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Tipula (Sinotipula) longiloba sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B1F88E5A-4CD2-432B-AB50-1D96C7A2AF64 Figs 54–64 Chinese name R叶ṃƛfi Diagnosis Wing variegated dark grey with numerous small cream and black areas, cell r 4 posteriorly with a small cream spot, cream spot of cell r-m long; tergite 9 with a pair of sharp triangular protrusions; caudal lobe of outer gonostylus long. Etymology This species is named after the shape of the caudal lobe of the outer gonostylus, the Latin compound word ‘ lobus ’ means ‘lobe’. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Sichuan, Xiangcheng County, Fozhuxia (佛ΰ峡); 28°27′00″ N, 100°20′24″ E; 3045 m a.s.l.; 10 Jul. 2020; Bintao Du leg.; sweeping; CAU. Paratypes CHINA • 1♂, 1♀; Sichuan, Daocheng County, Yading ScenicARea (亚TṂffi区); 29°4′44″N, 99°54′48″E; 3135 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 2020; Bintao Du leg.; sweeping; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 21.2–23.2 mm, wing length 22.2–24.5 mm, antenna length 4.5–4.9 mm (n = 2). HEAD (Figs 54, 56). Mainly dark brown. Occipital stripe olive grey, extended to vertex, an olive-grey line present on vertex extended to frontal tubercle. Rostrum and nasus brown. Setae on head black. Occiput, postgena and posterior margin of eye with grey pruinescence. Antennal scape and pedicel brownish yellow, flagellaR segments gReyish bRown, each flagellaR segment daRk at base. PRoboscis black. Palpal segment 1 black with pale apex, segments 2 and 3 brown, and segment 4 black. THORAX (Figs 54, 56). Mainly brownish yellow to dark brown velvety. Pronotum yellow with dark brown mid-longitudinal and lateral stripes extended to head and mesothorax. Prescutum almost wholly dark brown, with four vague olive-grey stripes, median stripes slightly lighter than lateral stripes, broadened anteriorly and gradually narrowed posteriorly, a faint yellow, narrow stripe present between median stripes, areas of two rows of median hairs with somewhat narrow yellow stripes. Scutum reddish bRown, with fouR vague olive-gRey spots, viRtually confluent, scutum with gRey pRuinescence at posteRioR margin. Scutellum and mediotergite dark brown with grey pruinescence. Membrane between prescutum and pleuron yellow, consistent with pronotum. Pleuron mainly brownish yellow, with a reddish-brown stripe extended from head to lower part of calypter. Pleuron with extensive white pruinescence except anepisternum. Katepisternum greyish brown on upper portion. Setae on thorax pale yellow. Legs with coxae yellow and white pruinescent, trochanter with black spot ventrally, femora yellow with brownish black apex, tibiae yellow with brown apex, tarsomere 1 yellow with dark apex, tarsomeres 2–3 yellowish brown, tarsomeres 4–5 dark greyish brown. Claw with a black triangular tooth. Setae on legs dark brown with golden lustre. Wing variegated dark grey with numerous small cream and black areas, veins and cell Sc bright yellow, pterostigma black, petiole of cell m 1 less than ½ as long as discal cell length, M2 with a large obtuse angle, cell r 4 posteriorly with a small cream spot, cream spot of cell r-m long (Fig. 57). Halter mainly brownish yellow, stem dark with pale yellow base, knob greyish brown medially. ABDOMEN (Fig. 54). Mainly brownish yellow, Abdominal tergites 6–9 and sternites 7–9 pitch-black, sternite 6 brownish black at posterior half, all tergites with black lateral stripes, lateral margins of tergites with discontinuous greyish white narrow stripes. Setae on tergites black, but those on sternite golden. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 55, 60–64). Mainly black, gonostylus dark yellow. Tergite 9 with a quadrate sclerotized toothed plate on ventral surface, four angles of plate each with a subtriangular protrusion, ventral border of plate with some small teeth and a lamellar protrusion. Tergite 10 translucent with a pair of long gonostyli. Gonocoxite and sternite 9 fused. Posterior margin of sternite 9 with short hairs and a pair of lobate, setose protrusions near base. Adminiculum sharp. Inner side of outer gonostylus with many spines, caudal lobe long, about ½ as long as outer gonostylus (Fig. 63). Inner gonostylus with sharp beak, beak wide basally; outer basal lobe stick-shaped (Fig. 64). Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 29.8 mm, wing length 31.9 mm, antenna length 4.6 mm (n = 1). Body color darker than in male. Pleuron mainly dark brown, with much white pruinescence. Claw without tooth. Cell r 4 posteriorly without cream spot, cell m 1 slightly longer than in male, pterostigma paler than in male. Black stripes of abdomen wide, tergites and sternites black at posterior margin. Other characteristics same as in male (Fig. 58). OVIPOSITOR. Long. Infra-anal plate membranous. Fused valculae obtuse. Hypovalve long, apex obtuse (Fig. 59). Distribution China (Sichuan). Remarks This new species is similar to T. (S.) arjunoides Alexander, 1961 and T. (S.) exquisita Alexander, 1935. However, in T. (S.) arjunoides the lower part of tergite 9 has no protrusions, the outer gonostylus has no spines and the inner gonostylus is clavate (Alexander 1961). In T. (S.) exquisita the prescutum is yellow, the tergite 9 has many small protrusions and the caudal lobe of the outer gonostylus is short (Alexander 1935).

Tipula (Sinotipula) forcipicauda sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A5F2BC9-3C29-4CEC-AA2C-A4F729FC3939 Figs 25–33 Chinese name Ḃ尾ṃƛfi Diagnosis Prescutum reddish brown; pleuron with a reddish-brown stripe extended from head to lower part of calypter; calypter pitch-black on lower portion; posterior margin of sternite 9 with a pair of pincer-like protrusions. Etymology This species is named after the shape of the protrusions on sternite 9, the Latin compound word ‘ forcip - cauda ’ meaning ‘pincer-like cauda.’ Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Xizang, Yadong County, Qing Dynasty Customs Site; 27°25′20″ N, 88°55′13″ E; 3137 m a.s.l.; 4 Aug. 2020; Yuetian Gao leg.; light trap; CAU. Paratype CHINA • 1 ♂; Xizang, Yadong County, Boluoka (ȃê卡); 27°23′3″ N, 88°58′22″ E; 2774 m a.s.l.; 3 Aug. 2020; Yuetian Gao leg.; light trap; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 18.6–19.5 mm, wing length 23.2–24.5 mm, antenna length 4.2–4.6 mm (n = 2). HEAD (Figs 25, 27). Mainly reddish brown. Occipital stripe black, extended to frontal tubercle. Rostrum and nasus reddish brown. Setae on head black. Frontal tubercle, base of scape and posterior margin of eye with white pruinescence, pruinescence of posterior margin of eye extended to neck. Antennal scape and pedicel yellowish bRown, flagellaR segments daRk yellow, except segment 11 black, flagellaR segments 1–10 slightly dark at base. Proboscis brownish black. Palpal segments 1 and 2 dark brown, segment 3 brownish yellow and segment 4 black, except base brownish yellow. THORAX (Figs 25, 27). Mainly pale brown and reddish brown velvety. Pronotum light yellow with reddish brown mid-longitudinal and lateral stripes extended to head and mesothorax. Prescutum almost wholly reddish brown, with four vague, slightly pale stripes, median stripes broadened anteriorly and gradually narrowed posteriorly. Scutum reddish brown with vague spots. Scutellum and mediotergite dark brown, mediotergite with uneven white pruinescence, but extensive at posterior margin. Membrane between prescutum and pleuron light yellow, consistent with pronotum. Pleuron mainly brown with a reddish-brown stripe extended from head to lower part of calypter, calypter pitch-black on lower portion. Pleuron with extensive white pruinescence except anepisternum. Anepisternum reddish brown on upper portion, pale brown on lower portion. Pruinescence of katepisternum dark brown on lower portion. Anepimeron reddish brown on upper portion, pale brown on lower portion. Katepimeron pale brown. Meron yellowish brown. Metakatepisternum brown. Katatergite dark brown on upper portion, brownish yellow on lower portion. Setae on thorax black. Legs with coxae yellowish brown but brown at lower margin, lower part of coxae with pruinescence, trochanter with black spot ventrally, femora yellow with black basal margin and pale brown apex, tibiae yellow with apex slightly dark, tarsomere 1 yellow, tarsomeres 2–4 greyish black, claw with a black tooth. Setae on legs brown. Wing variegated grey with numerous small pale and dark grey areas, veins and cell Sc bright yellow, pterostigma dark brown, petiole of cell m 1 less than ⅓ as long as discal cell (Fig. 28). HalteR with stem gReyish bRown, knob yellow with black base. ABDOMEN (Fig. 25). Mainly yellowish brown. Abdominal tergites 3–6 yellow, sternites 5–6 yellow, all tergites dark brown at posterior margin and with black lateral stripes, posterior margin of tergites 2–6 dark with small grey lateral corners. Setae on abdomen black. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 25, 29–33). Brown. Tergite 9 with a pair of small tooth-like protrusions, apically slightly truncated, but without sclerotized structure on ventral surface. Gonocoxite and sternite 9 fused. Gonocoxite with a tuft of hairs at posterior margin. Posterior margin of sternite 9 with a pair of pincer-like protrusions and with a pair of tufts near base of protrusions. Adminiculum spear-shaped, basally connected with protrusions of sternite 9. Outer gonostylus approximately boat-shaped, caudal lobe shorter than anterior protrusion (Fig. 32). Inner gonostylus pistol-shaped with obtuse beak slightly swollen (Fig. 31). Female Unknown. Distribution China (Xizang). Remarks This new species is similar to T. (S.) arjuna Alexander, 1962 and T. (S.) arjunoides Alexander, 1961. However, in T. (S.) arjuna the petiole of cell m 1 is about ½ as long as the cell, the tooth-like protrusions of tergite 9 are short and rounded and sternite 9 has no special protrusion (Alexander 1962). In T. (S.) arjunoides, the hypopygium is yellow, the protrusions of tergite 9 are forked and the inner gonostylus is compressed at the middle (Alexander 1961)., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2023, Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, pp. 83-115 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 94-97, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, http://zenodo.org/record/8135547, {"references":["Alexander C. P. 1962. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XLIX. Philippine Journal of Science 90: 155 - 214.","Alexander C. P. 1961. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XLVIII. Philippine Journal of Science 90: 97 - 149."]}

