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The insect order Psocodea is a diverse lineage comprising both parasitic (Phthiraptera) and nonparasitic members (Psocoptera). The extreme age and ecological diversity of the group may be associated with major genomic changes, such as base compositional biases expected to affect phylogenetic inference. Divergent morphology between parasitic and nonparasitic members has also obscured the origins of parasitism within the order. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis on the order Psocodea utilizing both transcriptome and genome sequencing to obtain a data set of 2370 orthologous genes. All phylogenomic analyses, including both concatenated and coalescent methods suggest a single origin of parasitism within the order Psocodea, resolving conflicting results from previous studies. This phylogeny allows us to propose a stable ordinal level classification scheme that retains significant taxonomic names present in historical scientific literature and reflects the evolution of the group as a whole. A dating analysis, with internal nodes calibrated by fossil evidence, suggests an origin of parasitism that predates the K-Pg boundary. Nucleotide compositional biases are detected in third and first codon positions and result in the anomalous placement of the Amphientometae as sister to Psocomorpha when all nucleotide sites are analyzed. Likelihood-mapping and quartet sampling methods demonstrate that base compositional biases can also have an effect on quartet-based methods.[Illumina; Phthiraptera; Psocoptera; quartet sampling; recoding methods.]

Myrsidea dalgleishi Valim, Price & Johnson n. sp. (Figs. 28 ���29, 33��� 35) Type host. Glyphorynchus spirurus (Vieillot, 1819) ���the Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptidae). Female (n = 3). Habitus as in Fig. 28. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.03 long; DHS 11, 0.09 long. Gula with 4 setae on each side (rarely 5 on one side). Metanotum with 9���11 setae on posterior margin. Setae of femoral brush, 11���14. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 33. Tergites of similar size, tergite I with very slight medioposterior convexity. With a conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 10���13; II, 12��� 14; III, 14���17; IV, 13���15; V, 14���16; VI, 14���15; VII, 11���12; VIII, 9���10. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.11���0.17) on III, V, VI and VII, and extremely long (0.24���0.38) on I, II, IV, and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 3 setae (rarely 4 on one side), posterior margin with 11���14 and anteriorly with 7���8; III, 18���22; IV, 22���24; V, 25���27; VI, 19���21; VII, 8���10; VIII���IX with 9���10 marginal and 7���9 anterior setae. Each pleurite III���VII with about 4���5 short marginal setae. Anus with 30���34 ventral fringe setae, 30���34 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.41; HL, 0.28���0.29; PW, 0.24���0.25; PSPL, 0.10; MW, 0.37���0.39; MSPL, 0.13���0.14; AWIV, 0.50���0.51; ANW, 0.18���0.20; TL, 1.29���1.36. Male (n = 3). Habitus as in Fig. 29. Gula with 4 setae on each side. Metanotum with 6���10 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 6 setae. Setae of femoral brush, 10���11. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 34. Tergal setae: I, 10���12; II, 11���12; III���IV, 12���13; V, 12; VI, 10���12; VII, 9���10; VIII, 8. A conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 3 setae (rarely 4 on one site), posterior margin with 12 and anteriorly with 7; III, 17; IV, 18���20; V, 21���22; VI, 18���19; VII, 9���10; VIII, 5���6. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 35, rounded apically, without lateral projections. Dimensions: TW, 0.39; HL, 0.26; PW, 0.23���0.24; PSPL, 0.09; MW, 0.32���0.33; MSPL, 0.12; AWIV, 0.40���0.41; GL, 0.35���0.36; GSL, 0.09���0.10; TL, 1.07���1.09. Type material. Holotype female, ex Glyphorynchus spirurus, Costa Rica: San Jose, Tinamaste, 12 km SW San Isidro de El General, 1 February 2000, R.C. Dalgleish, Fisher & JS # 3078. Paratypes: 2 males and 2 females, same data as holotype. One pair of paratypes at MZUSP. Additional material. 1 male and 1 nymph, ex G. spirurus, # 1103, PERU: Madre de Dios, Cerro de Pantiacolla, elev. 680 m, 16 November 1985, D.H. Clayton coll., at FMNH; 1 nymph, ex G. s p i r u r u s, same data except 9 November 1985, at FMNH. Remarks. Myrsidea dalgleishi n. sp. can be easily distinguished from M. souleyetii Sychra, 2007 (Figs. 22, 23) by its smaller measurements and by the length of postspiracular setae on VII in both sexes (long in M. souleyetii). Males can be distinguished by sternite VII with reduced number of setae (20 setae in M. souleyetii), curvature of parameres (strongly curved in M. souleyetii), and the distinct male genital sclerites. This new species was previously found by Sychra et al. (2007) on G. s p i r u r u s also in Costa Rica, but it was regarded as ��� Myrsidea sp. 2 ��� after the examination and description of only one female specimen. The color pattern described by those authors is also present in our specimens of M. dalgleishi n. sp. (see Figs. 28, 29). Etymology. This species is named after Robert C. Dalgleish (1940���2009) in recognition of his contributions to the taxonomy of lice, especially his efforts in studying the genus Myrsidea., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Sychra, O., Literak, I., Capek, M. & Havlicek, M. (2007) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from Ovenbirds, Leaftossers and Woodcreepers (Passeriformes: Furnariidae: Furnariinae, Sclerurinae, Dendrocolaptinae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species of the genera Rallicola and Myrsidea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 43 (1), 117 - 126."]}

Myrsidea castroae Valim, Price and Johnson n. sp. (Figs. 40 ���41, 46��� 48) Type host. Atlapetes albinucha gutturalis (Lafresnaye, 1843) ���the White-naped Brush-Finch (Emberizidae). Female (n = 3). Habitus as in Fig. 40. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.03 long; DHS 11, 0.11 long. Gula with 4 setae on each side (rarely 5 on one side). Metanotum with 11���13 setae on posterior margin. Setae of femoral brush, 11���16. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 46. Abdomen with tergites of similar size, tergites II���III with very slight medioposterior convexity. Tergal setae, except on I, with continuous row across segment. Tergal setae: I, 8; II, 18���19; III, 23���26; IV, 23; V, 23���24; VI, 22���25; VII, 19���20; VIII, 16. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.18���0.25) on I, III, V, and VI, and extremely long (0.36���0.44) on II, IV, VII and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae, posterior margin with 17���18 and anteriorly with 10���12; III, 24���26; IV, 28; V, 32���37; VI, 31; VII, 16���18; VIII���IX with 10 marginal, 9���10 anterior setae. Sternite III concave anteriorly. Each pleurite II���V with about 5 short marginal setae, 2 of these long on V���VIII. Anus with 33 ventral fringe setae, 30���32 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.42���0.43; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28���0.29; PSPL, 0.10; MW, 0.42���0.43; MSPL, 0.14; AWIV, 0.58���0.59; ANW, 0.19��� 0.20; TL, 1.41���1.47. Male (n = 1). Habitus as in Fig. 41. Gula with 4 setae on each side. Metanotum with 11 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 7 setae. Setae of femoral brush, 12���13. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 47. Tergal setae, except on I, with continuous row across segment. Tergal setae: I, 10; II, 22; III, 22; IV, 25; V, 24; VI, 25; VII, 20; VIII, 18. Tergal and postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae, posterior margin with 16 and anteriorly with 13; III, 21; IV, 25; V, 30; VI, 26; VII, 18; VIII, 8. Long setae on pleurites on IV���VII. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 48, with slight apical indentation and distinct subapical lateral projections. Dimensions: TW, 0.39; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.27; PSPL, 0.10; MW, 0.36; MSPL, 0.12; AWIV, 0.43; GL, 0.38; GSL, 0.09; TL, 1.20. Type material. Holotype female, ex Atlapetes albinucha gutturalis, GMS 1990, PANAMA: Palo Seco, 22 February 2006, K.P. Johnson coll. Paratypes: 1 male and 2 females (females DNA voucher Mysp.Atgut.6.6.2007.8 and Mysp.Atgut.4.26.2006.4), same data as holotype. One female paratype at MZUSP. Remarks. This species belongs to the ��� campestris species group��� (sensu Price and Dalgleish, 2007). It is morphologically close to Myrsidea coronatae Price &Dalgleish, 2007 by lacking a median gap in tergal rows for both sexes. However, M. castroae n. sp. can be easily distinguish by its smaller total length (males of M. coronatae 1.29���1.35; females 1.61���1.66) as well as by other measurements; by a smaller number of setae on tergite I in both sexes (males of M. coronatae 16���18, females 13���15); by tergites I���III only slightly enlarged (with modest medioposterior convexity in M. coronatae); by lacking long setae on pleurite IV of females; and by differences in the male genital sac sclerite. The result of the analyses of partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene (Fig. 49) shows M. castroae n. sp. sister to M.rozsai. Females of M. castroae n. sp. differ from those of M. rozsai (II, 23���26; III���IV, 27���32) by fewer numbers of setae on tergites II���IV and the males of M. castroae n. sp. differ from those of M. rozsai (I, 18���22) by fewer number of setae on tergite I. Etymology. This species is named after Dolores del C. Castro (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina) in recognition of her many contributions to the taxonomy of South American lice., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2007) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Emberizidae (Passeriformes), with descriptions of 13 new species. Zootaxa, 1467, 1 - 18."]}

Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 Type species. Myrsidea victrix Waterston, 1915, by original designation. A thorough characterization of this genus may be found in Clay (1966) and in papers referring to some of the host groups treated herein (Dalgleish & Price 2005; Price et al. 2005; Price & Dalgleish, 2007)., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Clay, T. (1966) Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston. I. (Menoponidae: Mallophaga). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) - Entomology, 17, 327 - 395.","Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2007) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Emberizidae (Passeriformes), with descriptions of 13 new species. Zootaxa, 1467, 1 - 18."]}

Myrsidea meyi Valim, Price and Johnson n. sp. (Figs. 21, 26���27, 30��� 32) Type host. Syndactyla subalaris (Sclater, 1859) ���the Lineated Foliage-gleaner (Furnariidae). Female (n = 1). Habitus as in Fig. 26. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.08 long; DHS 11, 0.11 long. Gula with 4 setae on each side. Metanotum with 7 setae on posterior margin. Setae of femoral brush, 14. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 30. Metanotum enlarged posteriorly, tergite I divided into two pieces, one on each side of the metanotum, tergites II���IV with median setae finer and placed anteriorly from the posterior margin, tergite V compressed by IV with setae on its posterior margin, tergites VI���VII unmodified and of similar size. With conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 10; II, 16; III, 17; IV���VI, 18; VII, 12; VIII, 6. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.11���0.15) on III, V and VI, and extremely long (0.30���0.43) on I, II, IV, VII and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 13 and anteriorly with 10; III, 25; IV, 31; V, 30; VI, 25; VII, 19; VIII���IX with 13 marginal and 12 anterior setae. Each pleurite III���VII with about 5���7 short marginal setae. Anus with 36 ventral fringe setae, 31 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.49; HL, 0.34; PW, 0.31; PSPL, 0.12; MW, 0.50; MSPL, 0.15; AWIV, 0.65; ANW, 0.24; TL, 1.54. Male (n = 2). Habitus as in Fig. 27. Gula with 4 setae on each side (one paratype with 3 on each side). Metanotum with 6 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 6 setae as in Fig. 21. Setae of femoral brush, 11���14. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 31. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 6���7; II, 13���14; III, 14���16; IV, 15���16; V, 16; VI, 14���15; VII, 9���11; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 8���11 and anteriorly with 8; III, 20���22; IV, 22���24; V, 22���25; VI, 22��� 24; VII, 14���15; VIII, 6���9. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 32. Dimensions: TW, 0.45; HL, 0.31; PW, 0.29���0.30; PSPL, 0.10���0.11; MW, 0.39���0.41; MSPL, 0.13; AWIV, 0.49; GL, 0.42���0.46; GSL, 0.06; TL, 1.23���1.33. Type material. Female holotype, ex Syndactyla subalaris, JK06- 276, Panama: Palo Seco, 25 February 2006, K.P. Johnson coll. Paratypes: 1 male, same data as holotype; 1 male (DNA voucher Mysp.Sybub.5.1.2006.3), same data as holotype except JK06-325, 27 February 2006. One male paratype (JK06- 325) at MZUSP. Other specimens. 1 nymph (DNA voucher Mysp.Sysub.6.6.2007.2), same data as holotype; 1 nymph (DNA voucher Mysp.Sysub.6.6.2007.4), same data as holotype except JK06-325, 27 February 2006. Remarks. Females of M. meyi n. sp. are morphologically separable from the other species found on furnariids (e.g. M. strobilisternata, M. calvi, M. ochrolaemi, and M. waterstoni n. sp.) by the division of tergite I into two lateral pieces (entire in other species) and by the placement of setal insertions on tergal segments II���IV on the middle portion of segments instead of on the posterior margin. Males are unique in the reduction of number and size of setae on tergite I (Fig. 31). Etymology. This species is named after Eberhard Mey (Naturhistorisches Museum im Th��ringer Landesmuseum Heidecksburg, Rudolstadt, Germany), in recognition of his contributions to the taxonomy of lice., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624

