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© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. This article presents a time-domain waveform model developed to characterize pulsed, nonlinear, current waveforms resulting in electromagnetic interference on static energy meters. The waveform model is calculated by fitting the sampled waveform data into a linear piece-wise function through a process that involves applying algorithms of pulse extraction, change-point detection, and redundancy elimination. The model is applied to data from laboratory experiments that have indicated critical current waveforms resulting in electromagnetic interference problems with static meters. Afterwards, the parameters of the modeled waveforms are calculated in order to correlate them to metering errors. The most relevant parameters that are correlated to significant errors are the maximum slope, crest factor, pulse duration, and charge. The waveform model provides an accurate description of the complex nonlinear waveforms through simplified analytical expressions that reproduce the significant features of the interfering waveforms. This waveform modeling approach could be used to standardize the artificial test signals that are representative of realistic devices and scenarios.

Electromagnetic Compatibility for Space Systems Design is a critical scholarly resource that examines the applications of electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference in the space industry. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics, such as magnetometers, electromagnetic environmental effects, and electromagnetic shielding, this book is geared toward managers, engineers, and researchers seeking current research on the applications of electromagnetic technologies in the aerospace field

A novel measurement and post-processing technique for estimating if impulsive noise is capable of degrading the performance of digital communication systems (DCS) is presented. It is based on the well-known capability of the amplitude probability distribution (APD) to estimate the bit-error-rate of digital communication system in the presence of electromagnetic interferences. However, the APD shall be computed from measurements taken in the absence of the useful signal of the communication system, which is a strong handicap for in-situ measurements. The main contribution of the work presented is the combination of time domain EMI measurements and decomposition techniques for separating the impulsive noise from the narrow band signals of the digital communication systems. Therefore, although the communication system signal is present at the test site, the APD diagram is obtained without the influence of the communication system, which is crucial to directly relate the shape of the diagram with the bit-error-rate introduced by the impulsive noise. This is an important step forward compared with the traditional approach as it offers the possibility to study the impact of impulsive interferences although DCS, such as broadcasting services, are present at interference scenarios.

It is difficult to properly evaluate the electromagnetic disturbances generated by large fixed installations because of, i.e., the background noise, unsteady emissions and transient interferences. Those challenging EMC issues have been recently studied in European research projects on improved test methods in industrial environments. In order to overcome traditional in-situ EMI measurement troubles, a novel time-domain methodology is proposed and used in a real fixed installation with large machinery. Firstly, a comparison between the developed measurement system, using an oscilloscope, and an EMI receiver is done in some test-cases for validation purposes. After verifying the accuracy of the measurements, we proceed with the measurement campaign applying the full time-domain methodology. The main benefits of employing the time-domain system are emphasised through the results. It was observed that the some remarkable advantages of the time-domain approach are: triggering by disturbance events, extremely reduce the capturing time, identify on real time the worst emissions modes of the EUT, avoid changes at the background noise and perform simultaneous multichannel synchronous measurements.

This paper presents a measurement system intended to be used to assets the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) in both time and frequency domains. In order to keep the measurement setup as accessible and practical as possible, the direct measurements are recorded with a general purpose digital oscilloscope and processed with a commonly available personal computer. The measurement system was validated for radiated emissions testing using well-known, controlled transient and continuous signals emulating typical interferences. The results are in satisfactory agreement with those provided by a conventional EMI receiver for different types of detectors. The proposed approach shows that, currently, it is possible to implement a timesaving, accurate and generally inexpensive time domain measurement system for radiated emissions that is capable to overcome the limitations of the superheterodyne EMI receivers regarding the measurement of discontinuous electromagnetic disturbances and also able to provide additional enhanced features to evaluate and troubleshoot EMI problems

—In this paper a new methodology for the prediction of the conducted-emission propagation in an in-house power- line network is presented. This methodology is based on the modal S -parameter characterization of the devices present in the power-line network, as well as on the modal modeling of branch- line connections. The modal S parameters relate common- and di ff erential-mode waves, and give more information regarding interference propagation. With this methodology, common- and di ff erential-mode attenuations, and modal conversion between common and di ff erential modes can be accurately predicted, which is of great interest for power-line communication devel- opment and conducted-emission mitigation. This methodology is tested by accurately predicting the interference levels up to 100 MHz of an in-house power-line network composed by thermal- magnetic circuit breakers, residual-current circuit breakers, single-phase wires and light bulbs.