Tipula (Sinotipula) heminga sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 84C0F15B-1C4C-45D7-BC94-1BB0498CC193 Figs 34–43 Chinese name ḃñṃƛfi Diagnosis Prescutum almost dark brown, reddish brown laterally, with four slightly brown, vague stripes; tergite 9 with two pairs of horn-like protrusions, middle pair directed outward and side pair directed inward. Etymology This species is named after the shape of the outer and inner gonostyli, similar to the crane courtship call pose, the word ‘ heming ’ being from the Chinese ‘ḃñ’ in the ancient Chinese poetry collection ‘Book of Songs (Xiaoya, Heming),’ literally meaning the crane is chirping. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Xizang, Chayu County; 28°39′ N, 97°28′ E; 2360 m a.s.l.; mid-Jun. 2020; Hui Wang leg.; light trap; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 25.2 mm, wing length 28.0 mm, antenna length 5.2 mm (n = 1). HEAD (Figs 34–35). Reddish brown. Occipital middle dark. Rostrum and nasus dull reddish brown. Setae on head black. Gena, postgena and posterior margin of eye with white pruinescence. Antennal scape and pedicel bRown, flagellaR segments daRk yellow except base slightly daRk. PRoboscis bRownish black. Palpus dull reddish brown. THORAX (Figs 34–35). Mainly yellowish brown and dark brown velvety. Pronotum light yellow with reddish brown mid-longitudinal and lateral stripes extended to head and mesothorax. Prescutum almost dark brown, reddish brown laterally, with four slightly brown, vague stripes, median stripes broadened anteriorly and gradually narrowed posteriorly. Scutum dark brown with four brown spots. Scutellum and mediotergite dark brown, mediotergite with uneven white pruinescence. Membrane between prescutum and pleuron light yellow. Anepisternum and anepimeron brownish black on upper portion, yellowish brown on lower portion. Katepisternum with a large dark brown spot with pruinescence on upper portion. Meron yellowish brown. Setae on thorax golden. Legs with coxae orangish brown, trochanter with black spot ventrally, femora yellowish brown with slightly dark apex, tibiae yellowish brown, tarsi dark brown. Setae on legs brown. Wing variegated pale yellowish brown with cream and dark brown areas, pterostigma dark brown, petiole of cell m 1 less than ⅓ as long as discal cell (Fig. 37). HalteR with stem and knob yellowish brown, knob slightly darkened. ABDOMEN (Figs 34–35). Mainly yellowish brown. All tergites with dark brown lateral stripes. Setae on abdomen golden. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 36, 38–43). Dark brown. Tergite 9 with two pairs of horn-like protrusions, middle pair directed outward and outer pair directed inward, ventrally with two pairs of tooth-like protrusions. Gonocoxite and sternite 9 fused. Posterior margin of sternite 9 with a pair of protrusions bearing a small pRotRusion neaR base (Fig. 36). Adminiculum speaR-shaped, slightly widened neaR basal ⅓. OutwaRd part of outer gonostylus nearly square, anterior margin with a small triangular protrusion; inward part slendeR, like a cRane head (Fig. 41). InneR gonostylus with a RecuRved fingeR-like pRotRusion at anteRioR margin and a large, nearly T-shaped protrusion at posterior margin (Fig. 43). Female Unknown. Distribution China (Xizang). Remarks The new species is similar to T. (S.) krishna Alexander, 1962 and T. (S.) drolma sp. nov., but in T. (S.) krishna the tergite 9 only has a pair of protrusions, and the gonostyli are simple. In T. (S.) drolma sp. nov. the protrusions of tergite 9 are longer than in T. (S.) heminga sp. nov., the protrusion of sternite 9 has no small protrusion, and the adminiculum has a pair of slender protrusions at the middle., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2023, Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, pp. 83-115 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 98-101, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, http://zenodo.org/record/8135547, {"references":["Alexander C. P. 1962. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XLIX. Philippine Journal of Science 90: 155 - 214."]}

Tipula (Sinotipula) hobsoni Edwards, 1928 Figs 44–53 Chinese name Ʀāṃƛfi Diagnosis Mainly orange; prescutum dark brown, wing pale yellow with grey areas, pterostigma yellow; tergite 9 with a paiR of tooth-like pRotRusions at posteRioR maRgin; outeR gonostylus wide and flat, with two hoRn-like protrusions anteriorly and two slender lobes posteriorly. Material examined CHINA – Xizang • 1 ♂; Yadong City, Qing Dynasty Customs Site; 27°25′11″ N, 88°55′51″ E; 3041 m a.s.l.; 1 Aug. 2020; Qicheng Yang leg.; light tRap; CAU • 1 ♂; Yadong City; 3300 m a.s.l.; 11 Jul. 2018; Qicheng Yang leg.; sweeping; CAU. Photo material CHINA • Holotype; Yatung; 4500 feet a.s.l.; A.E. Hobson leg.; BMNH (photos by Jinlong Ren). INDIA • 1 ♂; Sikkim, Namnasa; 9500 feet a.s.l.; 12 MaR. 1959; Schmid leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li) • 1 ♂; Sikkim, Shingla; 10 400 feet; 30 Jun. 1959; Schmid leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li). Redescription Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 22.0– 22.6 mm, wing length 25.0– 25.2 mm, antenna length 5.0– 5.5 mm (n = 2). HEAD (Figs 45–46). Mainly brown. Occiput with two areas with white pruinescence. Rostrum and nasus bRown. Setae on head daRk bRown. Antenna oRange with white appRessed pubescence, bases of flagellaR segments slightly dark. Proboscis brown. Palpal segments 1 and 2 yellow, segments 3 and 4 dark brown. THORAX (Figs 45–46). Mainly orange. Pronotum reddish brown at middle, extended to head and anepimeron. Prescutum dark brown with four blurry brown stripes, all stripes with reddish brown margins, median stripes broadened anteriorly and gradually narrowed posteriorly. Scutum dark brown, with four brown blurry spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, mediotergite with abundant, uneven pruinescence, except on middle portion. Pleuron mainly orange with slight white pruinescence. Anepisternum yellowish brown, dark on upper portion, membranous suture with prescutum dark brown; katepisternum, anepimeron, epimeron and metapleuron with brown areas. Setae on thorax pale yellow. Legs with femora and tibiae brownish yellow, apically slightly dark; tarsi brownish yellow. Claw with a black tooth basally. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing pale yellow with grey areas, pterostigma yellow, long spot of cell cua dark grey, spot of M 3 base basally dark grey, petiole of cell m 1 ⅓ as long as discal cell (Fig. 47). Halter with yellow stem and orange knob. ABDOMEN (Figs 45–46). Mainly yellow. All tergites with slender black lateral stripes, sternites and tergites 6–8 dark at lateral margin. Setae on abdomen golden. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 44, 48–53). Mainly yellowish brown. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with a pair of tooth-like protrusions slightly slanted at tip, ventrally with two or three teeth. Gonocoxite and sternite 9 fused, sternite 9 with a pair of pubescent oval protrusions. Adminiculum wide basally, narrow apically, with a slendeR pRotubeRance at middle. OuteR gonostylus wide and flat, with two hoRn-like pRotRusions anteriorly and two slender lobes posteriorly (Fig. 52). Inner gonostylus recurved, inside concave, outside bulged, apex with a fingeR-like pRotRusion (Fig. 53). Female Apart from the genitalia, similar to male; cercus and hypovalve short. Distribution China (Xizang); India (Sikkim). Remarks In the male specimen from Shingla, Sikkim (USNM), the distance between the two protrusions on tergite 9 is narrower than in that from Namnasa, Sikkim (USNM) or Yadong City, Xizang (CAU). The distance between the two protrusions of tergite 9 might not be a stable special feature in Sinotipula. In the specimen from the Qing Dynasty Customs Site in Yadong City, tergite 9 is asymmetrical (possibly damaged), and the ventral surface of tergite 9 has two teeth (Fig. 51). In holotype, the ventral surface of tergite 9 has two teeth (Edwards 1928), but in the specimens from Yadong City and some individuals from Sikkim (USNM), the ventral surface of tergite 9 has three teeth (Fig. 50) (Alexander 1970)., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2023, Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, pp. 83-115 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 101-104, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, http://zenodo.org/record/8135547, {"references":["Edwards F. W. 1928. Some nematocerous Diptera from Yunnan and Tibet. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10 1 (6): 681 - 703. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672840","Alexander C. P. 1970. New or little-known species of Asiatic Tipulidae (Diptera). III. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 96: 307 - 352."]}