Myrsidea cinnamomei Dalgleish & Price, 2005 (Fig. 38 ���39, 45) Type host. Pachyramphus cinnamomeus Lawrence, 1861 ��� the Cinnamon Becard (Cotingidae). Female (n = 2). Habitus as in Fig. 38. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.06 long; DHS 11, 0.10 long. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metanotum with 11���13 setae on posterior margin. Setae of femoral brush, 23���25. Tergite I enlarged with broadly rounded medioposterior prolongation resulting in distortion of tergites II���IV. Tergites V���VIII unmodified and of similar size. With conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 14���19; II, 17���18; III, 16���18; IV, 17���18; V, 15���16; VI, 11���14; VII, 8���11; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.17���0.19) on III, V and VI, and extremely long (0.28���0.54) on I, II, IV, VII and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae (one specimen with 5 on both sides), posterior margin with 19 and anteriorly with 7; III, 23���26; IV, 37��� 40; V, 43���45; VI, 34���38; VII, 14���17; VIII���IX with 11���13 marginal and 9���10 anterior setae. Each pleurite III���VII with about 6���10 short marginal setae. Anus with 37 ventral fringe setae, 36���41 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.45��� 0.48; HL, 0.34���0.35; PW, 0.30; PSPL, 0.12���0.13; MW, 0.46���0.47; MSPL, 0.18; AWIV, 0.60���0.63; ANW, 0.23��� 0.25; TL, 1.57���1.62. Male (n = 1). Habitus as in Fig. 39. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metanotum with 10 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 6 setae. Setae of femoral brush, 20���21. Tergal setae: I, 10; II���III, 16; IV, 14; V, 16; VI, 15; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae (rarely 5 on one side), posterior margin with 14 and anteriorly with 8; III, 21; IV, 34; V, 37; VI, 31; VII, 19; VIII, 6. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 45. Dimensions: TW, 0.44; HL, 0.30; PW, 0.29; PSPL, 0.11; MW, 0.40; MSPL, 0.15; AWIV, 0.47; GL, 0.43; GSL, 0.10; TL, 1.36. Material examined. 1 male and 1 female (female DNA voucher Mysp.Pahom.4.24.2006.4), ex Pachyramphus homochrous Sclater, 1859, GMS 1814, Panama: Lago Bayano, 16 February 2006, K.P. Johnson coll. 1 female, same data, except GMS 1815. Remarks. This species was described by Dalgleish & Price (2005) from 8 specimens collected on Pachyramphus cinnamomeus from Costa Rica. It is herein redescribed to add new data based on material from an additional host species, in particular the variability in the shape of the genital sac sclerite of the male (compare Fig. 45 with fig. 3 in Dalgleish & Price 2005). In other aspects, our 3 specimens from P. homochrous agree with the original description of M. cinnamomei. This sample represents a new host-association and a new geographical record for this louse species., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on pages 13-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624

Myrsidea ochrolaemi Sychra, 2007 (Figs. 3 ���6, 9���12, 16, 19) Type host. Automolus ochrolaemus (Tschudi, 1844) ��� the Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner (Furnariidae). Female (n = 23). Habitus as in Figs. 3, 4. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.05 long; DHS 11, 0.10 long. Gula with 4 setae on each side (rarely 3 or 5 on one side). Metanotum with 11���17 setae on posterior margin. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 9. Tergites unmodified, of similar size, with conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row limited to segments IV���VIII. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.10���0.14) on III, V and VI, longer (0.22) on I, and extremely long (0.32���0.58) on II, IV, VII and VIII. Each pleurite III���VII with about 5���7 short marginal setae. Anus with 40���47 ventral fringe setae, 38���48 dorsal. The following chaetotaxic and morphometric data for female specimens are given separately for each host species: From Automolus ochrolaemus (n = 6): Setae of femoral brush, 13���17. Tergal setae: I, 24���31; II, 26���31; III, 26��� 29; IV, 23���31; V, 19���26; VI, 18���24; VII, 15���20; VIII, 8���12. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae (rarely 4 on one side), posterior margin with 10���12 and anteriorly with 8���10; III, 23���29; IV, 41���45; V, 41���48; VI, 40���42; VII, 19��� 24; VIII���IX with 12���14 marginal and 17���22 anterior setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.47���0.50; HL, 0.33���0.34; PW, 0.32��� 0.35; PSPL, 0.12; MW, 0.49���0.56; MSPL, 0.16���0.17; AWIV, 0.65���0.69; ANW, 0.25���0.27; TL, 1.57���1.67. From Automolus infuscatus (Sclater, 1856) (n = 4): Setae of femoral brush, 12���17. Tergal setae: I, 26���30; II, 25���30; III, 26���28; IV, 22���29; V, 20���24; VI, 20���21; VII, 17���19; VIII, 10���13. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 10���12 and anteriorly with 7���8; III, 22���29; IV, 39���42; V, 40���45; VI, 36���40; VII, 22���25; VIII���IX with 12���15 marginal and 20���22 anterior setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.46���0.48; HL, 0.33; PW, 0.31���0.32; PSPL, 0.12; MW, 0.47���0.51; MSPL, 0.15���0.17; AWIV, 0.63���0.67; ANW, 0.24���0.27; TL, 1.46���1.55. From Anabacerthia variegaticeps (Sclater, 1857) (n = 1): Setae of femoral brush, 14���15. Tergal setae: I, 35; II, 37; III, 29; IV, 28; V���VI, 22; VII, 17; VIII, 8. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 11 and anteriorly with 7; III, 25; IV, 46; V, 47; VI, 40; VII, 21; VIII���IX with 17 marginal and 22 anterior setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.50; HL, 0.34; PW, 0.32; PSPL, 0.13; MW, 0.54; MSPL, 0.17; AWIV, 0.70; ANW, 0.28; TL, 1.74. Male (n = 20). Habitus as in Figs. 5 ��� 6. Gula with 4 setae on each side (rarely 3 or 5 on one side). Metanotum with 11���13 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 6���8 setae, as in Fig. 19. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 10. With conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row limited to segments III���VIII. Postspiracular setae as for female. Genitalia as in Fig. 11, broad sac sclerite with concave lateral projections as in Fig. 12. The following chaetotaxic and morphometric data for male specimens are given separately for each host species: From Automolus ochrolaemus (n = 6): Setae of femoral brush, 12���13. Tergal setae: I, 19���22; II, 20���23; III���IV, 19���24; V, 19���21; VI, 17���20; VII, 16���19; VIII, 10���13. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae (rarely 4 or 6 on one site), posterior margin with 11���15 and anteriorly with 8���13; III, 21���25; IV, 29���36; V, 31���35; VI, 29���34; VII, 20��� 25; VIII, 10���12. Dimensions: TW, 0.44���0.46; HL, 0.30���0.32; PW, 0.30���0.31; PSPL, 0.10���0.12; MW, 0.40���0.43; MSPL, 0.13���0.14; AWIV, 0.49���0.52; GL, 0.42���0.48; GSL, 0.07���0.08; TL, 1.33���1.42. From Automolus infuscatus (n = 4): Setae of femoral brush, 12���14. Tergal setae: I, 17���23; II, 19���22; III, 19��� 24; IV, 19���21; V, 18���20; VI, 18���21; VII, 17���19; VIII, 10���12. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 11���13 and anteriorly with 8���9; III, 19���21; IV, 27���31; V, 29���32; VI, 27���32; VII, 20���23; VIII, 11���14. Dimensions: TW, 0.42���0.43; HL, 0.28���0.31; PW, 0.28���0.30; PSPL, 0.10���0.11; MW, 0.37���0.39; MSPL, 0.13���0.15; AWIV, 0.47���0.49; GL, 0.42���0.45; GSL, 0.06���0.07; TL, 1.27���1.31. From Anabacerthia variegaticeps (n = 1): Setae of femoral brush, 12���14. Tergal setae: I, 22; II, 24; III-IV, 23; V���VI, 19; VII, 18; VIII, 11. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 12 and anteriorly with 11; III, 19; IV, 31; V, 34; VI, 29; VII, 22; VIII, 11. Dimensions: TW, 0.45; HL, 0.31; PW, 0.30; PSPL, 0.12; MW, 0.43; MSPL, 0.12; AWIV, 0.50; GL, 0.46; GSL, 0.07; TL, 1.38. Material examined. 3 females (one female DNA voucher Mysp.Auoch.5.1.2006.16), ex Automolus ochrolaemus exsertus Bangs, 1901, JMD 867 FMNH # 410611, Panama: Charco Azul, 2 March 2006, K.P. Johnson coll.; 1 male and 1 female, ex A. ochrolaemus exsertus, JMD 874 FMNH # 410616, Panama: Charco Azul, 2 March 2006, K.P. Johnson coll.; 1 male and 2 females, ex A. ochrolaemus, Fisher # 1088, Costa Rica: Puntarenus, Monte Anivo Lodge, 13 Km N. Portero Grande, 16 March 1995, R.C. Dalgleish coll.; 1 male and 2 females, ex. A. ochrolaemus, Peru: ExplorNapa Camp, Rio Nafa, SE Iquitos, 15 June 1989, R.C. Dalgleish coll.; 3 males and 1 female, ex. A. ochrolaemus, Fisher and JS # 3082, Costa Rica: San Jose, Tinamaste, 12 km SW San Isidro de El General, 1 February 2000, R.C. Dalgleish coll.; 4 males and 4 females, ex A. ochrolaemus, Peru: Madre de Dios, Cerro de Pantiacolla, elev. 1030 m, above Palotoa river, 26 August 1985, D.H. Clayton coll., at FMNH; 1 male and 5 nymphs, ex A. ochrolaemus, # 85-128, Peru: Madre de Dios, Hda. Amazonia, near Atalaya Ridge, elev. 550 m, 8 August 1985, D.H. Clayton coll., at FMNH; 8 males and 9 females, ex A. infuscatus, Venezuela: Edo. Bol��var, 60 km E Sta. Elena, January 1987, R.C. Dalgleish coll.; 1 male and 1 female, ex Anabacerthia variegaticeps, JK06- 241, Panama: Fortuna, 25 February 2006, K.P. Johnson coll. Two pairs from A. ochrolaemus (no number, from Iquitos, Peru; and # 3082, from San Jose, Costa Rica) in MZUSP, remaining specimens in INHS. Remarks. This species was recently described (Sychra in Sychra et al. 2007). Although its description is precise enough to recognize the species, the original drawings were published in such small size and low quality that it is difficult to accurately interpret some structures. Therefore, we included new drawings for this species in order to avoid misidentifications resulting from incorrect interpretations of the original illustrations. Furthermore, due to our finding of this louse species on host species other than the type host, we have provided some chaetotaxic and morphometric data separately for specimens from the other hosts., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Sychra, O., Literak, I., Capek, M. & Havlicek, M. (2007) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from Ovenbirds, Leaftossers and Woodcreepers (Passeriformes: Furnariidae: Furnariinae, Sclerurinae, Dendrocolaptinae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species of the genera Rallicola and Myrsidea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 43 (1), 117 - 126."]}

