycerides, Hypertriglyceridemia, business.industry, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Diet, Clinical research, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Dietary modifications, Dyslipidemia
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To determine the percentage of children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in whom intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides was indicated based on National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines. STUDY DESIGN:This multicenter, longitudinal cohort study included children with NAFLD enrolled in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network. Fasting lipid profiles were obtained at diagnosis. Standardized dietary recommendations were provided. After 1 year, lipid profiles were repeated and interpreted according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction. Main outcomes were meeting criteria for clinically actionable dyslipidemia at baseline, and either achieving lipid goal at follow-up or meeting criteria for ongoing intervention. RESULTS:There were 585 participants, with a mean age of 12.8 years. The prevalence of children warranting intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline was 14%. After 1 year of recommended dietary changes, 51% achieved goal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 27% qualified for enhanced dietary and lifestyle modifications, and 22% met criteria for pharmacologic intervention. Elevated triglycerides were more prevalent, with 51% meeting criteria for intervention. At 1 year, 25% achieved goal triglycerides with diet and lifestyle changes, 38% met criteria for advanced dietary modifications, and 37% qualified for antihyperlipidemic medications. CONCLUSIONS:More than one-half of children with NAFLD met intervention thresholds for dyslipidemia. Based on the burden of clinically relevant dyslipidemia, lipid screening in children with NAFLD is warranted. Clinicians caring for children with NAFLD should be familiar with lipid management.

Published
2018
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6. The role of height-associated loci identified in genome wide association studies in the determination of pediatric stature

Author

Frackelton Edward C, Deliard Sandra, Garris Maria L, Thomas Kelly A, Keating Brendan J, Hou Cuiping, Glessner Joseph T, Kim Cecilia E, Sleiman Patrick M, Wang Kai, Mentch Frank D, Zhang Haitao, Bradfield Jonathan P, Li Mingyao, Zhao Jianhua, Otieno F George, Chiavacci Rosetta M, Berkowitz Robert I, Hakonarson Hakon, and Grant Struan FA

Subjects
Internal medicine, RC31-1245, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Human height is considered highly heritable and correlated with certain disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Despite environmental influences, genetic factors are known to play an important role in stature determination. A number of genetic determinants of adult height have already been established through genome wide association studies. Methods To examine 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to the 46 previously reported genomic loci for height in 8,184 European American children with height measurements. We leveraged genotyping data from our ongoing GWA study of height variation in children in order to query the 51 SNPs in this pediatric cohort. Results Sixteen of these SNPs yielded at least nominally significant association to height, representing fifteen different loci including EFEMP1-PNPT1, GPR126, C6orf173, SPAG17, Histone class 1, HLA class III and GDF5-UQCC. Other loci revealed no evidence for association, including HMGA1 and HMGA2. For the 16 associated variants, the genotype score explained 1.64% of the total variation for height z-score. Conclusion Among 46 loci that have been reported to associate with adult height to date, at least 15 also contribute to the determination of height in childhood.

Published
2010
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