Tipula (Sinotipula) wardi Edwards, 1928 Figs 65–76 Chinese name Ʀüṃƛfi Diagnosis Thorax mainly greyish black velvety with much white pruinescence, prescutum dark brown; posterior margin of tergite 9 with a pair of tooth-like protrusions, protrusions extended medially. Material examined CHINA – Yizang • 1 ♂; Linzhi City, Sejila Mountain (ƏÍÊ山); 29°38′ N, 94°40′ E; 4500 m a.s.l.; Aug. 2020; Enyong Chen leg.; light tRap; CAU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Linzhi City, Sejila Mountain; 3000–5000 m a.s.l.; Jun.–Aug. 2020; Zhaohui Pan leg.; light tRap; alcohol soaked, black in coloR; CAU • 1 ♀; Milin City, Yusong Village (ṮËẖ); 29°11′40″ N, 94°3′27″ E; 2920 m a.s.l.; 23 ApR. 2019; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Photo material CHINA • Holotype, ♂; Tsangpo Valley, Dushong La; 10 500 feet; 26 Jun. 1924; F. Kingdon WaRd leg.; BMNH (photos by Jinlong Ren). NEPAL • 1 ♂; Dingpache; 4400 m a.s.l.; 2 Jun. 1964; W. Dieel leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li). INDIA • 1 ♂; Kumaon; 9500 feet; 16 May 1958; Schmid leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li) • 1 ♂; Sikkim Donkung; 15 750 feet; 22 Jun. 1959; Schmid leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li) • 1 ♂; Sikkim Tangshing; 12 200 feet; 17 Apr. 1959; Schmid leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li). Redescription Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 23.0– 24.2 mm, wing length 28.8–30.5 mm, antenna length 4.0– 4.2 mm (n = 2). HEAD (Figs 65–66). Mainly dark brown. Occipital stripe olive grey, extended to frontal tubercle, wide at middle. Rostrum and nasus brown. Setae on head dark brown. Occiput, rostrum and nasus with abundant gReyish white pRuinescence. Antennal scape and pedicel pale bRown; flagellaR segments bRown to black, darkened gradually to segment 11. Antenna with abundant white appressed pubescence. Proboscis brownish black. Palpal segments 1 and 2 brownish black, segment 3 dark brown, segment 4 black. THORAX (Figs 65–66). Mainly greyish black velvety. Pronotum greyish brown with black lateral stripe extended to head and anepimeron. Prescutum dark brown with four stripes, all stripes with reddish brown margins, median stripes olive grey, broadened anteriorly and gradually narrowed posteriorly, stripes with abundant bluish white pruinescence on both sides. Scutum dark brown with four spots bearing bRoad bluish white pRuinescence, viRtually confluent, backgRound coloR of spots Reddish bRown, anteRioR margin of scutum with four small olive-grey spots connected with stripes of prescutum. Scutellum and mediotergite dark brown with abundant pruinescence, except posterior margin. Pleuron mainly greyish brown with extensive bluish white pruinescence. Anepisternum brown with pruinescence and with brownish black stripe on upper portion; anepimeron with a dull black spot. Setae on thorax dark brown. Legs with dark brown coxae bearing white pruinescence, trochanter with black spot ventrally, femora dark brown with dark apex, tibiae yellowish brown with dark brown apex, tarsi dark brown. Claw with a black triangular tooth basally. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing variegated grey with numerous small white, brown and bluish grey areas, veins and cell Sc pale brown, pterostigma brown, petiole of cell m 1 ⅓ as long as discal cell, long spot of cell cua daRk bluish gRey, spots dull gRey at inteRsection of veins (Fig. 68). Halter with yellowish brown stem and brownish black knob. ABDOMEN (Fig. 65). Mainly dark brown. All tergites with black lateral stripes, sternites and lateral margins of tergites with white pruinescence. Setae on abdomen golden. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 67, 71–76). Mainly dark brown. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with a pair of tooth-like protrusions, elongate medially. Gonocoxite and sternite 9 virtually fused, except ventral surface of sternite 9 with vague suture. Aedeagus dark; adminiculum subhyaline, narrow, but apically slightly wider. Outer gonostylus roughly V-shaped, inner half of lobe folded (Figs 73–74). Inner gonostylus short, pistol-shaped, with slant beak (Fig. 75). Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 27.4 mm, wing length 33.5 mm, antenna length 3.6 mm (n = 1). Body color same as in male. Apex of femora slightly paler than in male. Wing color paler than in male, spots of cell r 5 varied, one wing with two spots in cell r 5 centrally, another wing with only one spot, position inconsistent with that in male (Fig. 69). OVIPOSITOR. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with a slender protrusion laterally. Infra-anal plate short. Fused valculae slender. Hypovalve short, apically slightly upturned (Fig. 70). Distribution China (Xizang); India; Myanmar; Nepal. Remarks We compared the four specimens we obtained (CUA), the holotype (BMNH), and specimens from Nepal and India (Kumaon and Sikkim) (USNM). The species is not completely consistent regarding the size, location or number of dark spots within cell r 5. Even in the female specimen from Milin (CUA), the markings on the two wings are asymmetrical (Fig. 69). However, what is certain is that the hypopygium of the male specimens is exactly the same., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2023, Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, pp. 83-115 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 109-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, http://zenodo.org/record/8135547, {"references":["Edwards F. W. 1928. Some nematocerous Diptera from Yunnan and Tibet. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10 1 (6): 681 - 703. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672840"]}

