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In the present case, subsequent magnetic resonance angiography revealed a rapid reduction of the diameter in the proximal right ICA, and cerebral angiography revealed an abnormal vascular network (Moyamoya vessels) at the right middle cerebral artery (Figure 1C and D). Graph: Figure 1. class="chapter-para">(A, B; color doppler) Carotid artery ultrasonography revealed a rapid reduction of the diameter at the proximal portion of the right internal carotid artery. A 50-year-old man with a history of hypertension was presented to our hospital because of carotid artery stenosis indicated by a medical checkup. [Extracted from the article]

A 32-year-old woman with Marfan syndrome was presented to our hospital for a pre-operative examination of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. Magnetic resonance angiography of extracranial vessels revealed abnormal meandering of the right internal carotid and bilateral vertebral arteries (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance angiography of neck revealed the right internal carotid artery redundancy creating an S-shaped curve and bilateral vertebral arteries with S- and C-shaped elongation. [Extracted from the article]