16 results on '"Cardoso, Pedro"'
Search Results
2. Scientists' warning on climate change and insects.
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Harvey, Jeffrey A., Tougeron, Kévin, Gols, Rieta, Heinen, Robin, Abarca, Mariana, Abram, Paul K., Basset, Yves, Berg, Matty, Boggs, Carol, Brodeur, Jacques, Cardoso, Pedro, de Boer, Jetske G., De Snoo, Geert R., Deacon, Charl, Dell, Jane E., Desneux, Nicolas, Dillon, Michael E., Duffy, Grant A., Dyer, Lee A., and Ellers, Jacintha
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GLOBAL warming ,INSECTS ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CLIMATE change ,SUSTAINABILITY ,COMMUNITIES ,FLOOD warning systems ,FIRE management - Abstract
Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates the harmful effects of other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms of threats to species preservation, as well as in the preservation of an array of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among the most affected groups of animals are insects—central components of many ecosystems—for which climate change has pervasive effects from individuals to communities. In this contribution to the scientists' warning series, we summarize the effect of the gradual global surface temperature increase on insects, in terms of physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and species interactions, as well as the effect of increased frequency and duration of extreme events such as hot and cold spells, fires, droughts, and floods on these parameters. We warn that, if no action is taken to better understand and reduce the action of climate change on insects, we will drastically reduce our ability to build a sustainable future based on healthy, functional ecosystems. We discuss perspectives on relevant ways to conserve insects in the face of climate change, and we offer several key recommendations on management approaches that can be adopted, on policies that should be pursued, and on the involvement of the general public in the protection effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Come to the dark side! The role of functional traits inshaping dark diversity patterns of south-easternEuropean hoverflies
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Miličić Marija, Popov Snežana, Vujić Ante, Ivošević Bojana, and Cardoso Pedro
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functional characteristics ,vegetation types ,missing species ,Disturbance ,insects ,Syrphidae ,richness - Abstract
1. Dark diversity represents the set of species that can potentially inhabita given area under particular ecological conditions, but are currently ‘missing’ from asite. This concept allows characterisation of the mechanisms determining why speciesare sometimes absent from an area that seems ecologically suitable for them.2. The aim of this study was to determine the dark diversity of hoverflies insouth-eastern Europe and to discuss the role of different functional traits that mightincrease the likelihood of species contributing to dark diversity. Based on expertopinion, the Syrph the Net database and known occurrences of species, the studyestimated species pools, and observed and dark diversities within each of 11 definedvegetation types for 564 hoverfly species registered in south-eastern Europe. To detectthe most important functional traits contributing to species being in dark diversity acrossdifferent vegetation types, a random forest algorithm and respective statistics for variableimportance were used.3. The highest dark diversity was found for southwest Balkan sub-Mediterraneanmixed oak forest type, whereas the lowest was in Mediterranean mixed forest type. Threelarval feeding modes (saproxylic, and phytophagous on bulbs or roots) were found to bemost important for determining the probability of a species contributing to hoverfly darkdiversity, based on univariate correlations and random forest analysis.4. This study shows that studying dark diversity might provide important insights intowhat drives community assembly in south-eastern European hoverflies, especially itsmissing components, and contributes to more precise conservation prioritisation of bothhoverfly species and their habitats.
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- 2020
4. Functional groups of hoverflies in Southeast Europe across different vegetation types.
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Miličić, Marija, Popov, Snežana, Jurca, Tamara, Cardoso, Pedro, Janković, Marina, Ačanski, Jelena, and Vujić, Ante
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FUNCTIONAL groups ,SYRPHIDAE ,MIXED forests ,BIODIVERSITY ,PLANT diversity - Abstract
To better understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, it is increasingly accepted that the focus of study needs to shift from taxonomic identity to the diversity of functional traits displayed by species within a community. Such an approach allows species to be grouped according to particular functional characteristics. Increasingly viewed as an extremely important group of model organisms, hoverflies have been the focus of a variety of ecological studies. Based on data regarding selected functional traits of hoverflies registered in Southeast Europe, the main aims of our study were to define hoverfly functional groups according to the similarity of these traits, as well as to compare the representation of delineated hoverfly functional groups among these vegetation types. We used fuzzy clustering to classify 568 SE European hoverfly species into five functional groups. The principle trait separating these functional groups was larval feeding type, followed by size of species range, flight ability, number of generations, inundation tolerance, and tolerance to human impact. For 9 of 11 vegetation types, the dominant functional group was characterized by species with good flight ability, having high human impact tolerance and more annual generations. The remaining two vegetation types, South‐west Balkan sub‐Mediterranean mixed oak forests and Mediterranean mixed forests, showed disparate dominance patterns, indicating that richness of functional groups is dependent on vegetation. Further investigation of whether and how established conservation measures enable recovery of the functional richness affected by habitat disturbance would help elucidate the importance of functional diversity in preserving biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. Come to the dark side! The role of functional traits in shaping dark diversity patterns of south‐eastern European hoverflies.