Tipula (Sinotipula) drolma sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4762B3F6-E8A1-41D6-BF93-B8BFD6501CAB Figs 1–13 Chinese name ƦDZḆṃƛfi Diagnosis Prescutum almost wholly reddish brown; pleuron with a reddish brown stripe extended from head to uppeR paRt of anateRgite. PosteRioR maRgin of teRgite 9 flattish, with a paiR of Robust fingeR-like pRotRusions curved downward; adminiculum medially with a pair of slender protrusions; caudal end of outer gonostylus with an extended hook-like protrusion. Etymology The species is named after the name of White Tara in Tibetan Buddhism, which represents rescue and longevity. ‘Drolma’ is the Latin transliteration of a Tibetan phrase, and the Chinese name is ‘ƦDZḆ’. Corresponding to its related species, ‘ T. (S.) krishna ’, krishna in Hinduism represents protection and love, and its Chinese name is ‘DzŦ’; the literal meaning of the Chinese names corresponds to the color of their gonostylus. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Xizang, Yadong County, Qing Dynasty Customs Site; 27°25′11″ N, 88°55′51″ E; 3041 m a.s.l.; 1 Aug. 2020; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♂ (wings with bReakage); Xizang, Yadong County, Qing Dynasty Customs Site; 27°25′20″ N, 88°55′13″ E; 3137 m a.s.l.; 4 Aug. 2020; Yucheng Zheng leg.; light tRap; CAU • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 23.5–24.2 mm, wing length 29.0–30.0 mm, antenna length 4.0– 4.6 mm (n = 2). HEAD (Figs 1, 3). Mainly reddish brown velvety. Occiput brown with reddish brown mid-longitudinal stripe extended to frontal tubercle. Rostrum and nasus reddish brown. Setae on head black. Frontal tubercle, vertex and narrow dorsal parts of rostrum and nasus with white pruinescence, pruinescence of veRtex distinct. Antennal scape bRown, pedicel and flagellaR segments daRk yellow, except flagellaR segment 11 black, flagellaR segments 3–10 slightly daRk at base. PRoboscis Reddish bRown, black at outeR margin. Palpal segment 1 pale brown, segments 2 and 3 yellow, and segment 4 black. THORAX (Figs 1, 3). Mainly pale brown to reddish brown velvety. Pronotum yellow with reddish brown mid-longitudinal and lateral stripes extended to head and mesothorax. Prescutum almost wholly reddish brown, with four vague olive-grey stripes, median stripes broadened anteriorly and gradually narrowed posteriorly. Scutum brown, with four vague olive-grey spots. Scutellum brown. Mediotergite brown with uneven white pruinescence, posterior margin with two yellow parts separated by brown part. Membrane between prescutum and pleuron yellow, consistent with pronotum. Pleuron mainly dark yellow with a reddish brown stripe extended from head to upper part of anatergite. Junction of anepisternum and katepisternum with a large brown spot with white pruinescence. Upper margin and anterior part of katatergite and lower part of anepimeron with white pruinescence, pruinescence brown at lower margin and posterior margin. Meron and metapleuron with irregular brown spot and slight pruinescence. Setae on thorax brown. Legs with coxae brownish yellow, femora and tibiae pale brown, tarsi brownish black, claw with a black tooth. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing variegated grey with numerous small pale and dark grey areas; veins and cell Sc bright yellow; pterostigma pale brown; petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 4). Halter with stem pale yellow, knob brownish yellow. ABDOMEN (Fig. 1). Mainly brownish yellow. Abdominal tergites each with two black lateral stripes. Abdominal segment 1 pale yellow, segments 4–7 reddish. Setae on abdomen golden. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 2, 7–13). Mainly reddish brown, except tergite 9 yellowish brown, large and hemispherical. Gonocoxite and sternite 9 virtually fused, except ventral surface of sternite 9 with vague sutuRe. PosteRioR maRgin of gonocoxite slightly extended, petaloid. PosteRioR maRgin of teRgite 9 flattish, with a paiR of Robust fingeR-like pRotRusions cuRved downwaRd, ventRally with a Ridged pRotRusion. SteRnite 9 with two long golden tufts near caudal margin; posterior margin of sternite 9 with a pair of nearly oval pRotRusions and a paiR of small fingeR-like pRotRusions at middle. Adminiculum slim, medially with a pair of slender protrusions. Both gonostyli reddish brown, embedded (Figs 12–13). Outer gonostylus with a large U-shaped depression on top, caudal end with a long hook-like protrusion (Fig. 11). Inner gonostylus slanted, basally with a long, sharp protrusion; lower site of lower beak with a beak-like protrusion (Fig. 10). Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 24.0 mm, wing length 31.6 mm, antenna length 4.8 mm (n = 1). Body color slightly darker than in male. Antenna redder than in male. Brown and black parts of legs paler than in male. Claw without tooth. Wing same as in male, except angle of bifurcation of cell m 1 slightly greater. Black stripes of abdominal tergites narrow and pale. Other characteristics as in male (Fig. 5). OVIPOSITOR. Short. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with two obtuse protrusions laterally. Infra-anal plate tRiangulaR. Fused valculae slightly uptuRned. SteRnite 8 with a paiR of flattened semiciRculaR elevations laterally. Hypovalve short, curved outward (Fig. 6). Distribution China (Xizang). Remarks The new species is similar to T. (S.) krishna AlexandeR, 1962 fRom Sikkim, India, but the latteR diffeRs in the following characters: both gonostyli heavily sclerotized and blackened, the outer gonstylus medially with an acute tooth, cell r 4 without white spot at posterior margin (Alexander 1962)., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2023, Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, pp. 83-115 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 86-91, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, http://zenodo.org/record/8135547, {"references":["Alexander C. P. 1962. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XLIX. Philippine Journal of Science 90: 155 - 214."]}

Tipula (Sinotipula) exquisita Alexander, 1935 Figs 14–24 Chinese name Dzẍṃƛfi Diagnosis Prescutum dark yellow with four distinct brown stripes; wing variegated grey with numerous small pale and dark grey areas, pale yellow around veins; posterior margin of gonocoxite with a pair of long-haired lobes; posterior margin of sternite 9 with a pair of smooth lobes folded at apex. Material examined CHINA – Sichuan • 2 ♂♂; Xiangcheng City, Niding Canyon (尼T峡ë); 29°4′ N, 99°40′ E; 3488 m a.s.l.; 11 Jul. 2020; Bingtao Du leg.; sweeping; CAU • 5 ♂♂; Daocheng City, neaR Zhagu Temple (Ĺ古※); 28°47′ N, 100°9′ E; 4217 m a.s.l.; 14 Jul. 2020; Bingtao Du leg.; light tRaps; CAU. – Qinghai • 1 ♂; Menyuan City, Xianmi Town, Meihua Village (DZ ữẖ); 37°17′ N, 102°8′ E; 3109 m a.s.l.; 30 Jul. 2021; Xinyue Guo leg.; sweeping; CAU • 1 ♀; Menyuan City, Qihankai (fflǟfl); 37°9′ N, 102°2′ E; 2658 m a.s.l.; 30 Jul. 2021; Qicheng Yang leg.; light traps; CAU. Photo material CHINA • Holotype, ♂; Yin-Kuan-Tsal; 13–15 000 feet a.s.l.; 25 Jul. 1930; D.C. GRaham leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li) • ♀, allotype; Yu-Long-Gong; 14 000 feet a.s.l.; 14 Aug. 1930; D.C. GRaham leg.; USNM (photos by Yan Li) • Paratype; same collection data as for holotype; USNM (photos by Yan Li). Redescription Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 20.0– 21.5 mm, wing length 23.8–25.0 mm, antenna length 4.6–4.8 mm (n = 3). HEAD (Figs 14–15). Mainly yellowish brown. Occiput brown with dark brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Rostrum yellowish brown with a dark brown middle stripe extended from rostrum apically to face, nasus yellowish brown, postgena dark brown. Setae on head dull black. Antennal scape and pedicel yellow, flagellaR segments daRk bRown, flagellaR segments 1–3 slightly yellow. PRoboscis black. Palpus daRk brown, segment 4 slightly pale brown. THORAX (Figs 14–15). Mainly brownish yellow, dark areas with slight white pruinescence. Pronotum dark yellow, brown at middle. Prescutum dark yellow with four brown stripes, all stripes with dark brown margins, median stripes broadened anteriorly and gradually narrowed posteriorly, lateral stripes slightly dark. Scutum and scutellum brown with blurry dark areas. Mediotergite pale brown. Pleuron mainly dark brown, with white pruinescence. Anepisternum with less pruinescence and an indistinct dark stripe on upper portion. Setae on thorax golden and dark brown. Legs with femora and tibiae brownish yellow, apex dark brown, tarsi dark brown, femora of some specimens dark brown near basal part. Claw with a black tooth near middle. Setae on legs black. Wing variegated grey with numerous small pale and dark grey areas; veins and cell Sc bright yellow, pale yellow around veins; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 17). Halter with stem and knob yellow, except knob dark brown at middle. ABDOMEN (Fig. 14). Mainly yellow to black. Abdominal segments 1–5 yellow, segment 7 yellow to black outward, all tergites with black posterior margin and black lateral stripes, tergites 2–7 with short grey lateRal pRuinescence on posteRioR and lateRal stRipes, pRuinescence vaRied among diffeRent specimens. Setae on tergites dark brown, but those on sternite golden. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 16, 18–24). Mainly black. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with a transversely quadrate sclerotized toothed plate, dorsal and ventral border of plate each with two long protrusions and small irregular teeth. Gonocoxite and sternite 9 fused, posterior margin of gonocoxite with a pair of long-haired lobes, posterior margin of sternite 9 with a pair of smooth, folded lobes. Outer gonostylus wide with dense black spines anteriorly and with two short lobes posteriorly (Fig. 23). Inner gonostylus with very short beak and a large sloping notch; outer basal lobe complicated (Fig. 24). Female Apart from the genitalia, similar to male; cercus and hypovalve short. Distribution China (Sichuan, Qinghai). Remarks In all male specimens from Niding Canyon, Zhagu Temple and Meihua Village, the size and position of the small teeth of teRgite 9 aRe not fixed. The specimens fRom Qinghai (Meihua Village and Qihankai) aRe daRkeR than those fRom Sichuan (Niding Canyon and Zhagu Temple). TheRe was no diffeRence in the gonostylus among all observed specimens. Thus, we considered them to be the same species (Alexander 1935; Edwards 1928)., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2023, Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, pp. 83-115 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 91-94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, http://zenodo.org/record/8135547, {"references":["Alexander C. P. 1935. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXV. Philippine Journal of Science 57: 81 - 148.","Edwards F. W. 1928. Some nematocerous Diptera from Yunnan and Tibet. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10 1 (6): 681 - 703. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672840"]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) curvicornis nom. nov. This is a replacement name for Tipula (Vestiplex) bucera Yang, Li, Pan, Liu & Yang, 2021 (Yang et al. 2021: 169), described from China. It is preoccupied by the secondary primary homonym Tipula (Lunatipula) bucera Alexander, 1927 from Canada and USA (Alexander 1927). Etymology This species is named after the shape of the gonocoxite, the Latin ‘ corv -cornis,’ meaning ‘bearing horns’, a third declension adjective., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2023, Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, pp. 83-115 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on page 113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, http://zenodo.org/record/8135547, {"references":["Yang Q. C., Yan L., Pan Z. H., Liu X. Y. & Yang D. 2021. Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet. European Journal of Taxonomy 764: 152 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.764.1477","AlexandeR C. P. 1927. New NeaRctic cRane-flies (Tipulidae, DipteRa). PaRt XII. Canadian Entomologist 59: 184 - 193."]}