Myrsidea strobilisternata Eichler, 1956 (Figs. 1 ���2, 15, 18) Type host. Lochmias nematura obscurata Cabanis, 1873 ���the Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper (Furnariidae). Female (n = 1). Habitus as in Fig. 1. Hypopharynx reduced, DHS 10, 0.06 long; DHS 11, 0.11 long. Gula with 5 + 6 setae on each side. Metanotum slightly enlarged, posterior margin rounded with 14 setae. Metasternal plate and postspiracular setae not observed. Tergites I���IV enlarged, posterior margin of tergite I damaged, tergite II rounded, III with median convexity, and IV rounded. With conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 17; II, 18; III, 23; IV, 19; V, 17; VI, 14; VII���VIII, 6. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae, posterior margin with 17 and anteriorly with at least 2; III, 27; IV, ~ 24; V, 32; VI, 35; VII, 26; VIII���IX with 10 marginal and 13 anterior setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.45; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28; PSPL, 0.12; MW, 0.48; MSPL, 0.18; AWIV, 0.58; ANW, 0.20; TL, 1.53. Male (n = 2). Habitus as in Fig. 2. DHS 10, 0.05 long; DHS 11, 0.98 long. Gula with 4 (rarely 5 on one side) setae on each side. Metanotum with 8 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 6 setae, as in Fig. 18. Setae of femoral brush, 12���15. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 10. Tergal setae: I, 11���14; II, 14; III, 15���16; IV, 14��� 15; V, 12���14; VI, 10���12; VII, 10���12; VIII, 8���10. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.11���0.12) on III, V and VI, longer (0.18) on I, and extremely long (0.30���0.39) on II, IV, VII and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae, posterior margin with 12���13 and anteriorly with 5���6; III, 18���19; IV, 24; V, 26���27; VI, 26���29; VII, 19���20; VIII, 10. Genital sac sclerite similar to that of M. ochrolaemi (Fig. 12). Dimensions: TW, 0.39���0.40; HL, 0.28; PW, 0.26; PSPL, 0.10���0.12; MW, 0.34���0.35; MSPL, 0.14���0.15; AWIV, 0.43��� 0.44; GL, 0.40���0.41; GSL, 0.07; TL, 1.23���1.24. Material examined. Female holotype (WEC 3910 a), ex Lochmias nematura obscurata, Bolivia: no precise locality, no date, B. Garlepp leg. (O. Sychra pers. comm.) deposited in MNHU. Two males and 1 nymph, ex Lochmias nematura, Peru: Cuzco, 20 km NW Pilcopata, elev. 900 m, 29 November 1985, D.H. Clayton coll., at FMNH. Remarks. This species is unique among Myrsidea from furnariids by having a reduced hypopharynx and only 4 setae in each aster. The most distinctive characters of the male of M. strobilisternata are the shape of the metasternal plate (Fig. 18), the chaetotaxy of the metanotum (with only 8 setae on the posterior margin), and the chaetotaxy of tergites VII���VIII (Fig. 15)., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Eichler, W. (1956) Mallophaga. In: Niethammer, G. (Ed.) Zur Vogelwelt Boliviens (Teil II, Passeres). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 7, 84 - 150."]}

Myrsidea cicchinoi Valim, Price & Johnson n. sp. (Figs. 36 ���37, 42��� 44) Type host. Rhynchocyclus olivaceus (Temminck, 1820) ���the Olivaceous Flatbill (Tyrannidae). Female (n = 4). Habitus as in Fig. 36. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.02 long; DHS 11, 0.08 long. Gula with 4 setae on each side (rarely 3 or 5 on one side). Metanotum with 8���9 setae on posterior margin. Setae of femoral brush, 12���16. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 42. Tergites unmodified, of similar size. With conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 12���15; II, 13���17; III, 16���18; IV, 14���18; V, 16; VI, 12���15; VII, 8���9; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.30���0.37) on I, III, V, and VI, and longer (0.40���0.50) on II, IV, VII and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae (rarely 3 on one side), posterior margin with 15���16 and anteriorly with 9; III, 24���30; IV, 28���32; V, 32���40; VI, 26���35; VII, 10���15; VIII���IX with 10���12 marginal and 9���10 anterior setae. Each pleurite III���VII with about 6���7 short marginal setae. Anus with 36���42 ventral fringe setae, 36���44 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.48���0.49; HL, 0.32���0.34; PW, 0.31���0.32; PSPL, 0.11���0.12; MW, 0.45���0.46; MSPL, 0.15; AWIV, 0.59���0.65; ANW, 0.24���0.25; TL, 1.62���1.68. Male (n = 2). Habitus as in Fig. 37. Gula with 4 setae on each side. Metanotum with 9 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 6 setae. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 43. Setae of femoral brush, 12���14. Tergal setae: I, 11; II, 15; III, 16; IV, 15; V, 11; VI, 13; VII���VIII, 8. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 4 setae, posterior margin with 13 and anteriorly with 9; III, 22; IV���V, 29; VI, 25; VII, 12; VIII, 7. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 44, rounded apically and with thin subapical lateral projections. Dimensions: TW, 0.46; HL, 0.32; PW, 0.32; PSPL, 0.11; MW, 0.39; MSPL, 0.14; AWIV, 0.49; GL, 0.46; GSL, 0.10; TL, 1.35. Type material. Holotype female, ex Rhynchocyclus olivaceus, GMS 1838, Panama: Lago Bayano, 13 February 2006, K.P. Johnson coll. Paratypes: 1 male (DNA voucher Mysp.Rholi.6.6.2007.7), same data as holotype; 2 females (one female DNA voucher Mysp.Rholi.6.6.2007.6), same data as holotype, except GMS 1776, 12 February 2006; 1 male and 1 female (male DNA voucher Mysp.Rholi.4.24.2006.3), same data as holotype, except GMS 1809, 12 February 2006. One pair of paratypes (GMS 1809) at MZUSP. Remarks. This species belongs to the ��� pitangi species group��� (sensu Price et al. 2005), being easily distinguished from others of the group by the presence of an extra spiniform seta on the lateral margin of tergites II���VIII, as well as the lateral seta associated with the post-spiracular seta, sensu Clay (1970) in both sexes (Figs. 42, 43). In females, tergites I���II are practically unmodified, and in males the genital sac sclerite (Fig. 44) is slightly different from that of M. flaviventris Price, Hellenthal & Dalgleish, 2005 (see their fig. 12). Etymology. This species is named after Armando C. Cicchino (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina) in recognition of his many contributions to louse taxonomy, especially taxa from South America., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Clay, T. (1970) The Amblycera (Phthiraptera: Insecta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) - Entomology, 25, 75 - 98.","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2005) The genus Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tyrant-flycatchers (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), with descriptions of 13 new species. Zootaxa, 1048, 1 - 20."]}

Myrsidea waterstoni Valim, Price & Johnson n. sp. (Figs. 13 ���14, 20, 24���25) Type host. Anabacerthia variegaticeps (Sclater, 1857) ���the Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner (Furnariidae). Female (n = 1). Habitus as in Fig. 24. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.07 long; DHS 11, 0.11 long. Gula with 4 setae on each side. Metanotum with 10 setae on posterior margin. Setae of femoral brush, 11���14. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 13. Tergite I enlarged with medioposterior convexity resulting in distortion of tergites II���V. Tergite III with slender posterior detached plate bearing its medial postero-tergal pair of setae, and compressing tergites IV-V medially. Tergites VI���VIII unmodified and of similar size. With conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 14; II, 15; III, 12; IV, 13; V, 14; VI, 11; VII���VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.11���0.21) on III, V and VI, and extremely long (0.34���0.44) on I, II, IV, VII and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 14 and anteriorly with 10; III, 27; IV, 35; V, 28; VI, 24; VII, 16; VIII��� IX with 6 marginal and 6 anterior setae. Each pleurite III���VII with about 5���6 short marginal setae. Anus with 34 ventral fringe setae, 31 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.49; HL, 0.35; PW, 0.29; PSPL, 0.11; MW, 0.46; MSPL, 0.14; AWIV, 0.58; ANW, 0.22; TL, 1.51. Male (n = 1). Habitus as in Fig. 25. Gula with 3 setae on each side. Metanotum with 10 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 5 setae, as in Fig. 5. Setae of femoral brush, 13. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 14. Tergal setae: I, 13; II, 14; III, 16; IV���V, 15; VI, 13; VII���VIII, 8. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, posterior margin with 15 and anteriorly with 10; III, 21; IV���V, 31; VI, 24; VII, 14; VIII, 4. Genital sac sclerite similar to that of M. ochrolaemi, much as in Fig. 12. Dimensions: TW, 0.47; HL, 0.33; PW, 0.31; PSPL, 0.11; MW, 0.41; MSPL, 0.14; AWIV, 0.52; GL, 0.44; GSL, 0.07; TL, 1.41. Type material. Female holotype (DNA voucher Mysp.Anvar.5.1.2006.4), ex Anabacerthia variegaticeps, JMD 780 FMNH # 410612, Panama: Fortuna, 25 February 2006, K.P. Johnson coll. Paratype: 1 male, same data as holotype. Remarks. The female of M. waterstoni n. sp. can be easily distinguished from other species of Myrsidea found on furnariids (e.g. M. strobilisternata, M. calvi Sychra, 2007, and M. ochrolaemi) by the presence of a detached plate on tergite III. In the male, the most distinctive morphological character is the chaetotaxy of tergites VII���VIII (see Figs. 15���17). Etymology. This species is named after James Waterston (1879���1930), in honor of his description of the genus Myrsidea., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Sychra, O., Literak, I., Capek, M. & Havlicek, M. (2007) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from Ovenbirds, Leaftossers and Woodcreepers (Passeriformes: Furnariidae: Furnariinae, Sclerurinae, Dendrocolaptinae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species of the genera Rallicola and Myrsidea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 43 (1), 117 - 126."]}

Myrsidea patersoni Price and Johnson, new species (Figs. 3, 4) Type host. Eucometis penicillata (Spix), the Grey-headed Tanager. Female (6). Gula with 4 setae on each side, sometimes 3 or 5. Metanotum and dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 3. Metanotum not enlarged, posterior margin with 8���10 setae; metasternal plate with 5���6 setae. All tergites of essentially similar length, I with straight margin, II, III, and occasionally IV with very slight medioposterior convexity, remainder with straight margin. Tergal setae: I, 12���15; II, 14���16; III���VI, 15���18; VII, 14���16; VIII, 11���14. Postspiracular setae extremely long on II, IV, VII, and VIII (> 0.40 long), considerably shorter on III, V, and VI (Male (4). Gula with 4, sometimes 3, setae on each side. Metanotal posterior margin with 6���8 setae; metasternal plate with 4���6 setae. Tergal setae: I, 10���12; II, 12���14; III���VI, 13���17; VII, 13���16; VIII, 10���12. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 14���16 marginal between asters, 8���10 anterior; III, 19���24; IV, 26���29; V, 31���33; VI, 27���31; VII, 14���18; VIII, 6���8. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 4, with parallel-sided terminally truncated apical portion. Dimensions: TW, 0.44���0.45; HL, 0.30���0.31; PW, 0.28���0.30; MW, 0.38���0.42; AWIV, 0.50���0.52; GL, 0.47���0.49; TL, 1.29���1.37. Type material. Holotype female, ex E. penicillata, PANAMA: Charco Azul, 2 Mar 2006, JMD 861, K Johnson. Paratypes: 1 female, 2 males, same data as holotype; 3 females, 2 males, same except JMD 859; 1 female, same except JMD 895. Remarks. The female of M. patersoni goes to M. surinami Price and Dalgleish and M. ramphoceli Price and Dalgleish in couplet 21, but does not satisfy either of these species. Both of these two have very long to extremely long postspiracular setae on all tergites and also differ in some dimensions and numbers of setae. The male of M. patersoni keys to M. rufi Price and Dalgleish in couplet 19. The differing genital sac sclerites distinguish these species. The female of M. rufi has a pronounced medioposterior convexity of tergite II, something lacking for M. patersoni. Etymology. This species is named for Adrian Paterson, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand, in recognition of his contributions to the systematics of lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2009, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 2200 on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189595

