1. Thirdhand smoke associations with the gut microbiomes of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: An observational study
- Author
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Northrup, Thomas F, Stotts, Angela L, Suchting, Robert, Matt, Georg E, Quintana, Penelope JE, Khan, Amir M, Green, Charles, Klawans, Michelle R, Johnson, Mary, Benowitz, Neal, Jacob, Peyton, Hoh, Eunha, Hovell, Melbourne F, and Stewart, Christopher J
- Subjects
Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Microbiome ,Lung ,Preterm ,Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Pediatric ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Prevention ,Tobacco ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Respiratory ,Good Health and Well Being ,Bayes Theorem ,Cotinine ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Humans ,Infant ,Newborn ,Intensive Care Units ,Neonatal ,RNA ,Ribosomal ,16S ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,Thirdhand smoke ,THS ,Gut microbiome ,Neonatal ICU ,NICU ,Breastmilk ,Tobacco toxicants ,Tobacco carcinogens ,Chemical Sciences ,Environmental Sciences ,Toxicology ,Biological sciences ,Chemical sciences ,Environmental sciences - Abstract
IntroductionMicrobiome differences have been found in adults who smoke cigarettes compared to non-smoking adults, but the impact of thirdhand smoke (THS; post-combustion tobacco residue) on hospitalized infants' rapidly developing gut microbiomes is unexplored. Our aim was to explore gut microbiome differences in infants admitted to a neonatal ICU (NICU) with varying THS-related exposure.MethodsForty-three mother-infant dyads (household member[s] smoke cigarettes, n = 32; no household smoking, n = 11) consented to a carbon monoxide-breath sample, bedside furniture nicotine wipes, infant-urine samples (for cotinine [nicotine's primary metabolite] assays), and stool collection (for 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing). Negative binomial regression modeled relative abundances of 8 bacterial genera with THS exposure-related variables (i.e., household cigarette use, surface nicotine, and infant urine cotinine), controlling for gestational age, postnatal age, antibiotic use, and breastmilk feeding. Microbiome-diversity outcomes were modeled similarly. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥75.0% were considered meaningful.ResultsA majority of infants (78%) were born pre-term. Infants from non-smoking homes and/or with lower NICU-furniture surface nicotine had greater microbiome alpha-diversity compared to infants from smoking households (PP ≥ 75.0%). Associations (with PP ≥ 75.0%) of selected bacterial genera with urine cotinine, surface nicotine, and/or household cigarette use were evidenced for 7 (of 8) modeled genera. For example, lower Bifidobacterium relative abundance associated with greater furniture nicotine (IRR
- Published
- 2021