In this paper, a measurement procedure to capture properly the electromagnetic fields generated by radiated transient interferences is described. Measuring this type of impulsive noise out of the measurements defined at the EMC standards is essential to acquire the main parameters of the interferences. In order to protect the digital communication systems against radiated transients, the essential measurement requirements, considering the transient characteristics and the communication system parameters, have been established. To accomplish with the requirements, a time-domain measuring procedure combining the sensitivity input stage of an EMI receiver and the capabilities of the oscilloscope for event detection and storage is developed. Moreover, a final postprocessing stage has been also defined to obtain the in-phase and quadrature components of the interference as well as the capability to find the APD diagram, which is a powerful tool to analyse the degradation produced to a communication system. Finally, a measurement of radiated transients considering the impact over a RFID system is performed to illustrate the results that can be achieved employing the developed methodology.

Measurement of electromagnetic interference has been performed in the past by EMI receivers operating in the frequency domain. Particularly, to measure discontinuous disturbances (clicks), an EMI receiver connected to a disturbance analyzer is needed. The EMI receiver is used to measure the interference in a particular frequency. At the output of the intermediate frequency, the analyzer is connected for the clicks' evaluation. The measurement is repeated at four frequencies. This disturbance analysis can take up to 16 hours for the click evaluation of one device under test. Measurements of electromagnetic interference in the time-domain allow reducing the scan time in comparison to EMI receivers. In this MSc project, a full-time domain EMI measurement system covering the frequency range 150 kHz - 30 MHz is proposed to measure emissions according to CISPR 16-1-1, and perform the discontinuous disturbance analysis as described by UNE 55014.

[ANGLÈS] The project tries to teach the basic aspects to bear in mind at the moment of designing hardware to minimize the problems related to electromagnetic interference. For it the knowledge acquired in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) will be used in order to solve the different kinds of problematic that arise in the design of layouts, could be the resistive interferences, the commutation of inductive loads, the capacitive coupling, the conductive interferences and the radiated interferences. To solve those problems, it has been decided to do the practices of Electromagnetic Compatibility contributing at the same time with new ideas on the design in order that the students who realize the practices could deal and learn these concepts and at the same time realize good designs. [CASTELLÀ] El proyecto trata de enseñar los aspectos básicos a tener en cuenta a la hora de diseñar hardware para minimizar los problemas relacionados con las interferencias electromagnéticas. Para ello se emplearán los conocimientos adquiridos en Compatibilidad Electromagnética (EMC) con el fin de resolver diferentes tipos de problemáticas que surgen en el diseño de layaouts ya sean las interferencias resistivas, la conmutación de cargas inductivas, el acoplamiento capacitivo, las interferencias conducidas y las interferencias radiadas. Para estudiar estas problemáticas se decidió hacer unas prácticas de laboratorio de Compatibilidad Electromagnética aportando ideas sobre el diseño para que los alumnos que realicen las prácticas puedan entender y aprender estos conceptos y sepan realizar buenos diseños. [CATALÀ] En el projecte es tracten diferents aspectes bàsics a tenir en compte a l’hora de dissenyar hardware per minimitzar els problemes relacionats amb les interferències electromagnètiques. Per aquest motiu s’utilitzaran diferents coneixements adquirits a Compatibilitat Electromagnètica (EMC) amb la finalitat de resoldre les diferents tipus de problemàtiques que sorgeixen en el disseny de layaouts ja siguin interferències del tipus resistiu, commutació de càrregues inductives, l’acoblament capacitiu, les interferències conduïdes o les radiades. Per a l’estudi d’aquestes problemàtiques es va decidir fer unes pràctiques de Compatibilitat Electromagnètica aportant idees al disseny per a que els alumnes que realitzin les pràctiques puguin entendre i aprendre aquests conceptes i sàpiguen realitzar bons dissenys.