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Miličić, Marija, Popov, Snežana, Vujić, Ante, Ivošević, Bojana, and Cardoso, Pedro
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BULBS (Plants) ,RANDOM forest algorithms ,MIXED forests ,SPECIES pools ,SYRPHIDAE ,NUMBERS of species - Abstract
1. Dark diversity represents the set of species that can potentially inhabit a given area under particular ecological conditions, but are currently 'missing' from a site. This concept allows characterisation of the mechanisms determining why species are sometimes absent from an area that seems ecologically suitable for them. 2. The aim of this study was to determine the dark diversity of hoverflies in south‐eastern Europe and to discuss the role of different functional traits that might increase the likelihood of species contributing to dark diversity. Based on expert opinion, the Syrph the Net database and known occurrences of species, the study estimated species pools, and observed and dark diversities within each of 11 defined vegetation types for 564 hoverfly species registered in south‐eastern Europe. To detect the most important functional traits contributing to species being in dark diversity across different vegetation types, a random forest algorithm and respective statistics for variable importance were used. 3. The highest dark diversity was found for southwest Balkan sub‐Mediterranean mixed oak forest type, whereas the lowest was in Mediterranean mixed forest type. Three larval feeding modes (saproxylic, and phytophagous on bulbs or roots) were found to be most important for determining the probability of a species contributing to hoverfly dark diversity, based on univariate correlations and random forest analysis. 4. This study shows that studying dark diversity might provide important insights into what drives community assembly in south‐eastern European hoverflies, especially its missing components, and contributes to more precise conservation prioritisation of both hoverfly species and their habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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6. Taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages associated with the canopy-dominant trees of the Azorean native forest.
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Rego, Carla, Boieiro, Mário, Rigal, François, Ribeiro, Sérvio P., Cardoso, Pedro, and Borges, Paulo A. V.
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HERBIVORES ,BIOTIC communities ,INSECT diversity ,SPECIES diversity ,ANIMAL-plant relationships ,BIOLOGICAL invasions ,BOTANY - Abstract
Oceanic islands have been providing important insights on the structuring of ecological communities and, under the context of the present biodiversity crisis, they are paramount to assess the effects of biological invasions on community assembly. In this study we compare the taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages associated with the dominant tree species of Azorean native forests and investigate the ecological processes that may have originated current patterns of plant-herbivore associations. Five dominant trees—Erica azorica, Ilex perado subsp. azorica, Juniperus brevifolia, Laurus azorica and Vaccinium cylindraceum—were sampled in the remnants of the native forest of Terceira Island (Azores) using a standardised methodology. The taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages was assessed using complementary metrics and beta diversity partitioning analysis (species replacement and richness differences) aiming to evaluate the variation in insect herbivore assemblages within and between the study plant species. Sixty two insect species, mostly bugs (Hemiptera) and caterpillars (Lepidoptera), were found in the five study plants with indigenous (endemic and native non-endemic) insects occurring with higher species richness and abundance than introduced ones. Species replacement was the most important component of insect herbivore taxonomic beta diversity while differences in trait richness played a major role on functional beta diversity. The endemic E. azorica stands out from the other study plants by having associated a very distinct insect herbivore assemblage with a particular set of functional attributes, mainly composed by large bodied and long shaped species that feed by chewing. Despite the progressive biotic homogenization witnessed in the Azores during the last few decades, several strong associations between the endemic trees and their indigenous insect herbivores remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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7. Predicting a global insect apocalypse.
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Cardoso, Pedro and Leather, Simon R.