Yang, Qi-cheng, Ren, Jin-long, Liu, Xiao-yan, Yang, Ding (2023): Four new species of Tipula (Sinotipula) Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China and a new replacement name in Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924. European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1): 83-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2163, URL: http://zoobank.org/3da3233c-f99e-4442-ba4b-546f74cc657b

Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan, Yang, Ding (2021): Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet. European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 152-192, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477

Tipula (Vestiplex) nayogabuensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D91DF543-8018-4FD5-8E99-DCB2AAF3E8FF Figs 21–29, 86 Diagnosis Vertex brownish black, relatively protruded. Prescutum virtually brownish black, black stripes distinct, all stripes with dark black margins. Scutum virtually brownish black. Scutellum dark yellow with brownish black mid-longitudinal stripe. Mediotergite reddish dark brown, dried with pale gray pruinescence and black mid-longitudinally. Thoracic pleuron dark brown with pale gray pruinescence. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with long setae, pair of weak arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9, slender hidden bridge between them. Etymology The species is named after the type locality Nayogabu Snow Mountain. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Tibet, Bomi, Yigong; 30°16′19″ N, 94°48′28″ E; 2290 m a.s.l.; 7 May 2017; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Paratypes CHINA • 8 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 16.5–18.5 mm, wing length 20–22.0 mm, antenna length 4.5 mm (n = 9). HEAD (Figs 21, 23). Mainly brownish yellow. Occipital mark dark brown, vertex brownish black, relatively protruded. Rostrum and nasus dark yellow, nasus relatively long. Setae on head dark brown. Scape dark yellow, pedicel pale yellow, flagellum brownish black except first flagellar segment yellowish brown. Proboscis and palpus yellowish gray. THORAX (Figs 21–23). Mainly dark brown, heavily pale gray pruinescence. Pronotum brown with yellow setae. Prescutum virtually brownish black, black stripes distinct, all stripes with dark black margin. Scutum virtually brownish black. Scutellum dark yellow with brownish black mid-longitudinal stripe. Mediotergite reddish dark brown, dried with pale gray pruinescence and black mid-longitudinally. Thoracic pleuron dark brown with pale gray pruinescence. Parascutellum dark brown. Meron brown. Setae on thorax pale yellow. Legs with coxae and femora yellow, femora with brownish black apexes; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing variegated brown; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m distinctly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 24). Halter with stem yellow, knob dark brown. ABDOMEN (Figs 21, 23). Mainly yellow. Abdominal tergites each with three stripes, middle stripe of tergites 1–2 brownish black, wide, others brown; bilateral stripes black. Abdominal segments 6–9 dark black. Setae on abdomen yellow. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 25–29). Gonocoxite hardly elongated, unseparated from sternite 9. Tergite 9 longitudinally divided into two parts, posterior margin with long setae, a pair of weak arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9, a slender hidden bridge between them (Fig. 28). Appendages of sternite 9 slender (Fig. 29). Apex and middle of outer gonostylus slightly wide (Fig. 26). Inner gonostylus with concavity at middle, posterior part with many bristles, lower margin with bristled raise; base of lower beak inward-rolled, enwrapped black lower beak; upper beak yellow, lower margin black, base with a slight raise (Fig. 27). Apex of adminiculum hooked. Female Unknown or unrecognized. Distribution China: Tibet. Remarks The new species is similar to T. (V.) zayulensis from Chayu (= Zayu) of Tibet, but the latter differs in the following characters: prescutum and scutum yellowish brown; thoracic pleuron brownish yellow; all sterno-pleurite with dark brown margin. The outer gonostylus is different from that of T. (V.) nayogabuensis sp. nov., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on pages 163-166, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464

Tipula (Vestiplex) bucera sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4AB06AB7-6108-40AF-A8C8-CAEDF0226964 Figs 39–50, 84, 86 Diagnosis Scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellar segment dark yellow, other flagellar segments bicolor, yellowish with dark brown base. Scutellum and mediotergite dark yellow. Gonocoxite elongated, separated from sternite 9, posterior margin with an unusually strong black spine, bent inward and horn-like. Etymology The species is named after the shape of gonocoxite, the Latin adjective ‘ bucera ’ means ‘ox-horned’. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Tibet, Bomi, Yigong; 30°16′19″ N, 94°48′28″ E; 2240 m a.s.l.; 7 Jun. 2017; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Allotype CHINA • ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CAU. Paratypes CHINA • 9 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 13.0 mm, wing length 15.0 mm, antenna length 4.5 mm (n = 10). HEAD (Figs 39, 41). Mainly yellow. Occipital stripe dark brown, with brown setae. Rostrum and nasus yellow, rostrum with brown setae and nasus with dark yellow setae. Scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellar segment dark yellow, other flagellar segments bicolor yellowish with dark brown base. Proboscis and palpus grayish yellow. THORAX (Figs 39, 41). Mainly yellow, heavily pruinose. Pronotum yellow with yellow setae. Prescutum with four yellowish gray stripes, median stripe broadened apically and gradually narrowing to base, lateral stripes long-oval. Scutum yellow with four yellowish gray spots. Scutellum and mediotergite dark yellow. Thoracic pleuron yellow. Parascutellum pale yellow. Meron yellow. Setae on thorax yellow. Legs with coxae and femora yellow, femora with dark brown apices and brown middle parts; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing light brown; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m 1 and discal cell almost equilong (Fig. 40). Halter with stem brown, knob dark brown with pale tip. ABDOMEN (Figs 39, 41). Mainly yellow. Abdominal tergites each with three stripes, middle stripe pale gray, lateral stripes brown. Abdominal segments 5–9 black. Setae on abdomen brownish yellow. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 44–45, 48–50). Gonocoxite elongated, separated from sternite 9, gonocoxite ends with an unusually strong black spine, bent inward and horn-like, ventral of spine with long setae, basal setae longest and decreases to tip, curl inward. Tergite 9 longitudinally divided into two parts, slightly connected. Sternite 9 with a median prominence, adminiculum with a pair of sharp projections on both sides. Outer gonostylus black with yellow bristles, bent, willow leaf shaped (Figs 44, 48). Inner gonostylus with a slanted bar like raise; upper beak sharp, curled inward (Figs 45, 48). Semen pump (Figs 46–47) as shown in figures. Aedeagus with a sclerotized suborbicular appendage at base. Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 17.5 mm, wing length 17 mm, antenna length 3 mm (n = 1). COLORATION. Body color slightly darker than male. Antenna relatively shorter than male. Scape and pedicel yellow, flagellar segments 1–4 bicolor yellow with pale brown base, other segments pale brown. Brown and black part of legs paler than male. Wing same as male except knob of halter without pale tip. Abdominal tergites each with three stripes, middle stripe brown, lateral stripes black, abdominal segments 5–7 yellowish brown, and brown gradually deepened, 8 th segment dark brown. Other characteristics as in male (Fig. 42). OVIPOSITOR. Tergite 9 dark brown, tergite 10 shining reddish brown. Cercus brown, tip slightly upturned, outer margin with rough serration (Fig. 43). Distribution China (Tibet). Remarks The new species is similar to T. (V.) coxitalis Alexander, 1935 from Anhui and Taiwan, China, but the latter differs in the following characters: gonocoxite ends with a slightly twisted spine; outer gonostylus narrow, filiform; inner gonostylus without slanted bar-like raise; sternite 9 near caudal end on either side of midline with a conspicuous hair pencil of reddish bristles, these pencils not arising from basal tubercles (Men 2015). This species is similar to T. (V.) bicalcarata Savchenko, 1965 and T. (V.) maoershanensis Men & Young, 2017, but the outer gonostylus of the latter is not willow leaf shaped. The posterior margin of inner gonostylus with a finger-like protrusion (Men et al. 2017).

