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Simple Summary Cancer patients may have increased risk from COVID-19 due to impaired fitness and immunosuppression secondary to underlying cancer and the effects of anti-cancer treatments. We previously demonstrated that solid cancer and anti-cancer treatments may be associated with increased death following COVID-19 in an analysis of patients treated in our London hospital during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March to May 2020). The United Kingdom experienced a second peak of COVID-19 hospitalizations during December 2020 to February 2021. We aimed to compare the outcomes between patients with solid cancer presenting to our hospital during the first and second peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine if cancer and anti-cancer treatments were still risk factors for death. We found lower overall deaths in our hospital during the second peak. Metastatic cancer and anti-cancer treatments were risk factors for worse outcomes following COVID-19 in patients with cancer. Abstract An increased mortality risk was observed in patients with cancer during the first wave of COVID-19. Here, we describe determinants of mortality in patients with solid cancer comparing the first and second waves of COVID-19. A retrospective analysis encompassing two waves of COVID-19 (March–May 2020; December 2020–February 2021) was performed. 207 patients with cancer were matched to 452 patients without cancer. Patient demographics and oncological variables such as cancer subtype, staging and anti-cancer treatment were evaluated for association with COVID-19 mortality. Overall mortality was lower in wave two compared to wave one, HR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.30–0.56). In patients with cancer, mortality was 43.6% in wave one and 15.9% in wave two. In hospitalized patients, after adjusting for age, ethnicity and co-morbidities, a history of cancer was associated with increased mortality in wave one but not wave two. In summary, the second UK wave of COVID-19 is associated with lower mortality in hospitalized patients. A history of solid cancer was not associated with increased mortality despite the dominance of the more transmissible B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant. In both waves, metastatic disease and systemic anti-cancer treatment appeared to be independent risk factors for death within the combined cancer cohort.

We sought to determine parameters of the acute phase response, a feature of innate immunity activated by infectious noxae and cancer, deranged by Covid-19 and establish oncological indices’ prognostic potential for patients with concomitant cancer and Covid-19. Between 27/02 and 23/06/2020, OnCovid retrospectively accrued 1,318 consecutive referrals of patients with cancer and Covid-19 aged 18 from the U.K., Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Germany. Patients with myeloma, leukemia, or insufficient data were excluded. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), and prognostic index (PI) were evaluated for their prognostic potential, with the NLR, PLR, and PNI risk stratifications dichotomized around median values and the pre-established risk categorizations from literature utilized for the mGPS and PI. 1,071 eligible patients were randomly assorted into a training set (TS, n=529) and validation set (VS, n=542) matched for age (67.9±13.3 TS, 68.5±13.5 VS), presence of 1 comorbidity (52.1% TS, 49.8% VS), development of 1 Covid-19 complication (27% TS, 25.9% VS), and active malignancy at Covid-19 diagnosis (66.7% TS, 61.6% VS). Among all 1,071 patients, deceased patients tended to categorize into poor risk groups for the NLR, PNI, mGPS, and PI (P6 (44.6% vs 28%, P6 30 days 95%CI 1-63, PNI Citation Format: Gino M. Dettorre, Saoirse Dolly, Angela Loizidou, John Chester, Amanda Jackson, Uma Mukherjee, Alberto Zambelli, Juan Aguilar-Company, Mark Bower, Christopher C. T. Sng, Ramon Salazar, Alexia Bertuzzi, Joan Brunet, Ricard Mesia, Ailsa Sita-Lumsden, Elia Seguí, Federica Biello, Daniele Generali, Salvatore Grisanti, Pavetha Seeva, Gianpiero Rizzo, Michela Libertini, Antonio Maconi, Charlotte Moss, Beth Russell, Josep Tabernero, Nadia Harbeck, Bruno Vincenzi, Rossella Bertulli, Diego Ottaviani, Andrea Marrari, M. Carmen Carmona-García, Neha Chopra, Carlo Tondini, Oriol Mirallas, Valeria Tovazzi, Vittoria Fotia, Claudia A. Cruz, Nadia Saoudi-Gonzalez, Eudald Felip, Lorenza Scotti, Alvin J. X. Lee, Thomas Newsom-Davis, Andrea Patriarca, Lorenza Rimassa, Armando Santoro, Alessandra Gennari, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Nikolaos Diamantis, David J. Pinato. The acute phase response identifies cancer patients with adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection as quantified by the OnCovid Inflammatory Score [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr S01-03.