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APOCALYPSE , *INSECTS , *ACQUISITION of data , *GLOBAL studies - Abstract
The last 3 years have seen a global outbreak of media headlines predicting a global insect apocalypse and a subsequent collapse of natural ecosystems, a so‐called 'ecological armageddon' resulting in the demise of human civilisation as we know it. Despite the worrying implications of these papers, all studies on global insect extinction to date clearly reflect the Prestonian shortfall, the general lack of knowledge on the abundance of species and their trends in space and time.Data currently available concerning global insect abundance trends invariably suffer from phylogenetic, functional, habitat, spatial and temporal bias. Here, we suggest that to follow the real global changes in insect (and all other taxa) communities, biases or shortcomings in data collection must be avoided.An optimised scheme would maximise phylogenetic, functional, habitat, spatial and temporal coverage with minimum investment. Standardised sampling would provide primary data, on a first step in the form of abundance and biomass. Individuals would then be identified to species level whenever possible, with a morphospecies approach or genetics serving as intermediate steps, complementing or even final steps for non‐described species.If standardised abundance and ecological data can be readily made available, biodiversity trends can be tracked in real time and allow us to predict and prevent an impending global insect apocalypse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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8. New records of exotic spiders and insects to the Azores, and new data on recently introduced species
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Borges, Paulo A. V., Reut, Michal, Ponte, Nuno B., Quartau, José A., Fletcher, Murray, Sousa, António B., Pollet, Marc, Soares, António O., Marcelino, José, Rego, Carla, and Cardoso, Pedro
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Insects ,Arthropoda ,Spiders ,Azores - Abstract
The introduction of exotic species in islands is recognized as a major threat to native biota and ecosystems. In this contribution we list thirteen widespread exotic invertebrate species (two Araneae, one Orthoptera, four Hemiptera, four Coleoptera and two Diptera) that were recorded from the Azorean Islands in the last few years for the first time. In addition, we list another ten invertebrate species (two Araneae, one Orthoptera, two Phasmatodea, one Hemiptera, three Coleoptera and one Diptera) that expanded their known range in the archipelago. The pathways of entrance for species in the Azores, their impact on the local economy and biodiversity, as well as strategies to halt the introduction of alien species are discussed.
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- 2013
9. A comparative analysis of terrestrial arthropod assemblages from a relict forest unveils historical extinctions and colonization differences between two oceanic islands.
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Boieiro, Mário, Matthews, Thomas J., Rego, Carla, Crespo, Luis, Aguiar, Carlos A. S., Cardoso, Pedro, Rigal, François, Silva, Isamberto, Pereira, Fernando, Borges, Paulo A. V., and Serrano, Artur R. M.
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FOSSIL arthropods ,FOREST biodiversity ,HABITATS ,INTRODUCED species ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
During the last few centuries oceanic island biodiversity has been drastically modified by human-mediated activities. These changes have led to the increased homogenization of island biota and to a high number of extinctions lending support to the recognition of oceanic islands as major threatspots worldwide. Here, we investigate the impact of habitat changes on the spider and ground beetle assemblages of the native forests of Madeira (Madeira archipelago) and Terceira (Azores archipelago) and evaluate its effects on the relative contribution of rare endemics and introduced species to island biodiversity patterns. We found that the native laurel forest of Madeira supported higher species richness of spiders and ground beetles compared with Terceira, including a much larger proportion of indigenous species, particularly endemics. In Terceira, introduced species are well-represented in both terrestrial arthropod taxa and seem to thrive in native forests as shown by the analysis of species abundance distributions (SAD) and occupancy frequency distributions (OFD). Low abundance range-restricted species in Terceira are mostly introduced species dispersing from neighbouring man-made habitats while in Madeira a large number of true rare endemic species can still be found in the native laurel forest. Further, our comparative analysis shows striking differences in species richness and composition that are due to the geographical and geological particularities of the two islands, but also seem to reflect the differences in the severity of human-mediated impacts between them. The high proportion of introduced species, the virtual absence of rare native species and the finding that the SADs and OFDs of introduced species match the pattern of native species in Terceira suggest the role of man as an important driver of species diversity in oceanic islands and add evidence for an extensive and severe human-induced species loss in the native forests of Terceira. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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10. Designating conservation priorities for Southeast European hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on species distribution models and species vulnerability.