Myrsidea rozsai Price and Johnson, new species Type host. Euphonia laniirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, the Thick-billed Euphonia. Female (3). Gula with 4 or 5 setae on each side. Metanotum and dorsal abdomen shaped as in Price and Dalgleish (2006: Fig. 10). Metanotum not enlarged, posterior margin with 8���12 setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Abdominal tergite I slightly enlarged with gently curved posterior margin, II���III with small medioposterior convexity. Tergal setae: I, 9���10; II, 23���26; III���IV, 27���32; V���VI, 25���28; VII, 22���24; VIII, 16��� 19. Postspiracular setae extremely long on II, IV, and VIII (> 0.35 long), considerably shorter on I, III, V, and VI (Male (3). Much as in Price and Dalgleish (2006: Fig. 1) except for having more numerous abdominal tergal and sternal setae. Gula with 5, sometimes 4, setae on each side. Metanotal posterior margin with 10���11 setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Tergal setae: I, 18���22; II, 25���28; III���VI, 25���33; VII, 24���30; VIII, 19���21. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 4, less often 3, in each aster, 15���17 marginal between asters, 14���16 anterior; III, 24���28; IV, 25���32; V, 30���35; VI, 27���33; VII, 17���22; VIII, 10. Genital sac sclerite as in Price and Dalgleish (2006: Fig. 7), tapered apically, with median dark line and small subapical process on each side. Dimensions: TW, 0.39; HL, 0.28; PW, 0.27���0.28; MW, 0.35; AWIV, 0.41���0.43; GL, 0.38���0.40; TL, 1.20���1.24. Type material. Holotype female, ex E. laniirostris, PANAMA: Serrania del Maje, 15 Feb 2006, JMD 595, K Johnson. Paratypes: 2 females, 2 males, same data as holotype; 1 male, same except Charco Azul, 2 Mar 2006, JMD 916. Remarks. This species is morphologically very similar to M. violaceae Price and Dalgleish ex Euphonia violacea (Linnaeus), with both the female and male keying to M. violaceae in couplets 10 and 9, respectively. The female of M. rozsai is separated by having fewer setae on tergite I, more setae on tergites II���IV and sternites III���IV, a greater total length, and a tendency for other dimensions to be larger. While there are no clearcut characters separating the males of these two species, that of M. rozsai has a greater total length, other dimensions at the upper limits for M. violaceae, and a tendency for more sternal setae on VII���VIII. Etymology. This species is named for Lajos R��zsa, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, in recognition of his many contributions to louse ecology. The four new species described below belong to the fusca species group as discussed in Price and Dalgleish (2006), with both sexes having a well-defined median gap in the rows of tergal setae. FIGURES 1���6. 1��� 2. Myrsidea cruickshanki. 1. Female metanotum and dorsal abdomen. 2. Male genital sac sclerite. 3���4. M. patersoni. 3. Female metanotum and dorsal abdomen. 4. Male genital sac sclerite. 5���6. M. valimi. 5. Female metanotum and dorsal abdomen. 6. Male genital sac sclerite., Published as part of Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2009, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 2200 on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189595, {"references":["Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2006) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), with descriptions of 18 new species. Zootaxa, 1174, 1 - 25."]}

Myrsidea cruickshanki Price and Johnson, new species (Figs. 1, 2) Type host. Chlorothraupis carmioli (Lawrence), the Carmiol's Tanager. Female (7). Gula usually with 5 setae on each side, sometimes only 4. Metanotum and dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 1. Metanotum not enlarged, posterior margin with 10���12 setae; metasternal plate with 6���7 setae. Tergite I much enlarged, remainder smaller, with II���III curved due to compression by I, and remainder normal. Tergal setae: I, 6; II, 14���16; III���V, 16���19; VI, 14���16; VII, 11���14; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long on II, IV, and VIII (> 0.40 long), considerably shorter on III, V, VI, and VII (Male (4). Gula with 5, sometimes 6, setae on each side. Metanotal posterior margin with 11���12 setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Tergal setae: I, 11���13; II, 18���21; III���V, 17���22; VI, 16���18; VII, 14���15; VIII, 10���12. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 16���19 marginal between asters, 8��� 12 anterior; III, 20���25; IV, 26���29; V, 28���31; VI, 26���31; VII, 19���20; VIII, 11���12. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 2, with elongate slender apical portion. Dimensions: TW, 0.42���0.44; HL & PW, 0.29���0.31; MW, 0.38���0.39; AWIV, 0.48���0.49; GL, 0.41���0.45; TL, 1.32���1.38. Type material. Holotype female, ex C. carmioli, PANAMA: Serrania del Maje, 15 Feb 2006, JMD 581, K Johnson. Paratypes: 2 females, 1 male, same data as holotype; 2 females, 1 male, same except JMD 608; 1 male, same except JMD 610; 2 females, 1 male, same except Palo Seco, 24 Feb 2006, JK06- 244. Remarks. Even though the female of M. cruickshanki keys to M. fusca (Carriker) in couplet 14 and the male cannot be successfully identified through couplets 12 and 13, both are readily distinguished from those of the other members of the fusca species group by having their postspiracular setae on tergite VII as short as those on V and VI and much shorter than the extremely long setae on VIII. Both sexes of M. cruickshanki additionally usually have five gular setae on each side. The female has fewer setae on most abdominal tergites, especially on VIII, and a tendency for larger dimensions, while the male has fewer setae on sternite VII and more setae on sternite VIII. Etymology. This species is named for Robert Cruickshank, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand, in recognition of his contributions to the systematics of lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2009, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 2200 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189595

Genus Myrsidea Waterston Myrsidea Waterston 1915: 12. Type species: Myrsidea victrix Waterston by original designation. A brief characterization of this genus as it pertains to the features shared in common by the Malagasy warbler lice in this study is as follows. Head as in Fig. 1; evenly rounded anteriorly; no lateral notch or slit; inner occipital setae much longer than minute outer setae; no ventral sclerotized processes; gula with heavier longer posterior seta on each side; hypopharyngeal sclerites strongly developed. Thorax (Fig. 1) with pronotum having 6 long posterior setae; no central setae; and 3 short setae at each lateral angle. Mesonotum with 2 minute medioanterior setae adjacent to postnotum and 2 at posterior margin. Metanotum without central setae; with 6 short lateral and anterior setae, and very long (0.25���0.30) posterior corner seta. Prosternal plate well developed, elongate, with 2 short anterior setae; metasternal plate large, diamond shaped, with 4 setae; venter of femur III with setal brush. Abdomen (Figs. 1, 4, 6���7) with undivided tergites; no anterior setae except very small corner seta on each side of tergite I; postspiracular setae extremely long on tergites II, IV, and VIII (tergal setal counts include postspiracular setae and all setae between them); sternite I small, without setae; sternite II enlarged, with aster of heavy setae at each lateroposterior corner. Pleurites without anterior setae. Male subgenital plate of fused sternites VIII���IX; setae given for VIII represent those anteriorly located in region of segment VIII; genitalia of characteristic shape (Fig. 3), with spinous sac having associated sclerites (Figs. 2, 5). Female anus oval, without inner setae; subgenital plate of fused sternites VII���IX, with serrated posterior margin; setae given for VII represent those anteriorly located in region of segment VII and those for VIII���IX are on the remainder of the plate. For brevity, these characters are not repeated in discussing each species., Published as part of Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2006, Four new species of Myrsidea Waterston chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Malagasy warblers (Passeriformes), pp. 47-55 in Zootaxa 1297 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173561, {"references":["Waterston, J. (1915) On two new species of Mallophaga (Menoponidae): Menacanthus balfouri n. sp. and Myrsidea victrix n. sp. from Colombia. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 51, 12 - 16."]}

Myrsidea valimi Price and Johnson, new species (Figs. 5, 6) Type host. Euphonia anneae Cassin, the Tawny-capped Euphonia. Female (3). Gula with 4, sometimes 3, setae on each side. Metanotum and dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 5. Metanotum not enlarged, posterior margin with 9 setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Tergites all of essentially similar size, with II-IV having very slight convexity. Tergal setae: I, 12���13; II, 16; III, 17���18; IV, 15���17; V���VI, 13���16; VII, 12���14; VIII, 9���13. Postspiracular setae extremely long on II, IV, and VIII (> 0.35 long), considerably shorter on I, III, V, and VI (Male (3). Metanotal posterior margin with 8���10 setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Tergal setae: I, 12��� 14; II���VI, 12���18; VII���VIII, 10���13. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 3, less often 4, in each aster, 11���12 marginal between asters, 9���10 anterior; III, 19���20; IV���VI, 21���25; VII, 12���13; VIII, 5���7. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 6, broadly triangular with blunt rounded apical tip. Dimensions: TW, 0.36���0.39; HL & PW, 0.26���0.28; MW, 0.34���0.35; AWIV, 0.39���0.44; GL, 0.38���0.39; TL, 1.13���1.16. Type material. Holotype female, ex E. anneae, PANAMA: Fortuna, 27 Feb 2006, JMD 840, K Johnson. Paratypes: 1 female, 2 males, same data as holotype; 1 female, 1 male, same except Palo Seco, 23 Feb 2006, GMS 2008. Remarks. The female of this species keys close to M. venustae Price and Dalgleish and M. diglossae Price and Dalgleish in couplets 19 and 20, respectively, while the male keys only to the latter species in couplet 16, probably limited to that because the male of M. venustae is still unknown. The female of M. valimi is separated from both of these other species by having fewer tergal and sternal setae than M. diglossae and more in those positions than M. venustae. The male of M. valimi also has fewer tergal and sternal setae on most segments than does M. diglossae. Etymology. This species is named for Michel P. Valim, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in recognition of his deep interest in the taxonomy of the chewing lice and his past and anticipated future contributions to the subject., Published as part of Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2009, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 2200 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189595

Forficuloecus forficula (Piaget) (Fig. 14) Docophorus forficula Piaget, 1871: 117. Type host: Platycercus eximius (Shaw, 1792), the Eastern Rosella. Male. Tergal setae: II���III, 9���11; IV, 10���11; V���VII, 7���10; VIII, 8. Tergite IX with well developed lateral plates, distinct median gap between them. Sternal setae: II, 2; III���VI, 5���8; VII, 3���4. Genitalia (Fig. 14) with broad inwardly projecting parameres and penis "U"-shaped. Female. Tergal setae: II���VI, 11���14; VII, 10���12; VIII, 6���9. Sternal setae: II, 2; III���V, 7���9; VI, 6���7; VII, 4��� 5. Material. Ex P. caledonicus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788), AUSTRALIA: 2 males, 2 females (MONZ), N. Tasmania, Oct.-Nov. 1986, N. Rice & R.H. Green. Ex P. adscitus (Latham, 1790), AUSTRALIA: 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), Victoria, 561 / 81. Ex P. elegans (J.F. Gmelin, 1788), AUSTRALIA: 1 male (INHS), N.S.W., Navra region, ANWC 29246, 19 Jul. 2002, R. Palmer. Ex Lathamus discolor (Shaw, 1790), AUSTRALIA: 1 female (MONZ), Tasmania, Glengarry, 18 Nov. 1984, S. Holland. Remarks. This species is similar to F. banksi, but is separable by features discussed under the latter species., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637, {"references":["Piaget, E. (1871) Description de quelques parasites du genre Docophorus. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 14, 113 - 137, 2 pl."]}

