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The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is recently gaining great attention in the road transport and automotive sectors as an attempt to bring in an emission-free world. EVs are considered a key to future clean transportation systems. However, these vehicles still suffer from limited battery capacity and range anxiety. Therefore, EVs manufacturers are focusing on reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In addition, research in the context of intelligent transportation systems embedding information and communication technologies are focusing on the optimization of the energy consumption as a valuable solution to foster the wide diffusion of EVs. In this article, we propose a simulation platform for eco-routing services based on estimating EV energy consumption to provide the most energy-efficient routes for the EV while traveling. We provide an energy map that can be used for eco-routing through a real-time data collection of the EV energy consumption. The energy map was established in the traffic simulator Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) to show the efficiency of the proposed eco-routing strategy compared to the other strategies based on establishing the fastest routes. This map will be exploited as good support, in the future, for advanced research on the EV concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are a promising research area that offers a variety of applications. The objective of these applications is to enhance road safety, to optimize traffic efficiency, and to provide a better driving experience. Yet, the efficiency of ITS applications, such as safety and driver assistance applications, relies essentially on the exchanged data between different entities of the network. Accordingly, trust management models are used to guarantee the quality of the data and to eliminate malicious and selfish nodes to secure vehicular communications. In this paper, we pay a special attention to the requirements of trust management models used in the context of ITS applications. We also dissected the trust model to extract the mechanisms used in the literature to fulfil the identified requirements. Furthermore, we present the most known simulators and evaluation metrics that are used to validate the proposed models. The aim of this study is to provide a global overview of the mechanisms that may be used to fulfil the crucial requirements of trust management models. For this purpose, we employed a systematic mapping study, through which we carefully analysed 60 selected articles. Through our analysis, five main requirements were identified: scalability, accuracy, robustness, privacy preservation, appropriate response time. Different mechanisms and techniques were applied to meet with the identified requirements. Two main findings are reported: (1) The accuracy and robustness requirements are the most considered requirements. On the other hand, the privacy requirement is the least covered by the publications, (2) the majority of the reviewed papers focus on addressing two or three requirements at most. A little number of publications covered all the requirements. Based on the identified research gaps, we highlight some future directions that may be investigated. We provide general recommendations that may serve as a guideline for researchers who want to design trust models that fulfil certain requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]