Background: Despite high contagiousness and rapid spread, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to heterogeneous outcomes across affected nations. Within Europe (EU), the United Kingdom (UK) is the most severely affected country, with a death toll in excess of 100,000 as of January 2021. We aimed to compare the national impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the risk of death in UK patients with cancer versus those in continental EU. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the OnCovid study database, a European registry of patients with cancer consecutively diagnosed with COVID-19 in 27 centres from 27th February to 10th September 2020. We analysed case fatality rates and risk of death at 30 days and 6 months stratified by region of origin (UK versus EU). We compared patient characteristics at baseline including oncological and COVID-19-specific therapy across UKand EU cohorts and evaluated the association of these factors with the risk of adverse out-comes in multivariable Cox regression models Findings: Compared with EU (n = 924), UK patients (n = 468) were characterised by higher case fatality rates (40.38% versus 26.5%, p < 0.0001) and higher risk of death at 30 days (haz-ard ratio [HR], 1.64 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.36-1.99]) and 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis (47.64% versus 33.33%; p < 0.0001; HR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.33-1.88]). UK patients were more often men, were of older age and have more comorbidities than EU counterparts (p < 0.01). Receipt of anticancer therapy was lower in UK than in EU patients (p < 0.001). Despite equal proportions of complicated COVID-19, rates of intensive care admission and use of mechanical ventilation, UK patients with cancer were less likely to receive anti-COVID-19 therapies including corticosteroids, antivirals and inter leukin-6 antagonists (p < 0.0001). Multivariable analyses adjusted for imbalanced prognostic factors confirmed the UK cohort to be characterised by worse risk of death at 30 days and 6 months, indepen-dent of the patient's age, gender, tumour stage and status; number of comorbidities; COVID-19 severity and receipt of anticancer and anti-COVID-19 therapy. Rates of permanent cessa-tion of anticancer therapy after COVID-19 were similar in the UK and EU cohorts. Interpretation: UK patients with cancer have been more severely impacted by the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic despite societal risk mitigation factors and rapid deferral of anti-cancer therapy. The increased frailty of UK patients with cancer highlights high-risk groups that should be prioritised for anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Continued evaluation of long-term outcomes is warranted. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic remains a pressing concern to patients with cancer as countries enter the second peak of the pandemic and beyond. It remains unclear whether cancer and its treatment contribute an independent risk for mortality in COVID-19.MethodsWe included patients at a London tertiary hospital with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. All patients with a history of solid cancer were included. Age- and sex-matched patients without cancer were randomly selected. Patients with hematological malignancies were excluded.ResultsWe identified 94 patients with cancer, matched to 226 patients without cancer. After adjusting for age, ethnicity, and co-morbidities, patients with cancer had increased mortality following COVID-19 (HR 1.57, 95% CI:1.04–2.4, p = 0.03). Increasing age (HR 1.49 every 10 years, 95% CI:1.25–1.8, p < 0.001), South Asian ethnicity (HR 2.92, 95% CI:1.73–4.9, p < 0.001), and cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.93, 95% CI:1.18–3.2, p = 0.008) also predicted mortality. Within the cancer cohort, systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) within 60 days of COVID-19 diagnosis was an independent risk factor for mortality (HR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.16–4.6, p = 0.02).ConclusionsAlong with known risk factors, cancer and SACT confer an independent risk for mortality following COVID-19. Further studies are needed to understand the socio-economic influences and pathophysiology of these associations.