Myrsidea johnklickai Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 5���7) Type host. Cyanocompsa cyanoides (Lafresnaye, 1847), the Blue-black Grosbeak. Female. Head with strongly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites; gula usually with 4 setae on each side, less often only 3. Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 5. Metanotal posterior margin with 9���10 setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Tergite I of normal size, tergite II much enlarged with pronounced tapered medioposterior convexity, resulting in compression of tergites III���VI. Each tergal setal row with distinct median gap. Tergal setae: I, 11���15; II, 14���16; III, 12���18; IV, 13���16; V, 12���15; VI, 13���15; VII, 12���16; VIII, 10���14. Postspiracular setae on III and V���VI Male. Head, thorax, median gap in abdominal tergal setal rows, lengths of postspiracular setae, and chaetotaxy of abdominal pleurites as for female (Fig. 7), except for only 8���9 marginal metanotal setae and rarely 5 setae on metasternal plate. Tergal setae: I, 10���12; II, 13���14; III, 12���15; IV, 13���14; V, 11���14; VI, 11���14; VII, 11���15; VIII, 8���10. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, rarely 3, 11��� 15 marginal between asters, 9���14 anterior; III, 16���21; IV, 22���28; V, 25���31; VI, 22���26; VII, 10���15; VIII, 5���6. Genitalia as in Fig. 2; genital sac sclerite (Fig. 6) posteriorly tapered, with median dark line but lacking small slender subapical processes. Dimensions: TW, 0.42���0.43; HL, 0.29���0.31; PW, 0.26���0.29; MW, 0.35���0.40; AWIV, 0.46���0.48; GL, 0.40���0.45; TL, 1.24���1.33. Type material. Holotype female (to INHS), ex C. cyanoides, PANAMA: Serriana del Maje, 15 Feb. 2006, JMD 591, K.P. Johnson. Paratypes, all from type host: 2 males, same data as holotype; 1 female, 2 males, same except JKO 6 -024; paratypes (to USNM) COSTA RICA: 5 females, 2 males, Las Cruces Biological Station, Cota Brus, 27 June 1993, R.L. Fisher 675, R.C. Dalgleish; 3 females, 1 male, La Selva Biological Station, 11���14 June 1992, R.L. Fisher 376, R.C. Dalgleish; VENEZUELA: 2 females, 3 males, 60 km E. Sta. Elena, Edo. Bolivar, June 1987, R.C. Dalgleish. Remarks. This is the second of three species for which both sexes have a distinct median gap in the abdominal tergal setal rows. It is easily separated from M. lightae by the female having a normal abdominal tergite I and an enlarged tergite II (Fig. 5 vs. Fig. 1). Further differences involve both sexes being consistently smaller than the other two, having typically only three or four setae in each sternite II aster instead of usually five for the other species, and having fewer setae on the abdominal sternites. Etymology. This species is named in honor of John Klicka, Marjorie Barrick Museum, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, in recognition of his assistance in collecting the lice in this study and for his contributions to the systematics of the Cardinalidae., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), pp. 1-10 in Zootaxa 1873 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184026

Forficuloecus banksi Price, Johnson, and Palma, new species (Figs. 9���13) Type host. Psephotus varius Clark, 1910, the Mulga Parrot. Male. Dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 13. Tergal setae: II���VII, 5���8; VIII, 3���6. Tergite IX with well developed lateral plates, distinct median gap between them (Fig. 13). Sternal setae: II, 2; III, 3���6; IV���V, 4���8; VI, 6; VII, 4. Genitalia (Fig. 12) with long slender curved parameres and elongate "V"-shaped penis. Female. Head as in Fig. 11, dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 9. Tergal setae: II, 7���8; III, 5���8; IV, 8���9; V���VII, 6��� 8; VIII, 4���6. Sternal setae: II, 2���4; III, 4���7; IV���V, 5���8; VI, 5���6; VII, 4. Ventral terminalia as in Fig. 10. Type material. Holotype male (ANIC), ex P. v a r i u s, AUSTRALIA: Northwest Territory, 2 May 2002, T. Chesser, ANWC 32856. Paratypes (INHS, UU): 4 males, 5 females, same data as holotype; 2 males, 1 female, same except ANWC 32871; 1 female, same except with only ANWC 32737. Remarks. The dimensions of the male of F. banksi place it closest to that of F. f o r f i c u l a (Piaget). However, the shape of the genitalic parameres and penis along with the smaller number of abdominal tergal setae afford separation. The female of F. banksi also appears similar to F. forficula, but the differences in dimensions and the number of tergal setae support separation. Etymology. This species is named for Jonathan Banks, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, in recognition of his work on louse systematics., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637

Myrsidea whitemani Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 1���4) Type host. Campylorhynchus rufinucha (Lesson, 1838), the Rufous-naped Wren. Female. Head with weakly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites (Fig. 2). Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 1. Metanotal posterior margin with 10 setae; metasternal plate with 6���8 setae. Without any obviously enlarged tergites, but with slight medioposterior convexity on III and IV. Tergal setae: I, 17���18; II, 18���21; III, 21���23; IV, 22���26; V, 21���25; VI, 22���24; VII, 17���18; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae on III and V���VII all at least 0.35 long. Pleurites: I���II with relatively uniform short setae; III-VII with fine longer setae toward midline; VIII with unusually long seta flanked on each side by much shorter seta. Sternal setae: II, each aster with 5���6 including quite long inners, 16���20 marginal between asters, 10���15 anterior; III, 33���38; IV, 50���54; V, 49���57; VI, 36���40; VII, 18���20; VIII���IX, 25���31. Anus with 34���36 ventral, 30���38 dorsal fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.51���0.53; HL, 0.29���0.33; PW, 0.33���0.35; MW, 0.51���0.52; AWIV, 0.78���0.86; ANW, 0.27���0.29; TL, 1.68���1.81. Male. Metathorax and abdominal pleurites (Fig. 3) as for female. Tergal setae: I, 12���13; II, 19���21; III���VI, 20���22; VII, 16���17; VIII, 8. Sternal setae: II, 5 in each aster, 15���16 marginal between asters, 12 anterior; III, 27���31; IV, 40���42; V, 36���44; VI, 35���36; VII, 21���22; VIII, 9. Genital sac sclerite slender throughout length (Fig. 4). Dimensions: TW, 0.46���0.47; HL, 0.28���0.29; PW, 0.31���0.32; MW, 0.40���0.41; AWIV, 0.58���0.60; GL, 0.44���0.46; TL, 1.46���1.49. Type material. Holotype female (to USNM), ex C. rufinucha, COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Santa Maria, Hacienda Solimar, 5 May 1995, Fisher & JS # 2178. Paratypes: 4 females, 1 male (to USNM), 1 female, 1 male (to INHS), same data as holotype. Remarks. Both sexes of this species may readily be recognized by a combination of their large dimensions, their large number of abdominal tergal and sternal setae, their longer and more numerous aster setae on sternite II, and the hypopharynx with weakly developed sclerites. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Noah Whiteman, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in recognition of his contributions to understanding the ecology and population genetics of bird lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 59-65 in Zootaxa 1740 on pages 60-61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181499

Myrsidea sychrai Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 10���11) Type host. Cyanocompsa cyanoides (Lafresnaye, 1847), the Blue-black Grosbeak. Female. Head with strongly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites; gula with 5 setae on each side. Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 11. Metanotal posterior margin with 16���17 setae; metasternal plate with 8���9 setae. Tergite I much enlarged with pronounced tapered medioposterior convexity, this resulting in distortion of tergites II���V. Tergal setae, except on I, with continuous row across segment. Tergal setae: I, 12���15; II, 18���21; III, 24���26; IV, 25���32; V, 25���32; VI, 26���30; VII, 20���26; VIII, 14���16. Postspiracular setae on III, V, and VI not> 0.20 long, and VII extremely long (> 0.35). Pleurites: I���II with relatively uniform short setae; III-VII with fine longer setae toward midline; VIII with long seta flanked on each side by much shorter seta. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, less often 5, 18��� 22 marginal between asters, 15���22 anterior; III, 26���33; IV, 39���42; V, 42���47; VI, 34���37; VII, 15���19; VIII���IX, 26���30. Anus with 34���44 ventral, 36���38 dorsal fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.55���0.56; HL, 0.31���0.35; PW, 0.33���0.34; MW, 0.51���0.55; AWIV, 0.65���0.71; ANW, 0.26���0.27; TL, 1.54���1.63. Male. Head, thorax, absence of median gap in abdominal tergal setal rows, lengths of postspiracular setae, and chaetotaxy of abdominal pleurites as for female (Fig. 10), except for 13 marginal metanotal setae, 8 metasternal plate setae, and continuous tergal setal row on I. Tergal setae: I, 17; II, 23; III���IV, 25; V, 28; VI, 24; VII, 21; VIII, 14. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 16 marginal between asters, 15 anterior; III, 27; IV, 37; V, 39; VI, 35; VII, 21; VIII, 12. Genital sac sclerite distorted but perhaps close to M. johnklickai (Fig. 6). Dimensions: TW, 0.48; HL, 0.31; PW, 0.31; MW, 0.41; AWIV, 0.53; GL, 0.42; TL, 1.36. Type material. Holotype female (to USNM), ex C. cyanoides, COSTA RICA: Wilson Botanical Garden, Las Cruces, Cota Brus, Puntarenus, 11 June 1992, Fisher. Paratypes: (to INHS) 1 female, (to USNM) 2 females, 1 male, same data as holotype. Remarks. This is the first of two species that differ from the previous three by having the majority to all of the abdominal tergal setae in a complete row across the segment, without a median gap. Both sexes of M. sychrai differ from the following species by being larger in all dimensions, by having more metasternal setae and more setae on tergites III���VI, and by having longer postspiracular setae on VII. The female is conspicuously different by having a much enlarged tergite I and different sizes of tergites II-V (Fig. 11 vs Fig. 12). The male has more anterior setae on sternite II and more total setae on sternites III���VI. This is the second new species of Myrsidea to be described from C. cyanoides in this paper. The type series was collected only in Costa Rica at a site similar to that where a series of M. johnklickai was collected. However, the hosts for these two new species had only a single species on each and we have confidence in the uniqueness of these species. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Oldrich Sychra, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brno, Czech Republic, in recognition of his work on the taxonomy of Neotropical lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), pp. 1-10 in Zootaxa 1873 on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184026

Forficuloecus greeni Guimar��es Forficuloecus greeni Guimar��es, 1985: 44. Type host: Neophema chrysostoma (Kuhl, 1820), the Blue-winged Parrot. Male. Whole illustration as in Guimar��es (1985: Fig. 18). Tergal setae: II, 6���7; III, 5; IV���VII, 6���7; VIII, 4���6. Sternal setae: II, 2; III, 4; IV, 4���6; V, 5���6; VI���VII, 0���2. Genitalia as in Guimar��es (1985: Fig. 8). Female. Whole illustration as in Guimar��es (1985: Fig. 19). Tergal setae: II, 4���7; III, 5���6; IV, 5���9; V, 5��� 8; VI���VII, 7���10; VIII, 4���6. Sternal setae: II, 2; III, 4���6; IV, 5���6; V���VI, 6; VII, 4. Ventral terminalia as in Guimar��es (1985: Fig. 16). Material. Ex N. chrysostoma, AUSTRALIA: Holotype male, allotype female (NMH) of F. greeni, Tasmania, Exeter, 11 Aug. 1968, R.H. Green (QVTA. Reg. No. 437); 1 male, 1 female [paratypes of F. greeni], same data as holotype. Guimar��es (1985: 45) wrote that these paratypes were "to be deposited in the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania;". However, as they were not sent to Tasmania, it has been agreed by officers from both institutions that they will be permanently kept in NHM. Remarks. As discussed earlier under F. josephi, these species are quite similar morphologically. Both are small and have a reduced abdominal tergal chaetotaxy. However, F. josephi consistently has only a total of four setae (rarely two) on each male abdominal tergite and the female has only a total of four on the majority of its tergites. With minor differences in dimensions and in details of the male genitalia and female ventral terminalia, it is clear that these series represent two distinct species., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637, {"references":["Guimaraes, L. R. (1985) Ischnocera (Mallophaga) infesting parrots (Psittaciformes). V. Four new species of Forficuloecus Conci, 1941 (Philopteridae) from the South Pacific. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 36, 41 - 49."]}

klickai species group Both sexes of the three species of this group with only 3���4 setae in each aster on sternite II. The male genital sac sclerite (Fig. 3) elongate and slender, 0.075���0.085 long, apically bifurcate, with median dark line and usually with a small process on each side. The female subgenital plate has its posterior margin only lightly spiculate, and the inner terminal setae on tergite IX 0.050 ���0.100 (mean = 0.075; n = 15) long, inserted 0.020���0.060 (mean = 0.033; n = 20) from base of each very long seta (Fig. 2)., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from antshrikes and antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 1819 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182969