Tipula (Vestiplex) coquillettiana group Tipula (Vestiplex) scandens Edwards, 1928, Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464, {"references":["Edwards F. W. 1928. Some nematocerous Diptera from Yunnan and Tibet. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 10 1: 681 - 703. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672840"]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) deserrata group in Tibet Tipula (Vestiplex) magatama sp. nov. Tipula (Vestiplex) uncinella sp. nov., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on page 156, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464

Tipula (Vestiplex) motuoensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6536F0F9-0D40-490C-BEF5-06A3A1153033 Figs 75–83 Diagnosis Proboscis relatively short. Pronotum brownish yellow with dark yellow setae. Prescutum mainly reddish yellow with four olive-brown striped pruinescence, velvety, two middle stripes virtually fused. Gonocoxite ends hook-like, not separated from sternite 9; tergite 9 with two pairs of lobes, longitudinally divided into two parts, slightly connected, pair of emarginate arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9. Inner gonostylus with posterior crest produced backward, base of inner gonostylus and outer basal lobe of inner gonostylus rolled inward, produced depression with row of short setulae. Etymology The species is named after the type locality Motuo. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Tibet, Motuo, 80K; 29°39′29″ N, 95°29′24″ E; 2020 m a.s.l.; 13 Jun. 2017; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Allotype CHINA • ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CAU. Paratype CHINA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 12.0 mm, wing length 15.0 mm, antenna length 4.0 mm (n = 2). HEAD (Figs 74–75). Mainly dark yellow. Vertex with dark brown stripe. Frontal tubercle relatively high. Proboscis relatively short, rostrum and nasus dark yellow. Setae on head dark brown. Scape yellow, pedicel pale yellow, flagellum dark brown. Proboscis and palpus brownish yellow. THORAX (Figs 74–75). Mainly dark yellow, heavily pruinescence. Pronotum brownish yellow with dark yellow setae. Prescutum mainly reddish yellow with four olive-brown striped pruinescence, velvety, two middle stripes virtually fused. Scutum with four reddish brown spots, with olive-brown striped pruinescence. Scutellum and mediotergite yellow with pale brown mid-longitudinal stripes. Thorax yellow in lateral view. Pleura below anterior thoracic spiracle to middle with an irregular brownish black spot; anepisternum and katepisternum pale brownish yellow. Setae on thorax yellow. Legs with coxae and bases of femora pale yellow, apices of femora brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Setae on legs brownish black. Wing light brown; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m1 shorter than discal cell (Fig. 76). Halter with stem dark yellow, knob brownish yellow. ABDOMEN (Figs 74–75). Mainly yellow. Abdominal dorsum with three brown longitudinal stripes, abdominal segment 6 brownish yellow, segments 7–9 brown. Setae on abdomen dark brown and yellow. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 79–83). Gonocoxite ends hook-like, not separated from sternite 9, tergite 9 bearing two pairs of lobes, longitudinally divided into two parts, slightly connected, inner margin with dense setae; a pair of emarginate arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9, inner margin black, other areas yellow. Sternite 9 with a median prominence, middle of sternite 9 slightly raised. Sternite 8 with abundant setae. Outer gonostylus slender and small, apex curly (Figs 79–81). Inner gonostylus, dorsal crest produced into fishtail, base of inner gonostylus and outer basal lobe of inner gonostylus inward-rolled, produced depression with a row of short setulae, outer basal lobe of inner gonostylus large triangular (Figs 80–81). Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 13 mm, wing length 15 mm, antenna length 2.4 mm (n = 1). COLORATION. Body color slightly paler than male. Antenna shorter than male, dark yellow. Legs paler than male, tibiae and tarsi dark yellow. Abdominal tergites each with three stripes, middle stripe brown, lateral stripes brownish black, abdominal 7–8 segments yellowish brown, 8th segment dark brown. Junction of each 3–9 segments brownish black (Fig. 77). OVIPOSITOR. Tergite 9 yellowish brown, tergite 10 yellow. Cercus dark yellow, slightly up-turned, outer margin without rough serration (Fig. 78). Distribution China (Tibet). Remarks The new species is similar to T. (V.) theowaldana Alexander, 1964 from Assam, India, but the latter differs in the following characters: basal abdominal tergites yellow; gonocoxite ends sharp and not hooked; tergite 9 with a pair of larger and elongate lobes. The species may form a new species group, perhaps together with T. (V.) theowaldana. However, we have not examined the specimens of the latter species and can therefore not say with certainty if these two species share characteristics that would separate them from existing species groups., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on pages 184-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464

Tipula (Vestiplex) scripta group Tipula (Vestiplex) subscripta Edwards, 1928, Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464, {"references":["Edwards F. W. 1928. Some nematocerous Diptera from Yunnan and Tibet. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 10 1: 681 - 703. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672840"]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) uncinella sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 635FCCE1-5615-49F6-B272-82142261A897 Figs 10–20, 86 Diagnosis Scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum grayish yellow. Prescutum with four grayish yellow stripes, all stripes with brown margins. Scutellum yellow with dark brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Mediotergite yellow with brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Tergite 9 separated medially, pair of angular arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9, arms with granulated margins. Base of posterior margin of inner gonostylus without a small protrusion; upper beak slightly twisted, lower beak curved, middle concave. Etymology The species is named after the uncinatus of the adminiculum, the Latin adjective ‘ uncinella ’ means ‘bearing hooks, barbed’. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Tibet, Bomi, Yigong; 30°16′19″ N, 94°48′28″ E; 2270 m a.s.l.; 5–7 May 2017; Qicheng Yang leg.; sweeping net; CAU. Paratypes CHINA • 12 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; CAU • 9 ♂♂; Tibet, Bomi, 106K; 29°50′04″ N, 94°44′36″ E; 2290 m a.s.l.; 17 May 2017; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 14.0 mm, wing length 18.0–20.0 mm, antenna length 3.0–3.5 mm (n = 22). HEAD (Figs 10, 12). Mainly yellow. Occipital stripe dark gray. Rostrum and nasus yellow. Setae on head brown. Scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum grayish yellow. Proboscis and palpus brownish yellow. THORAX (Figs 10, 12). Mainly yellow, heavily pruinose. Pronotum brownish yellow with yellow setae. Prescutum with four grayish yellow stripes, all stripes with brown margins, median stripe broadened apically and gradually narrowing to base, lateral stripes long-oval. Scutum yellow with four grayish yellow spots, anterior margins of anterior two spots brown. Scutellum yellow with dark brown midlongitudinal stripe. Mediotergite yellow with brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Thoracic pleuron yellow. Parascutellum yellow. Meron yellow. Setae on thorax yellow. Legs with coxae and femora yellow, femora with dark brown apices, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing variegated light brown; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m1 distinctly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 11). Halter with stem yellow, knob pale black with pale yellow apex. ABDOMEN (Figs 10, 12). Mainly yellow. Abdominal tergites each with three brown stripes. Abdominal segments 5–9 dark brown to black. Setae on abdomen brownish yellow. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 13–17, 20). Gonocoxite elongated, separated from sternite 9, posterior margin with an unusually strong and slender black spine, directed chiefly dorsally, slightly twisted. Tergite 9 separated medially, middle of posterior margin of lobe slightly protrude; a pair of angular black arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9, surface of arms not smooth, with granulated margin. Sternite 9 with a median prominence. Adminiculum narrow spade-like, apex slightly furcal, ventral caudal part with a small uncinate projection. Outer gonostylus anteriorly bent, posterior margin of basal half truncated (Fig. 16). Inner gonostylus with concavity at middle, posterior margin with big semicircular bulge; base of posterior margin of inner gonostylus without a small protrusion; upper beak slightly twisted, lower beak curved, middle concave (Fig. 14). Semen pump (Figs 18–19) as shown in figures. Aedeagus wide, basal width about 0.5 mm, gradually narrowing towards apex, and apex not bifurcated. Female Unknown or unrecognized. Distribution China (Tibet). Remarks The new species is similar to T. (V.) schizophallus (Alexander, 1973), but the latter differs in the following characters: arms of tergite 9 with only inner margin roughened; gonocoxite with an additional small spine (the one near posterior margin of basistylar suture); outer gonostylus with very abundant black setae from conspicuous punctures; apex of adminiculum profoundly divided into two long parallel spines, ventral caudal part without uncinatus. It is also similar T. (V.) deserrata Alexander, 1934 and T. (V.) factiosa Alexander, 1940, but the posterior margin of inner gonostylus in the latter has no protrusion. The posterior margin of tergite 9 of T. (V.) factiosa is smooth, its arms are large and strong.