We describe the outcomes in cancer patients during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 in Europe from the retrospective, multi-center observational OnCovid study. We identified 204 cancer patients from eight centers in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain aged &gt, 18 (mean = 69) and diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 26th and April 1st, 2020. A total of 127 (62%) were male, 184 (91%) had a diagnosis of solid malignancy, and 103 (51%) had non-metastatic disease. A total of 161 (79%) had &gt, 1 co-morbidity. A total of 141 (69%) patients had &gt, 1 COVID-19 complication. A total of 36 (19%) were escalated to high-dependency or intensive care. A total of 59 (29%) died, 53 (26%) were discharged, and 92 (45%) were in-hospital survivors. Mortality was higher in patients aged &gt, 65 (36% versus 16%), in those with &gt, 2 co-morbidities (40% versus 18%) and developing &gt, 1 complication from COVID-19 (38% versus 4%, p = 0.004). Multi-variable analyses confirmed age &gt, 65 and &gt, 2 co-morbidities to predict for patient mortality independent of tumor stage, active malignancy, or anticancer therapy. During the early outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Europe co-morbid burden and advancing age predicted for adverse disease course in cancer patients. The ongoing OnCovid study will allow us to compare risks and outcomes in cancer patients between the initial and later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background Systemic inflammation is a unifying mechanism common to cancer progression and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mortality from Covid-19 strongly relates to systemic inflammatory reaction to SARS-CoV-2. We sought to determine whether inflammatory biomarkers can identify poor outcome in cancer patients with Covid-19. Methods Between 27/02 and 23/06/2020, OnCovid retrospectively accrued 1,318 consecutive Covid-19-infected cancer patients aged >18 from 25 academic centers in the U.K., Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium. Patients with leukemia, myeloma or insufficient data were excluded. We tested neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), and prognostic index (PI) as prognostic biomarkers. NLR, PLR and PNI were dichotomized around their medians. Results 1,071 eligible patients were sorted into a training set (TS, n=529) and validation set (VS, n=542). TS and VS were matched by age (67.9±13.3 TS, 68.5±13.5 VS), active malignancy at Covid-19 diagnosis (66.7% TS, 61.6% VS), presence of >1 comorbidity (52.1% TS, 49.8% VS) and prevalence of complications including respiratory failure (58.0% TS, 59.0% VS) and ARDS (11.5% TS, 12.9% VS). In the TS, higher mortality rates were associated with NLR>6 (44.6% vs 28%, p 6 30 days 95%CI 1-63, PNI

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic remains of pressing concern for patients with cancer Mortality from COVID-19 is predicted by age and co-morbidities, but the relative contribution of cancer is poorly understood As a tertiary academic hospital serving a large general and cancer population in a COVID-19 epicentre, we are uniquely placed to investigate this We report data from our study, comparing cancer patients to an age- and sex-matched non-cancer cohort Methods: Patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 from 1 March to 31 May 2020 were included Patients with a history of solid cancer were compared to an age- and sex-matched non-cancer cohort Patients with haematological malignancies were excluded Results: We identified 94 patients with cancer and 226 patients without cancer In univariate analysis, age, South Asian ethnicity and co-morbidities predicted mortality (see table) More in the cancer cohort had died compared to the non-cancer cohort (43 6% vs 34 1%) The higher mortality among cancer patients was statistically significant among those aged 70 years and above (OR 2 28, 1 14-4 50, p = 0 02) After adjusting for age, ethnicity and co-morbidities, a history of cancer was an independent predictor of mortality following COVID-19 (HR 1 57, 95% CI:1 04-2 4, p = 0 03) Patients with active malignancy also had similarly increased adjusted mortality (HR 1 64, 95% CI: 1 03 – 2 6, p = 0 04) Increasing age (HR 1 49 every 10 years, 95% CI:1 25-1 8, p

Background The COVID-19 (C19) pandemic has prompted alterations to systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) due to concerns of immunosuppression and healthcare exposure. However, the effects of SACT on mortality in patients who acquire C19 are not well understood. As a national cancer centre within a major C19 hotspot, we seek to address these risks at scale. Methods Patients with a history of solid cancers and laboratory confirmed C19 (1 Mar to 31 May 2020) were included. Haematological malignancies were excluded. The primary outcome was time from C19 diagnosis to death. The last follow-up date was 22 Jun 2020. Results We identified 94 cancer patients; 62 males (median age 73, BMI 24.9), and 32 females (median age 68.5, BMI 25.7). Genitourinary (n = 24) cancers were the most common, followed by gastrointestinal (n = 23), thoracic (n = 15), and gynaecological (n = 9) cancers. 25 patients received SACT: chemotherapy (n = 15), endocrine therapy (n = 8), immunotherapy (n = 4), and targeted anti-cancer therapy (n = 2). 16 patients received SACT with palliative intent. Patients on SACT had a greater incidence of metastatic disease (48.0% vs 10.6%, p