Forficuloecus pilgrimi Guimar��es (Figs. 7���8) Forficuloecus pilgrimi Guimar��es, 1985: 43. Type host: Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis Oliver, 1930, the Chatham Island Red-fronted Parakeet. Male. Tergal setae: II���III, 8���9; IV���VII, 8���11; VIII, 6���9. Tergite IX with well developed lateral plates and narrow median bridge connecting them (Fig. 7). Sternal setae: II, 3���5; III, 4���6; IV���VI, 5���8; VII, 4���6. Genitalia (Fig. 8) with parameres and penis shaped as shown. Female. Tergal setae: II, 7���9; III, 8���10; IV���VII, 9���11; VIII, 7���10. Sternal setae: II, 2���6; III, 4���7; IV, 6���8; V���VI, 6���7; VII, 4���5. Material. Ex C. n. novaezelandiae (Sparrman, 1787), NEW ZEALAND: 1 male, 1 female [paratypes of F. pilgrimi] (MONZ), Whitianga, 10 Jan. 1974, J. Smuts-Kennedy. Ex C. n. chathamensis, NEW ZEALAND: 4 males, 4 females [paratypes of F. p i l g r i m i] (MONZ), Chatham Islands, Little Mangere Island, Oct. 1976, N.Z. Wildlife Service; 2 males, 2 females (MONZ), Chatham Islands, South East Island, 10 Feb. 1980, A. Nixon. Ex C. n. hochstetteri (Reischek, 1889), NEW ZEALAND: 1 male [paratype of F. p i l g r i m i] (MONZ), Antipodes Islands, 31 Oct. 1970, N.Z. Wildlife Service; 2 males, 2 females [paratypes of F. p i l - grimi] (MONZ), Antipodes Islands, 4 Dec. 1978, D.S. Horning. Ex C. auriceps (Kuhl, 1820), NEW ZEALAND: 2 males, 3 females (MONZ), Fiordland, Eglinton Valley, 10 Mar. 1980, B. Harcourt. Ex C. forbesi Rothschild, 1893, NEW ZEALAND: 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), Chatham Islands, D. Merton; 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), Chatham Islands, Mangere Island, 6 Dec. 2001, Dept. of Conservation. Ex C. unicolor (Lear, 1831), NEW ZEALAND: 1 male, 1 female [paratypes of F. p i l g r i m i] (MONZ), Antipodes Islands, 28 Feb. 1969, R.T. & B.D. Bell; 2 males, 2 females [paratypes of F. p i l g r i m i] (MONZ), Antipodes Islands, Hut Cove, 27 Nov. 1978, D.S. Horning; 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), Antipodes Islands, 8 Mar. 1985, B.D. Bell. Ex C. malherbi Souanc��, 1857, NEW ZEALAND: 2 males, 2 females (MONZ), Lake Sumner Forest Park, Mar. 1981, N.Z. Wildlife Service. Remarks. The males and females of F. p i l g r i m i are similar to those of F. meinertzhageni, but are separable by features discussed under the latter species., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637, {"references":["Guimaraes, L. R. (1985) Ischnocera (Mallophaga) infesting parrots (Psittaciformes). V. Four new species of Forficuloecus Conci, 1941 (Philopteridae) from the South Pacific. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 36, 41 - 49."]}

Myrsidea vincesmithi Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species Type host. Thryothorus rutilus Vieillot, 1819, the Rufous-breasted Wren. Female. Unknown. Male. As for M. bessae, except as follows. Metanotum with 11 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Tergal setae: I, 13; II, 16; III���IV, 18; V, 16; VI, 15; VII, 14; VIII, 12. Postspiracular setae shortest on III and V���VI (not> 0.21 long), extremely long on VII, as long as on VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 3 or 4 setae, 17 marginal between asters, 10 anterior; III, 20; IV, 26; V, 31; VI, 27; VII, 19; VIII, 8. Dimensions: TW, 0.43; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.39; AWIV, 0.47; GL, 0.40; TL, 1.22. Type material. Holotype male (to TNHM), ex T. rutilus, TRINIDAD: Cumuto, 17 May 1960, TRVL 4398, Brit. Mus. 1974 - 636. Remarks. While we generally are reluctant to describe a new species from only a single specimen, the differences are so marked in this case that we feel justified in doing so. This species is closest to M. bessae, but is separable by having more setae on all abdominal tergites and sternites as well as on the metanotal margin, and by having an extremely long postspiracular seta on tergite VII. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Vincent Smith, The Natural History Museum, London, in recognition of his contributions to taxonomic databases for lice and work on louse systematics., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 59-65 in Zootaxa 1740 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181499

Picicola donwebbi Meyer, Price, and Johnson, new species (Figs. 1���3) Type host. Smithornis rufolateralis Gray, 1864, Rufous-sided Broadbill. Description. Both sexes similar except for terminalia and dimensions. General aspects of body and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 1 for male and Fig. 3 for female. Head with marginal carina well developed, with outer edge and inner border medially pointed; lateral notch present and interrupting, but not breaking, marginal carina at point of curvature around frons. Preantennal suture distinct. Frontal plate located anterior to preantennal suture, distinct and sculptured, but without thickened posterior edge. Tip of conus usually not reaching distal end of first antennal segment (scape). Abdominal tergites II���VII divided with 2 central setae, tergite VIII entire and with 4 central setae. Abdominal segments with prominent pleural thickening and reentrant heads. Margin of male tergite IX with long seta posteriolateral to shorter one on either side. Female subgenital plate vulval margin with 16 short setae and row of 6 very short setae lateromedial to this marginal row, with 4 additional short setae displaced latero-anteriorly. Male genitalia (Fig. 2) with one sensillum on each endomeral arm. Dimensions (in millimeters): Male (n= 5): TW, 0.32���0.33 (0.33); HL, 0.43���0.48 (0.45); CI, 1.33���1.49 (1.38); PW, 0.21���0.22 (0.21); MW, 0.27���0.28 (0.27); AWV, 0.38���0.46 (0.40); GL, 0.24���0.28 (0.27); PL, 0.03���0.04 (0.04); TL, 1.43���1.55 (1.48). Female (n= 5): TW, 0.34���0.37 (0.35); HL, 0.45���0.48 (0.47); CI, 1.31��� 1.33 (1.32); PW, 0.22���0.25 (0.23); MW, 0.29���0.30 (0.30); AWV, 0.40���0.44 (0.42); TL, 1.61���1.78 (1.72). Type material. Holotype male is labeled ���ex Smithornis rufolateralis, GHANA: Goaso, K. P. Johnson, 28 Mar 2003, BDM 851 ��� and is deposited in INHS. Paratypes: 4 males, 5 females with same data as holotype and deposited as follows: 1 male, 1 female (BMNH); 1 male, 1 female (FMNH); 1 male, 2 females and a female DNA voucher specimen (INHS); 1 male, 1 female (OSEC). Diagnosis. Picicola donwebbi differs from Picicola collected from the Picidae by the anterior shape of the head being medially pointed rather than smoothly rounded (as in P. candidus and P. snodgrassi species groups), or with an apical depression or truncate (as in P. thripias species group); by the marginal carina being well developed and complete rather than well developed but thinner where it curves around the frons; and by the lateral notch being present rather than absent. It differs from the Picicola found on the passeriform families Tyrannidae, Furnariidae, Mimidae, Parulidae, Cracticidae, Dicruridae, and Ptilonorhynchidae by having the preantennal suture distinct rather than indistinct; by the frontal plate lacking a thickened posterior edge; and by the marginal carina thin but not interrupted where it curves around the frons rather than nearly broken where it curves around the frons. Picicola donwebbi is morphologically most similar to the Picicola found on the Pittidae as defined by Somadder and Tandan (1977) and is, therefore, placed in their P. quadripustulosus species group. In this species group, it is most closely allied with P. angolensis Somadder and Tandan, 1977, by the males having only two sensilla associated with the endomeral arms; by the number of setae on abdominal tergites III���VI equaling 2 central (P. donwebbi is slightly smaller than P. angolensis in TW, HL, PW, MW, AWV, and TL, but has a significantly higher CI in both sexes. Further differences include the posterior margin of segment IX���XI not being emarginate in females of P. donwebbi and the number of preantennal setae (7 vs. 6). In ���Degeerielline Ischnocera (Insecta: Phthiraptera) of the Pittidae (Aves)��� (Somadder & Tandan 1977), P. donwebbi keys out to couplet 6. The following is a modification of that couplet: 6. Ocular seta and marginal temporal seta 2 very long; pigmentation pattern of abdominal dorsum characteristic (Figs. 4, 15): - with posterior margin of segment IX���XI in female emarginate; male and female with CI .................................................................................................................. angolensis Somadder and Tandan - with posterior margin of segment IX���XI in female not emarginate; male and female with CI> 1.0........... .......................................................................................................................................... donwebbi, sp. nov. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Donald Webb on occasion of his retirement after 40 years of service to the Illinois Natural History Survey and generations of entomology graduate students at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana., Published as part of Meyer, Mathys J., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2008, A new species of Picicola Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on the Rufous-sided Broadbill (Passeriformes: Eurylaimidae) in Ghana, pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 1762 on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181951, {"references":["Somadder, K. & Tandan B. K. (1977) Degeerielline Ischnocera (Insecta: Phthiraptera) of the Pittidae (Aves). Oriental Insects, 11 (1), 113 - 138."]}

Forficuloecus meinertzhageni Guimar��es (Fig. 6) Forficuloecus meinertzhageni Guimar��es, 1974: 177. Type host: Nestor meridionalis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788), the Kaka. Male. Tergal setae: II���III, 7���8; IV���VII, 9���11; VIII, 8���10. Tergite IX with median bridge connecting lateral portions of tergite IX, as in Fig. 7. Sternal setae: II, 3���4; III���VI, 5���8; VII, 3���6. Genitalia (Fig. 6) with parameres and penis shaped as shown. Female. Tergal setae: II, 7���8; III, 8���11; IV���VII, 9���12; VIII, 8���11. Sternal setae: II, 5���6; III���VI, 6���8; VII, 4���6. Material. Ex N. meridionalis, NEW ZEALAND: 1 male, 1 female [paratypes of F. meinertzhageni] (MONZ), JG. 150. Ex N. m. meridionalis, NEW ZEALAND: 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), E.F. Stead; 2 males, 2 females (MONZ), Canterbury, Patersons Creek, 23 Oct. 1974, D.S. Horning. Ex N. m. septentrionalis Lorenz, 1896, NEW ZEALAND: 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), North Island, Dannevirke, 27 June 1976, E. Brown; 1 male (MONZ), Kapiti Island, 25 Aug. 1981, P. McKenzie; 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), Kapiti Island, P. Dan i el. E x N. notabilis Gould, 1856, NEW ZEALAND: 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), South Island, 5 Sept. 1965; 2 females (MONZ), Kokatahi, Oct. 1973, C. Howatt; 4 males, 3 females (MONZ), South Island, near Discovery Stream, Hawdon Hut, 2 Sept. 1978, J.R. Jackson. Remarks. The combination of the small dimensions of both sexes and the male tergite IX with a median connecting bridge ally F. meinertzhageni with F. p i l g r i m i Guimar��es and distinguish it from the other two species. Males of F. meinertzhageni are separated from those of F. pilgrimi by their longer and wider male genitalia (Fig. 6 vs Fig. 8). Females of F. meinertzhageni are tenuously separable by their greater total length., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637, {"references":["Guimaraes, L. R. (1974) Ischnocera (Mallophaga) infesting parrots (Psittaciformes). II. Genera Psittoecus Conci, 1942, and Forficuloecus Conci, 1941. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 28, 163 - 180."]}