Tipula (Vestiplex) platyphylla sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 36161517-739E-408A-8F37-B5161284802B Figs 66–73 Diagnosis Vertex with brownish black stripe. Scape, pedicel and first flagellar segment yellow, other flagellar segments bicolor, yellowish with dark brown base. Scutellum and mediotergite dark yellow with dark gray mid-longitudinally. Prescutum dark yellow with four stripes, median stripes reddish brown, lateral stripes dark. Tergite 9 of male separated medially, with fleshy upper tergal lobes flattened, and two widened black sclerotized blades at a lower level. Etymology The species is named after the shape of blades of tergite 9, the Latin adjective ‘ platyphylla ’ refers to ‘having flat leaves’. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Tibet, Bomi, Tongmai (通麦); coordinates of the town: 30°06′00″ N, 95°04′56″ E; 21 Aug. 2011; Lihua Wang leg.; light trap; specific geographic coordinates and altitude not recorded; CAU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 15.0 mm, wing length 17.5 mm, antenna length 5.0 mm (n = 1). HEAD (Figs 66, 68). Mainly reddish yellow. Vertex with brownish black stripe. Rostrum and nasus dark yellow. Setae on head dark brown. Scape, pedicel and first flagellar segment yellow, other flagellar segments bicolor, yellowish with dark brown base. Proboscis brown; palpus yellowish brown. THORAX (Figs 66, 68). Mainly reddish yellow with dark yellow pruinescence. Pronotum reddish yellow with yellow setae. Prescutum dark yellow with four reddish brown stripes, median stripes broadened apically and gradually narrowing to base, lateral stripes long-oval, dark reddish brown. Scutum almost entirely brown with four olive-gray pruinose spots. Scutellum and mediotergite dark yellow with dark gray mid-longitudinally. Thoracic pleuron reddish yellow. Anepisternum pale brown. Setae on thorax yellow. Legs with coxae and femora dark yellow, femora with dark brown apices and brown middle portion, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing variegated light brown; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m 1 shorter than discal cell (Fig. 67). Halter with stem yellow, knob pale yellow with dark brown lower margin. ABDOMEN (Figs 66, 68). Mainly yellow. Middle of abdominal tergites 1–2 with pale brown stripes, other tergites without spot. Abdominal segments 5–9 brown. Setae on abdomen yellow. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 69–73). Gonocoxite elongated, separated from sternite 9, gonocoxite ends with a sharp black upper spine, directed chiefly upward, bottom of gonocoxite also with a black upper spine (Figs 69, 73). Posterior margin of membranous suture between tergite 9 and gonocoxite with a spiny projection. Tergite 9 separated medially, with fleshy upper tergal lobes flattened, two widened sclerotized blades at a lower level, apex of blade black and serrulate. Sternite 9 with a median prominence; apex of appendages of sternite 9 slender, basally dilated. Outer gonostylus slender, strip-shaped; stem almost without setae (Fig. 71). Inner gonostylus with a subtriangular elevation, lower beak close to base of upper beak (Fig. 72). Female Unknown or unrecognized. Distribution China (Tibet). Remarks The new species is similar to T. (V.) gandharva Alexander, 1951 from India (Assam) and Myanmar, but the latter differs in the following characters: dorsolateral extensions of tergite 9 long and slender, sclerotized ventral blades much less massive; the spine of gonocoxite is smaller than this new species., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on pages 180-184, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464

Tipula (Vestiplex) himalayensis Brunetti, 1911 Figs 51–57, 86 Tipula himalayensis Brunetti, 1911: 252. Type locality: India: Darjeeling. Tipula (Vestiplex) subreposita Alexander, 1942: 39. Type locality: India: Darjiling, Mangpu. Tipula himalayensis – Edwards 1924: 305. Tipula (Vestiplex) himalayensis – Alexander 1942: 41; 1963: 325. — Joseph 1974: 269. — Starkevich & Podenas 2011: 276. — Starkevich 2012: 75. — Pilipenko et al. 2019: 10. Diagnosis Scape yellow, pedicel pale yellow, first flagellar segment yellowish brown, other flagellar segments dark brown. Middle of abdominal tergites 2–4 with pale brown spots, both sides each with brown stripe. Gonocoxite strongly elongated. Outer gonostylus brownish black, without setae except margins of apex and base with few setae. Inner gonostylus with upper beak bearing born-like elevation. Material examined CHINA • 2 ♂♂; Tibet, Bomi, Yigong; 30°16′19″ N, 94°48′28″ E; 2200 m a.s.l.; 5 May 2017; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Redescription Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 15.0 mm, wing length 17.0 mm, antenna length 4.0 mm (n = 2). HEAD (Figs 51, 53). Mainly reddish yellow. Vertex with brown stripe. Rostrum and nasus dark yellow. Setae on head dark brown. Scape yellow, pedicel pale yellow, first flagellar segment yellowish brown, other flagellar segments dark brown. Proboscis and palpus brownish yellow. THORAX (Figs 51, 53). Mainly dark yellow, heavily pruinose. Pronotum dark yellow with dark yellow setae, middle pale brown and both sides with a pale brown spot. Prescutum dark yellow with four reddish brown stripes, median stripes broadened apically and gradually narrowing to base. Scutum with four reddish brown spots. Scutellum yellow with black mid-longitudinal stripe. Mediotergite yellow. Thoracic pleuron reddish yellow. Setae on thorax yellow. Legs with coxae and femora yellow, femora with brownish black apices and middle portions, tibiae and tarsi brownish black. Setae on legs brownish black. Wing light brown; pterostigma pale brown; petiole of cell m 1 slightly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 52). Halter with stem yellow, knob pale yellow. ABDOMEN (Figs 51, 53). Mainly yellow. Middle of abdominal tergites 2–4 with pale brown sports, both sides each with a brown stripe. Abdominal segment 5 yellowish brown, segments 6–9 brownish black. Setae on abdomen yellow. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 54–57). Gonocoxite strongly elongated, thick, separated from sternite 9. Tergite 9 longitudinally divided into two parts, a bridge present between them. Sternite 9 with a median prominence. Outer gonostylus sclerotized, brownish black, without setae except margins of apex and base with few setae. Inner gonostylus with setae dorsally; upper beak with a horn-like elevation bearing 2 setae at tip, base of upper beak with 2 distinct setae; inner gonostylus with setae dorsally (Fig. 55). Female See Brunetti (1911). Distribution China (Tibet, Yunnan); India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, W Bengal); Myanmar; Vietnam. Remarks Here, we add new distributional data and new illustrations. Yigong Township is now the current northernmost distribution of T. (V.) himalayensis. The species was considered by Brunetti to be variable but within certain limits and can be easily recognized by the pale yellow wide ring on all the femora about as far from the tip as the width of the ring. We examined other additional material, in addition to the previously indicated: 1 ♂ (paratype) Darjiling; 6000 feet a.s.l.; 22 Sep. 1908; Brunetti (USNM) / 1 ♂ (syntype) Darjiling; 20 Oct. 1905; Brunetti (BMNH(E)#246064). There is no difference in the characteristics of the femora of the three, but the wing veins are slightly different. It seems that the difference in the wing veins shown in Joseph’s illustrations (Joseph 1974) can be regarded as intraspecific variation. But there are also some differences in the shape of inner gonostylus as shown in the illustrations, especially the beak different from others. It is necessary to make further observations on the specimens of ZSI., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on pages 174-177, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464, {"references":["Brunetti E. 1911. Revision of the Oriental Tipulidae with descriptions of new species. Records of the Indian Museum 6: 231 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21334","Alexander C. P. 1942. The Oriental Tipulidae in the collection of the Indian museum. Part II. Records of the Indian Museum 44: 29 - 72.","Edwards F. W. 1924. Notes on the types of Diptera Nematocera (Mycetophilidae and Tipulidae), described by Mr. E. Brunetti. Records of the Indian Museum 26: 291 - 307.","Alexander C. P. 1963. Some Tipulidae from Tibet and upper Burma in the British museum (natural history) (Diptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 14: 319 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8785","Joseph A. N. T. 1974. The Brunetti types of Tipulidae (Diptera) in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Part III. Tipula Linnaeus. Oriental Insects 8: 241 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1974.10434860","Starkevich P. & Podenas S. 2011. New faunistic records of Tipula (Vestiplex) crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae) for China and Myanmar. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 21: 273 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10043 - 011 - 0030 - 2","Starkevich P. 2012. Taxonomic and phylogentic review of the subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924 (Diptera, Tipulidae). Summary of PhD Thesis, Vilnius University, Biomedical Sciences, Zoology: 1 - 33.","Pilipenko V. E., Starkevich P. & Gavryushin D. I. 2019. A new Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi crane fly species (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Vietnam. Journal of the New York Entomologial Society 125: 10 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 1947 - 5136 - 125.1.10"]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) virgatula group Tipula (Vestiplex) opilionimorpha opilionimorpha Savchenko, 1955, Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464