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Miličić, Marija, Vujić, Ante, Jurca, Tamara, Cardoso, Pedro, and Hassall, Christopher
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INSECT conservation ,SYRPHIDAE ,SPECIES distribution ,FOSSIL insects ,SPECIES specificity ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Information on the distribution and vulnerability of invertebrates is often scarce and, as a consequence, this group of organisms is usually neglected in conservation studies. Yet it is possible to reasonably infer ranges and vulnerabilities of species and establish spatial conservation priorities, even with incomplete information. We investigated conservation priorities of hoverflies in Southeast Europe based on species distribution models (SDM) and vulnerability indices., Species distribution models were used to compensate for the lack of knowledge on species ranges. Measures related to geographical rarity, endemism and habitat specialisation were used to assess species vulnerability. Potential distribution and three alternative vulnerability indices were used to calculate two spatial conservation indices: potential Biodiversity Conservation Concern index (pBCC) and potential Biodiversity Conservation Weight (pBCW)., pBCC highlighted areas with a large proportion of highly vulnerable species, even where species richness was low, such as the Danube delta and mid-Aegean islands. It also identified potentially important areas yet-to-be surveyed (e.g. Carpathian mountains), which might deserve future conservation measures. pBCW emphasised areas hosting high richness of both vulnerable and resilient species, such as the eastern Aegean Islands and the eastern part of Crete., We demonstrate that: (i) it is possible to establish conservation priorities at large scales if SDM and simple vulnerability measures are combined; (ii) complementary approaches are necessary to emphasise the importance of areas with different characteristics; and (iii) several understudied areas should be targets of future sampling schemes to confirm their importance for the conservation of hoverfly diversity in Southeast Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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11. Trends of extinction risk for Lepidoptera in Finland: the first national Red List Index of butterflies and moths.
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Juslén, Aino, Cardoso, Pedro, Kullberg, Jaakko, Saari, Sanna, Kaila, Lauri, Stewart, Alan, and Batary, Peter
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LEPIDOPTERA , *INSECTS , *BUTTERFLIES , *MOTHS - Abstract
The Finnish Red Lists from 2000 and 2010 were used to calculate for the first time the national Red List Index for the order Lepidoptera and different Lepidoptera families with data from 2245 species., We grouped species according to their primary habitats and analysed each habitat's RLI as well., The overall RLI was significantly negative, reflecting the worsening of the group as a whole in the country., A significant negative trend was found for families Tortricidae, Gelechiidae and Hesperiidae and for coastal habitats., We also report that 76 Lepidoptera species newly established a population in Finland between 2000 and 2010, probably expanding northwards driven by climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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12. Species richness and composition assessment of spiders in a Mediterranean scrubland.
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Cardoso, Pedro, Henriques, Sérgio S., Gaspar, Clara, Crespo, Luis C., Carvalho, Rui, Schmidt, Jesper B., Sousa, Pedro, and Szűts, Tamás
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SPIDERS ,HABITATS ,SPECIES diversity ,BIODIVERSITY ,INSECTS ,ARACHNIDA behavior ,ASYMPTOTES - Abstract
Intensive fieldwork has been undertaken in Portugal in order to develop a standardized and optimized sampling protocol for Mediterranean spiders. The present study had the objectives of testing the use of semi-quantitative sampling for obtaining an exhaustive species richness assessment of spiders and testing the effects of day, time of day, collector and sampling method on the collected species richness and composition of a Mediterranean scrubland. The collecting summed 224 samples corresponding to one person-hour of effective fieldwork each. In total, 115 species were captured, of which 110 were recorded inside a delimited one-hectare plot, corresponding to more than 70% of the about 160 estimated species. Although no estimator reached the asymptote, the Michaelis-Menten curve behaviour indicates that the estimated richness should be accurate. Most different sampling approaches (day, time of day, collector and sampling method) were found to influence richness, abundance or composition of the samples to some extent, although sampling method had the strongest influence whereas “collector” showed no effect at all. The results support the idea that the only variables that need to be controlled in similar protocols are the sampling methods and the time of day when each method is executed. We conclude that populations in structurally simple habitats present narrower peaks of adult abundance, which implies higher percentages of juveniles in samples. Finally, results also indicate that habitats with a relatively simple structure like scrublands may require as much sampling effort, in order to reach similar proportions of captured species in relation to the estimated richness, as habitats that are much more complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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13. The Time for Insects Is Now Insect Conservation: A Global Synthesis.