Forficuloecus cameroni Price, Johnson, and Palma, new species (Figs. 1���4) Type host. Aprosmictus erythropterus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788), the Red-winged Parrot. Male. As in Fig. 1. Tergal setae: II���III, usually 8���9, less often 10; IV���VII, 10���11, less often 12; VIII, 6���8. Tergite IX with well developed lateral plates, distinct median gap between them. Sternal setae: II, 4���8; III���VI, 8���13; VII, 5���8. Genitalia with parameres and penis shaped as shown (Fig. 2). Female. Head as in Fig. 3, shaped as for male; metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 4. Tergal setae: II���III, 8���11; IV���VII, 9���11; VIII, 7���8. Sternal setae: II, 5���8; III, 9���12; IV���VI, 10���14; VII, 6���7. Type material. Holotype male (ANIC), ex A. erythropterus, AUSTRALIA: 45 km E Darwin, 22 Oct. 2002, D.H. Clayton, ANWC 50026. Paratypes all ex A. erythropterus (UMSP, UU, FMNH, ANIC): 1 male, same data as holotype except ANWC 50044; 1 female same except Queensland, Weipa, 25 Oct. 2001, T. Chesser, ANWC 29802. SE NEW GUINEA: 2 males, 3 females, Papua, Weam, 1 June 1964, H. Clissold, BBM-NG 50872; 3 males, 4 females, same except 29 May 1964, BBM-NG 50765; 2 females, same except 9 June 1964, BBM-NG 50817. Remarks. This new species is recognized by the combination of the large dimensions of both sexes, the male with tergites on IX having a distinct median gap between them and with a unique shape of the genitalic parameres and penis, and the female with more numerous setae on sterna II���VII. While in a number of features it is close to F. emersoni Guimar��es, the differences of the male in the structure of tergite IX (Fig. 1 vs Fig. 7) and the shape of the parameres and penis (Fig. 2 vs Fig. 5) afford good separation. The female is tenuously recognized from F. emersoni by having a total of 35���37 setae on sterna IV���VI. Etymology. This species is named for Stephen Cameron, Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia, in recognition of his work on the systematics and genomics of lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637

Myrsidea markhafneri Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 8���9) Type host. Saltator grossus (Linnaeus, 1766), the Slate-colored Grosbeak. Female. Head with strongly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites; gula usually with 5 setae on each side, less often 6. Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 9. Metanotal posterior margin with 11���13 setae; metasternal plate with 6���7 setae. Tergite I of normal size, tergite II moderately enlarged with pronounced rounded medioposterior convexity, resulting in slight compression of tergites III���IV. Each tergal setal row with distinct median gap. Tergal setae: I, 15���17; II, 10���12; III, 13���14; IV, 15���16; V, 17���19; VI, 17���20; VII, 18���19; VIII, 9���12. Postspiracular setae on V���VI about 0.20 long, III 0.30 long, and VII extremely long (0.40). Pleurites: I���IV with relatively uniform short setae; V-VII with fine longer setae toward midline; VIII with long seta flanked on each side by much shorter seta. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 17���19 marginal between asters, 7���9 anterior; III, 28���29; IV, 55���61; V, 59���66; VI, 50���61; VII, 19; VIII���IX, 21���24. Anus with 36 ventral, 37���42 dorsal fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.51���0.54; HL, 0.33���0.34; PW, 0.32���0.34; MW, 0.50���0.54; AWIV, 0.65���0.73; ANW, 0.23���0.26; TL, 1.63���1.68. Male. Head, thorax, median gap in abdominal tergal setal rows, lengths of postspiracular setae, and chaetotaxy of abdominal pleurites as for female (Fig. 8), except for 10���13 marginal metanotal setae, 6 metasternal plate setae, and no median gap in tergal setal row on I. Tergal setae: I, 16���19; II, 12���15; III, 13���15; IV, 15���17; V, 16���20; VI, 16���20; VII, 16���18; VIII, 9���12. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, less often 3, 15��� 17 marginal between asters, 6���11 anterior; III, 23���27; IV, 41���52; V, 50���55; VI, 44���50; VII, 20���23; VIII, 5���6. Genitalia and genital sac sclerite as for M. lightae (Figs. 2, 3). Dimensions: TW, 0.46���0.48; HL, 0.31���0.33; PW, 0.29��� 0.31; MW, 0.39���0.42; AWIV, 0.51���0.55; GL, 0.42���0.47; TL, 1.38���1.42. Type material. Holotype female (to USNM)), ex S. grossus, PERU (Northeast): Explor Napa Camp, Rio Napa, SE Iquitos, 14 June 1989, RCD et al. Paratypes: (to INHS) 1 female, 1 male, (to USNM) 1 female, 4 males, same data as holotype. Remarks. This is the third and final species treated in this paper for which both sexes have the abdominal tergal setal rows with a pronounced median gap. The female of M. markhafneri is recognizable from the others by having tergite I relatively unmodified and a more modest development of tergite II (Fig. 9 vs. Figs. 1, 5). The consistently larger dimensions and very large number of abdominal sternal setae will further separate both sexes of this species from those of M. johnklickai. The large dimensions and certain other features more resemble M. lightae, but both sexes of M. markhafneri have only four, less often three, setae in each sternite II aster, have fewer setae on the metanotal margin and each of tergites II-IV, and more setae on sternites V and VI. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mark Hafner, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in recognition of his work on louse systematics and coevolution., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), pp. 1-10 in Zootaxa 1873 on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184026

mcleannani species group Both sexes of the three species of this group with 5���6 setae in each aster on sternite II. The male genital sac sclerite (Fig. 5) broader and shorter than for the klickai group, 0.050���0.060 long, without a median dark line, and each apical side with a pronounced outwardly curved process. The female has the posterior margin of its subgenital plate strongly spiculate and shorter inner terminal setae on tergite IX inserted more toward the midline, 0.030���0.070 (mean = 0.042; n = 25) long, inserted 0.055���0.095 (mean = 0.069; n = 27) from base of each very long seta (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from antshrikes and antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 1819 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182969

Myrsidea klickai Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 1���4) Type host. Thamnophilus punctatus (Shaw, 1809), the Northern Slaty Antshrike. Female (5). Metanotum and dorsoventral abdomen as in Fig. 2. Metanotal posterior margin with 6 setae; metasternal plate with 6, much less often 7, setae. Tergal setae: I, 14���16; II, 15���16; III, 15���17; IV, 14���18; V, 16���19; VI, 16���18; VII, 14���17; VIII, 9���10. Sternal setae: II, 12���17 marginal between asters, 7���8 anterior; III, 18���21; IV, 27���34; V, 29���33; VI, 27���31; VII, 9���12; VIII���IX, 16���19. Anus with 38���42 ventral, 39���46 dorsal fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.46���0.49; HL, 0.32���0.34; PW, 0.30���0.32; MW, 0.43���0.45; AWIV, 0.60���0.63; ANW, 0.23���0.25; TL, 1.50���1.57. Male (3). As in Fig. 1. Metanotum and metasternal plate as for female. Tergal setae: I, 7���8; II, 10���12; III��� IV, 11���12; V���VI, 12���14; VII, 11���12; VIII, 8. Sternal setae: II, only 3 in each aster, 11���14 marginal between asters, 5���9 anterior; III, 14���18; IV, 23���26; V, 23���27; VI, 22���25; VII, 10���12; VIII, 6���10. Dimensions: TW, 0.43���0.45; HL, 0.31���0.32; PW, 0.28���0.30; MW, 0.38; AWIV, 0.47���0.49; GL, 0.40���0.41; TL, 1.23���1.32. Type material. Holotype male (INHS), ex T. punctatus, PANAMA: Serriana del Maje, 16 Feb. 2006, JMD 649, K. Johnson. Paratypes: (INHS) 1 female, same data as holotype; 2 females, 1 male, PANAMA: Lago Bayano, 12 Feb. 2006, GMS 1768, K. Johnson; 1 female, same except GMS 1770; (USNM) 1 female, 1 male, PANAMA: Lago Bayano, 12 Feb. 2006, GMS 1768. Remarks. This species is separated from the following two species of the group by the combination of dimensions and number of metanotal marginal setae of both sexes, length of male genitalia, and number of setae on male abdominal tergites and dorsal anal fringe of the female. Etymology. This species is named for John Klicka, Marjorie Barrick Museum, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in recognition of his assistance in collecting the lice used in this study and for his work on avian systematics., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from antshrikes and antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 1819 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182969

Myrsidea pittendrighi Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 12���13) Type host. Saltator striatipectus Lafresnaye, 1847, the Streaked Saltator. Female. Head with strongly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites; gula with 5, less often 4, setae on each side. Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 12. Metanotal posterior margin with 11���12 setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae. Tergites I-III only slightly enlarged with II-IV having very small medioposterior convexity. Tergal setae, except on I, with continuous row across segment. Tergal setae: I, 8; II, 18���23; III, 26���31; IV, 31���33; V, 30; VI, 26���27; VII, 25���26; VIII, 17���19. Postspiracular setae on I, III, V, and VI not> 0.20 long, and on VII 0.25 long, much shorter than extremely long setae on VIII. Pleurites: I with relatively uniform short setae; II-VII with fine longer setae toward midline; VIII with long seta flanked on each side by much shorter seta. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 15���16 marginal between asters, 14���15 anterior; III, 23���26; IV, 32���33; V, 34���35; VI, 27���29; VII, 17; VIII���IX, 19. Anus with 30���34 ventral, 31���34 dorsal fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.43���0.45; HL, 0.30���0.31; PW, 0.29; MW, 0.43; AWIV, 0.53���0.56; ANW, 0.20���0.21; TL, 1.46���1.48. Male. Head, thorax, absence of median gap in abdominal tergal setal rows, lengths of postspiracular setae, and chaetotaxy of abdominal pleurites as for female (Fig. 13), except for 12 marginal metanotal setae and continuous row of tergal setae on I. Tergal setae: I, 17; II, 29; III���IV, 32���33; V, 37; VI, 30; VII, 27; VIII, 23. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 15 marginal between asters, 12 anterior; III, 25; IV, 27; V, 31; VI, 28; VII, 21; VIII, 9. Genital sac sclerite as for M. lightae (Fig. 3). Dimensions: TW, 0.39; HL, 0.28; PW, 0.27; MW, 0.35; AWIV, 0.45; GL, 0.40; TL, 1.22. Type material. Holotype female (to INHS), ex S. striatipectus, PANAMA: Serriana del Maje, 16 Feb. 2006, JMD 690, K.P. Johnson. Paratypes (to INHS): 1 female, 1 male, same data as holotype. Remarks. This is the second species described here that has both sexes with a complete row of tergal setae across the majority to all abdominal segments. It differs from M. sychrai that also shows this feature by the female with much smaller anterior tergites (Fig. 11 vs. Fig. 12), and by both sexes with much smaller dimensions, with fewer setae on the metasternal plate and tergites III���VI, and with a much shorter postspiracular seta on VII. The male is further separable by having fewer anterior setae on sternite II and fewer total setae on sternites III���VI. The type series of M. pittendrighi is unusual in that it was taken from the same individual host bird that also yielded three specimens of M. lightae. We consider it a rarity to find two different species of Myrsidea on the same individual, but we opt for recognizing this as a valid record without evidence to the contrary. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Barry Pittendrigh, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, in recognition of his efforts to organize and obtain the first complete sequences of a louse genome, which will be a great asset to work on the systematics of lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), pp. 1-10 in Zootaxa 1873 on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184026

Genus Forficuloecus Conci Forficuloecus Conci, 1941: 126. Type species: Philopterus forficula (Piaget, 1871) by original designation. A brief characterization of this genus as it pertains to the features shared by the lice in this study is as follows. Head as in Fig. 1; broadest at temples, elongated and narrowed anteriorly, terminating in a relatively transparent forceps-like structure; with prominent dorsoanterior plate; without sexually dimorphic antennae. Thorax (Fig. 1) with pronotum having a single lateroposterior seta. Metanotum without central setae and with 18���22 setae distributed across posterior margin. Metasternal plate small, with two setae. Abdomen (Figs. 1, 4) with divided tergites on II���VIII, variable on IX of male, prominent and complete on IX of female. Counts for tergal setae include all setae on line mediad of spiracles. Sternites weakly developed, with sparse setae; anterior sterna lacking numerous short spiniform setae. Male genitalia (e.g., Figs. 2, 12) with prominent pair of parameres, conspicuous mesosomal complex, and medioposterior unpaired "penis" structure of characteristic shape. Female with large medioposterior subgenital plate (e.g., Figs. 4, 10). For brevity, neither these characters nor those of the species groups will be repeated in the species descriptions., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637, {"references":["Conci, C. (1941) Nuovi generi di Mallofagi (Nota preliminare). Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 73, 126 - 127.","Piaget, E. (1871) Description de quelques parasites du genre Docophorus. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 14, 113 - 137, 2 pl."]}

