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Integration of insecticides and biological controls is an important tactic of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Trichogramma chilonis is a promising natural enemy of many lepidopteran insect pests. However, this hymenopteran egg parasitoid is adversely affected by most insecticides. Contact toxicity of nineteen insecticides and three biopesticides on adults of T. chilonis was investigated by using dry film residue bioassays under laboratory conditions. Profenofos and chlorpyrifos were highly lethal to the adults even at sublethal doses followed by dimethoate, spinosad, indoxacarb and acephate + imidacloprid. Diafenthiuron, nimbecidine and flubendiamide were categorised as less toxic. The biopesticides viz., Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi were found innocuous to T. chilonis. The study suggests that the insecticides with less toxicity and biopesticides with apparently no harmful effects on the parasitoid can be used in conjunction with parasitoids in IPM programmes. This will also advise plant protectionists in avoiding insecticides with detrimental effects on this hymenopteran wasp with appropriate timing of application that controls the pests without adversely affecting their natural enemies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the repellent proprieties of recommended insecticides targeted at the management of pigeon pea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera along with the recuperation of three species of honey bees under field condition during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Vijayapur and Bagalkot districts of Karnataka-India. The repellency studies of insecticides concerning honey bees in both locations and during both the years indicated that the recovery percentage of honey bees (Apis florea, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata) for the treated field had the fastest rate in the plots treated with Neem Seed Kernel Extract followed by chlorantraniliprole compared to other insecticides. Further, normal activity (100% recovery) of the bees was realized in the treatment with Neem seed kernel extract and chlorantraniliprole which took only 2 and 3 days as compared to more than 7 days for other insecticides. Among the bee species studied, A. dorsata resumed its normal activity sooner than A. cerana and A. florea. A. florea was the most sensitive species to insecticides in pigeon pea. The results indicate the faster recovery of bees which has augmented pollination services and has a greater relevance in enhancing the yield in pigeon pea, whenever the insecticides with less repellent activity were used in the IPM programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]