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Cardoso, Pedro
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INSECT conservation , *INSECTS , *ANIMAL culture , *INSECT diversity - Abstract
Samways has been one of the strongest advocates for insect (and arthropod) conservation for many decades. Given the dimension of the task, landscape-scale solutions become almost inevitable in insect conservation (Samways et al. 2020). Despite insect conservation usually requiring a focus on landscapes, species are obviously worthy of attention in themselves. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2020
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14. Response to comments on "Changes in plants due to elevated CO2 may be a significant contributor to insect declines: Response to Cardoso, et al. and Samways, et al.": Known unknowns and unknown unknowns of insect conservation.
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Cardoso, Pedro and Samways, Michael J.
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INSECT conservation , *INSECTS , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *INSECT diversity , *LIGHT pollution - Published
- 2020
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15. Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions.
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Cardoso, Pedro, Barton, Philip S., Birkhofer, Klaus, Chichorro, Filipe, Deacon, Charl, Fartmann, Thomas, Fukushima, Caroline S., Gaigher, René, Habel, Jan C., Hallmann, Caspar A., Hill, Matthew J., Hochkirch, Axel, Kwak, Mackenzie L., Mammola, Stefano, Ari Noriega, Jorge, Orfinger, Alexander B., Pedraza, Fernando, Pryke, James S., Roque, Fabio O., and Settele, Josef
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SCIENTISTS , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *CLIMATE change , *INSECTS , *INSECT populations , *POLLINATION by bees - Abstract
Here we build on the manifesto 'World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of World Scientists. As a group of conservation biologists deeply concerned about the decline of insect populations, we here review what we know about the drivers of insect extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions can negatively impact humanity. We are causing insect extinctions by driving habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, use of polluting and harmful substances, the spread of invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, and co-extinction of species dependent on other species. With insect extinctions, we lose much more than species. We lose abundance and biomass of insects, diversity across space and time with consequent homogenization, large parts of the tree of life, unique ecological functions and traits, and fundamental parts of extensive networks of biotic interactions. Such losses lead to the decline of key ecosystem services on which humanity depends. From pollination and decomposition, to being resources for new medicines, habitat quality indication and many others, insects provide essential and irreplaceable services. We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and curb insect extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional and global strategies that counter this trend is essential. Solutions are available and implementable, but urgent action is needed now to match our intentions. • We are pushing many ecosystems beyond recovery, resulting in insect extinctions. • Causes are habitat loss, pollution, invasives, climate change, and overexploitation. • We lose biomass, diversity, unique histories, functions, and interaction networks. • Insect declines lead to loss of essential, irreplaceable services to humanity. • Action to save insect species is urgent, for both ecosystems and human survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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16. Which functional traits promote dark diversity among Southeast European hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)?
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Miličić, Marija, Snežana Popov, Vujić, Ante, and Cardoso, Pedro
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functional characteristics ,absent species ,Syrphids ,conservation ,environmental perturbations ,14. Life underwater ,respiratory system ,15. Life on land ,insects ,vegetation classes ,human activities - Abstract
In order to better understand and try to alleviate the negative consequences of biodiversity loss, it is important to comprehend different aspects of biodiversity. Therefore, beside using the information about observed diversity, so called dark diversity could bring to light new biodiversity patterns, which were not evident when only observed diversity was investigated. Dark diversity represents portion of species that are not recorded at a particular site, but belong to its species pool, i.e. those species that are currently 'missing' from a site, but have potential to occur there (Pärtel et al. 2011). In our study, we examine dark diversity of hoverflies, important insect pollinator group, across different vegetation types in Southeast Europe and assess which functional traits promote the absence of species from apparently suitable sites (missing species), hence promoting higher levels of hoverfly dark diversity. Dark diversity was calculated as the difference between the species pool (all species available that could potentially colonize and inhabit certain habitat) and observed diversity of each vegetation type. To establish the unique contribution of each trait to the probability of being part of dark diversity, we used Random forest (RF) regression model. Findings show that dark diversity was the lowest in Mediterranean mixed forests (33 species, 11.9%), while the highest value was in Southwest Balkan submediterranean mixed oak forests (162 species, 62.8%). Traits found to have the greatest importance in shaping the patterns of dark diversity were connected with larval food type (saproxylic larvae, phytophagous developing in bulbs and in roots), indicating that specialist species are more susceptible to contribute to the dark diversity. Knowing which functional traits are responsible for dark diversity can help in identifying the processes causing species to be absent from their original species pool. Overall, the assessment of dark diversity enables more precise conservation prioritization, but also can contribute in identification of sites for potential restoration.
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