Tipula (Vestiplex) nigroapicalis Brunetti, 1911 Figs 58–65 Tipula nigroapicalis Brunetti, 1911: 257. Type locality: India: Darjiling. Tipula lepcha Alexander, 1958: 151. Type locality: Nepal: Simbhanjang Pass. Tipula nigroapicalis – Edwards 1928: 692. Tipula (Vestiplex) nigroapicalis – Alexander 1953: 342; 1968: 91. — Pilipenko et al. 2019: 10. Tipula lepcha – Alexander 1960: 144. Diagnosis Occipital stripe dark brown. Rostrum brownish yellow, nasus brown with yellow setae. Scape brownish yellow and pedicel pale yellow, first flagellar segment brownish yellow, other flagellar segments black. Scutum yellow with four brownish black spots, which are virtually confluent on each side, anterior two spots small; all spots with olive-gray pruinescence. Upper part of fore coxa brownish black. Inner gonostylus with upper beak sharp bearing, a semicircular striped raise at base; posterior crest produced backward. Adminiculum with a pair of long projections on both sides, longer than apex of phallic guide. Material examined CHINA • 3 ♂♂; Tibet, Yadong; 27°29′52″ N, 88°55′51″ E; 3200 m a.s.l.; 12 Jul. 2018; Qicheng Yang leg.; light trap; CAU. Redescription Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 12.0–13.0 mm, wing length 15.0 mm, antenna length 3.0 mm (n = 3). HEAD (Figs 58, 60). Mainly brownish yellow. Occipital stripe dark brown. Rostrum brownish yellow, nasus brown with yellow setae. Setae on head brownish black. Scape brownish yellow, pedicel pale yellow, first flagellar segment brownish yellow, other flagellar segments black. Proboscis and palpus black. THORAX (Figs 58, 60). Mainly brownish yellow, heavily yellow and gray pruinescence. Pronotum brownish gray. Prescutum with four dark brownish black stripes, median stripes virtually confluent, broadened apically and gradually narrowing to base, lateral stripes long-oval; all stripes with olive-gray pruinescence. Scutum yellow with four dark brownish black spots, which are virtually confluent on each side, anterior two spots small, all spots with olive-gray pruinescence. Scutellum yellow with dark brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Mediotergite yellow, middlly pale gray with dark brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Scutellum and mediotergite with golden pruinescence. Thoracic pleuron with yellow pruinescence. Anepisternum and katepisternum yellow, each with a brownish black anterior lower spot. Anepimeron yellow with a small brownish black upper spot; katepimeron yellow. Meron yellow with brownish black lower part. Parascutellum yellow. Anatergite and katatergite yellow. Setae on thorax dark yellow. Legs with coxae and femora yellow, except upper part of fore coxa brownish black, femora with black apices; tibiae brownish yellow with black apices; tarsi dark black. Setae on legs black. Wing yellowish brown; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m 1 slightly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 59). Halter with stem brown, knob grayish black with pale gray apex. ABDOMEN (Figs 58, 60). Mainly yellow.Abdominal tergites each with three brown stripes, middle stripe pale. Abdominal segments 7–9 brownish black. Setae on abdomen yellow except black setae on middle stripe. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 61–65). Gonocoxite elongated into dagger-shaped extension, separated from sternite 9. Posterior margin of tergite 9 depressed medially, connected by a short bridge. Sternite 9, adminiculum trident-shaped, with a pair of long projections on both sides, longer than apex of phallic guide, ventral part of adminiculum with a large projection. Outer gonostylus black, with a central bulge posterior margin bearing subtriangular protrusion (Fig. 62). Inner gonostylus with upper beak sharp, base of beak with a semicircular striped raise; posterior crest produced backward (Fig. 63). Female See Brunetti (1911). Distribution China (Tibet); India (Uttarakhand, W Bengal); Nepal (Simbhanjang Pass)., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on pages 177-180, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464, {"references":["Brunetti E. 1911. Revision of the Oriental Tipulidae with descriptions of new species. Records of the Indian Museum 6: 231 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21334","Alexander C. P. 1958. Undescribed species of crane-flies from the Himalaya mountains (Tipulidae, Diptera). II. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 65: 147 - 157.","Edwards F. W. 1928. Some nematocerous Diptera from Yunnan and Tibet. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 10 1: 681 - 703. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672840","Alexander C. P. 1953. The Oriental Tipulidae in the collection of the Indian museum. Part III. Records of the Indian Museum 50: 321 - 357.","Alexander C. P. 1968. The crane flies (Trichoceridae and Tipulidae: Diptera). Khumbu Himal 3: 82 - 100.","Pilipenko V. E., Starkevich P. & Gavryushin D. I. 2019. A new Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi crane fly species (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Vietnam. Journal of the New York Entomologial Society 125: 10 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 1947 - 5136 - 125.1.10","Alexander C. P. 1960. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XLVI. Philippine Journal of Science 88: 137 - 184."]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) eurydice group Tipula (Vestiplex) eurydice Alexander, 1961, Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464

Tipula (Vestiplex) zayulensis Alexander, 1963 Figs 30–38 Tipula (Vestiplex) zayulensis Alexander, 1963: 328. Type locality: China: Tibet, Zayul. Diagnosis Occipital stripe dark brown, middle wide, anterior part extended to vertex. All sterno-pleurites with dark brown margins. Tergite 9 longitudinally divided into two parts, posterior margin with long setae, and a bridge between them, a pair of angular arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9. Inner gonostylus with concavity at middle, concavity with many bristles, lower margin of concavity with bristled raise; base of inner gonostylus inward-rolled, enwrapped black and swollen lower beak; upper beak relatively obtuse, slightly recurved. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂; Tibet, Chayu, Longgucun (AE古村); 28°50′44″ N, 97°29′29″ E; 2640 m a.s.l.; 7 Jul. 2015; Shaolin Han leg.; CAU • 2 ♂♂; Tibet, Chayu, Shuidianqiao (水ΨΚ); 28°39′60″ N, 97°28′07″ E; 2640 m a.s.l.; 12 Jun. 2019; Qicheng Yang leg.; sweeping net; CAU • 1 ♂; Tibet, Chayu County; 28°39′49″ N, 97°27′52″ E; 2337 m a.s.l.; Jun. 2020; Hui Wang leg.; CAU. Redescription Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 18.5 mm, wing length 20.0 mm, antenna length 4.0 mm (n = 3). HEAD (Figs 30, 32). Mainly yellow. Occipital stripe dark brown, middle wide, anterior part extended to vertex. Rostrum and nasus yellow, nasus long. Setae on head dark brown. Scape yellow, pedicel pale yellow, flagellum yellowish brown. Proboscis and palpus yellowish dark brown. THORAX (Figs 30, 32). Mainly brownish yellow, heavily gray pruinescence. Pronotum yellowish brown, middle and both side each with brown spot. Prescutum yellowish brown with four brown stripes, all stripes with dark brown margins. Scutum yellowish brown with four dark brown spots. Scutellum yellowish brown with dark brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Mediotergite brown with dark brown midlongitudinal stripe. Thoracic pleuron brownish yellow. All sterno-pleurite with dark brown margins. Setae on thorax yellow. Legs with coxae yellow, femora with dark brown tips; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Setae on legs dark brown. Wing variegated pale brown; pterostigma brown; petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 31). Halter with stem yellow, knob greyish black. ABDOMEN (Figs 30, 32). Mainly yellow. Abdominal tergites each with three stripes, middle stripe brown, bilateral stripes black. Abdominal segments 6–9 dark black. Setae on abdomen brownish yellow. HYPOPYGIUM (Figs 33–38). Gonocoxite slightly elongated, separated from sternite 9. Tergite 9 longitudinally divided into two parts, posterior margin with long setae, and a bridge between them, a pair of angular arms arising from ventral surface of tergite 9. Sternite 9 with a pair of very short appendages, as shown in figure, with a long seta (Fig. 35), covered by inner gonostylus and not visible in the lateral external view. Outer gonostylus relatively small, posterior margin basally slightly wide (Fig. 34). Inner gonostylus with concavity at middle, concavity with many bristles, lower margin with bristled raise; base of inner gonostylus inward-rolled, enwrapped black and swollen lower beak; upper beak relatively obtuse, slightly recurved (Fig. 36). Female Described by Alexander (1963). Distribution China: Tibet., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on pages 166-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464, {"references":["Alexander C. P. 1963. Some Tipulidae from Tibet and upper Burma in the British museum (natural history) (Diptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 14: 319 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8785"]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) subtincta group in Tibet Tipula (Vestiplex) distifurca Alexander, 1942 Tipula (Vestiplex) platyphylla sp. nov., Published as part of Yang, Qi-cheng, Pan, Zhao-hui, Liu, Xiao-yan & Yang, Ding, 2021, Six new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Tibet, pp. 152-192 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1) on page 180, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1477, http://zenodo.org/record/5514464, {"references":["Alexander C. P. 1942. The Oriental Tipulidae in the collection of the Indian museum. Part II. Records of the Indian Museum 44: 29 - 72."]}