Forficuloecus wilsoni Price, Johnson, and Palma, new species (Figs. 15���17) Type host. Platycercus venustus (Kuhl, 1820), the Northern Rosella. Male. Dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 16. Tergal setae: II���VII, 6���10; VIII, 6���7. Tergite IX with well developed lateral plates, distinct median gap between them. Sternal setae: II, 2���3; III���VI, 6���11; VII, 3���6. Genitalia (Fig. 17) with evenly curved parameres and very long penis shaped as shown. Female. Dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 15. Tergal setae: II, 12���13; III, 9���13; IV, 12; V���VI, 8���11; VII, 8; VIII, 6���7. Sternal setae: II, 2; III���V, 8���10; VI, 7���8; VII, 4���6. Type material. Holotype male (ANIC), ex P. venustus, AUSTRALIA: Northwest Territory, Pine Creek, 24 Oct. 2002, D.H. Clayton, ANWC 33998 & 99. Paratypes (UU, INHS): 2 males, 4 females, same data holotype. Remarks. Both sexes of F. w i l s o n i and F. palmai Guimar��es represent the largest members of this species group. However, both sexes of F. w i l s o n i have consistently fewer tergal setae on most abdominal segments and males are distinctive by their strongly defined tergite IX and details of the genitalia (Fig. 17 vs Fig. 20). Etymology. This species is named for Robert Wilson, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, in recognition of his assistance in collecting lice from a wide range of avian hosts., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637

Myrsidea troglodyti (Denny, 1842) (Figs. 10���12) Menopon troglodyti Denny, 1842: 200. Type host: " Troglodytes Europaeus" = Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus, 1758), the Winter Wren. This species is the first and only Myrsidea to date that has been described from a member of the Troglodytidae. What is surprising is that the type series used by Denny for this description is composed only of four immatures, each mounted on its own slide which are displayed in Fig. 12. A slide with a late third instar nymph showing evidence of the female setae developing beneath the nymphal integument bears a pencil inscription designating it as the type female. The other specimens represent two more third instars in an earlier state of development and a smaller louse, most likely a second instar. Denny does not mention the sex of these specimens and his vague description is of little value. Denny worked from specimens on cards, although his collection was mounted in Canada balsam on microscope slides sometime prior to 1937 by persons unknown. Thompson (1937) itemized the lice in the Denny collection at the British Museum (Natural History) and only listed two females of M. troglodyti from T. t. troglodytes [" T. parvulus, Wren, Britain ", on slide labels]. These slides bear the acquisition numbers (1852 - 98) of the Denny collection and undoubtedly represent two of the four specimens originally examined by Denny. We have examined these slides which are displayed (Fig. 12). Third instar nymph. Head with moderately developed hypopharyngeal sclerites (Fig. 11). Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 10. Metanotal margin with 10���11 setae; metasternal plate with 10 setae. All abdominal tergites of similar size. Tergal setae: I, 12���14; II���III, 13���15; IV, 14; V, 11���12; VI, 12; VII, 9��� 11; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae very long to extremely long on all segments, shortest on V. Pleurites I���VII with relatively uniform short setae, VIII with pair of slightly longer setae. Sternal setae: II, each aster with only 2 short setae, 13���15 marginal between asters, 10���11 anterior; III, 16���22; IV, 27���33; V, 34���35; VI, 32���36; VII, 15���17; VIII���IX, 13���14. Dimensions: TW, 0.54���0.56; HL, 0.35���0.37; PW, 0.36���0.38; MW, 0.52���0.59; AWIV, 0.72���0.82; TL, 1.74���1.78. Material. 3 third instar, 1 second instar nymphs, ex T. troglodytes, all representing type series for M. troglodyti, BRITAIN, Denny Collection 1852 - 98. Though one slide is marked " type " and Hopkins and Clay (1952: 234) indicate that the type is at the British Museum (Natural History), neither Denny nor anyone else designated a type specimen of this species. We hereby designate the third instar nymph described above as the Lectotype and return it to The Natural History Museum, London. Remarks. While there are difficulties comparing a species represented only by immature lice with those represented by adults, the lengths of the postspiracular setae of M. troglodyti are similar to those of M. whitemani and distinct from those of the other two species described above. Also, the head dimensions of M. troglodyti are larger than any of the others, the metasternal plate has 10 setae, and there are indications of a possible significantly smaller number of tergal and sternal setae, including the very weak aster of only two setae. Most of these features for M. troglodyti point up a closer relationship to M. whitemani than to the others, but we feel the evidence supports the recognition of all as distinct taxa until a study of adults from T. troglodytes reveals otherwise., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 59-65 in Zootaxa 1740 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181499, {"references":["Denny, H. (1842) Monographia anoplurorum Britanniae. Henry G. Bohn, London. xxvi + 262 pp.","Thompson, G. B. (1937) A list of the Denny collection of Mallophaga in the British Museum (Natural History) and of their hosts. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10), 19, 74 - 81.","Hopkins, G. H. E. & Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera & species of Mallophaga. British Museum (Natural History), London. 362 pp"]}

Myrsidea lightae Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 1���4) Type host. Saltator maximus (Statius M��ller, 1776), the Buff-throated Saltator. Female. Head with strongly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites; gula usually with 5 setae on each side, much less often only 4. Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 1. Metanotal posterior margin with 17���21 setae; metasternal plate with 6, less often 5 or 7, setae. Tergite I much enlarged with pronounced tapered medioposterior convexity, this resulting in compression of tergites II���VI. Each tergal setal row with distinct median gap. Tergal setae: I, 13���20; II, 17���22; III, 17���24; IV, 17���22; V, 15���23; VI, 16���21; VII, 14���20; VIII, 9���16. Postspiracular setae on III and V���VI Male. Head, thorax, median gap in abdominal tergal setal rows, lengths of postspiracular setae, and chaetotaxy of abdominal pleurites as for female (Fig. 4), except for only 13���19 marginal metanotal setae. Tergal setae: I, 13���17; II, 16���21; III, 18���22; IV, 16���20; V, 17���22; VI, 16���20; VII, 15���20; VIII, 12���15. Sternal setae: II, 5 in each aster, less often 4, 15��� 19 marginal between asters, 9���14 anterior; III, 24���33; IV, 39���46; V, 39���47; VI, 36���41; VII, 18���31; VIII, 7���12. Genitalia as in Fig. 2; genital sac sclerite (Fig. 3) posteriorly tapered, with median dark line and each side with small slender subapical process. Dimensions: TW, 0.46���0.50; HL, 0.31��� 0.33; PW, 0.30���0.32; MW, 0.41���0.45; AWIV, 0.52���0.57; GL, 0.46���0.49; TL, 1.34���1.47. Type material. Holotype female (to INHS), ex S. maximus, PANAMA: Serriana del Maje, 16 Feb. 2006, JMD 603, K.P. Johnson. Paratypes (to INHS), all from type host: 1 female, 1 male, same data as holotype; 3 females, 2 males, same except JMD 656; Paratypes (to USNM) COSTA RICA: 3 females, 3 males, Punta Cocles Hotel, 10 km E. Pto. Viejo, Limon, 24���25 Apr. 1992, R.L. Fisher 228, R.C. Dalgleish; 1 female, 1 male, La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo, 11���14 June 1992, R.L. Fisher 399, R.C. Dalgleish; 1 male, Monte Anivo Lodge, 13 km N. Portero Grande, Punterenas, 17 May 1995, Fisher 2124, R.C. Dalgleish; VEN- EZUELA: 2 females, 1 male, 60 km E. Sta. Elena, Edo. Bolivar, Jan. 1987, R.C. Dalgleish. Other material. Ex S. striatipectus Lafresnaye, 1847, PANAMA: 1 female, 2 males, Serriana del Maje, 16 Feb. 2006, JMD 687, K.P. Johnson; COSTA RICA: 5 females, 1 male, Las Cruces Biological Station, Cota Brus, 18���21 Apr. 1992, R.L. Fisher 80, R.C. Dalgleish. Remarks. This species represents the first of three described here that have a median gap in the abdominal tergal rows. The female is easily separated from those of the other two by the much enlarged abdominal tergite I (Fig. 1 vs. Figs. 5 and 9) and the large number of setae on the abdominal tergites. The male may be distinguished by its quantitative abdominal tergal chaetotaxy and its large dimensions. In addition, both sexes have typically five setae in each sternite II aster, rarely four on one side, as opposed to the other two species always having four setae on both sides, rarely three on one side. Etymology. This species is named in honor or Jessica Light, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, in recognition of her work on louse systematics and coevolution., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), pp. 1-10 in Zootaxa 1873 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184026

meinertzhageni species group The four species of this group are recognized from those of the other group by having both sexes with two long setae on each lateral temple margin (Figs. 1, 3), male genitalia with a short heavily pigmented penis (Figs. 2, 5, 6, 8), and females with setae posterior to subgenital plate aligned as in Fig. 4, with two transverse rows of short setae and few setae interspersed between these rows., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637

Myrsidea bessae Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species (Figs. 5���9) Type host. Thryothorus semibadius Salvin, 1870, the Riverside Wren. Female. Head with strongly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites (Fig. 6). Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 5. Metanotal posterior margin gently rounded, with 10���13 setae; metasternal plate with 6��� 8 setae. With tergite I enlarged, medioposteriorly convex, slightly compressing tergites II���III. Tergal setae: I, 12���14; II, 14���15; III, 15���16; IV, 14���17; V, 14���16; VI, 10���13; VII, 8���10; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae shortest on V���VI (Male. Dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen as in Fig. 7. Metanotal posterior margin straight, with 6���9 setae; metasternal plate with 4���6 setae. Tergal setae: I, 8���9; II���V, 12���14; VI, 10���12; VII, 8���10; VIII, 8. Sternal setae: II, 4 short setae in each aster, 9���10 marginal between asters, 7���8 anterior; III, 16���18; IV, 18���22; V, 22���24; VI, 21���24; VII, 11���15; VIII, 5���6. Genital sac sclerite tapered from broad anterior portion (Fig. 8). Dimensions: TW, 0.41; HL, 0.28���0.31; PW, 0.26���0.28; MW, 0.37���0.38; AWIV, 0.44���0.47; GL, 0.38���0.41; TL, 1.19���1.28. Type material. Holotype female (to INHS), ex T. semibadius, PANAMA: Charco Azul, 2 Mar. 2006, JMD 888, K. Johnson. Paratypes: 1 female, 1 male, same data as holotype; 1 female, 1 male, same except JMD 886 (to INHS). Other material. 3 females, 2 males, ex T. fasciatoventris Lafresnaye, 1845, the Black-bellied Wren, PANAMA: Charco Azul, 2 Mar. 2006, JMD 894, K. Johnson (INHS). Remarks. Both sexes of M. bessae are separable from those of M. whitemani by being smaller in all dimensions, by having fewer abdominal tergal and sternal setae, by their shorter and smaller number of aster setae on sternite II, and by their well-developed hypopharyngeal sclerites. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Emilie Bess, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, in recognition of her contributions to electronic resources on lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 59-65 in Zootaxa 1740 on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181499

Myrsidea dacostai Price, Johnson, and Dalgleish, new species Type host. Thamnophilus doliatus (Linnaeus, 1764), the Barred Antshrike. Female (3). Metanotum with 7���8 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 5���7 setae. Tergal setae: I, 16���18; II, 15���19; III, 15���18; IV, 18���19; V, 19���21; VI, 19���20; VII, 16���18; VIII, 9���12. Sternal setae: II, 14���16 marginal between asters, 8���9 anterior; III, 21���23; IV, 29���34; V, 33���37; VI, 30���33; VII, 8���11; VIII���IX, 18���21. Anus with 45���47 ventral, 44���50 dorsal fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.49���0.50; HL, 0.33���0.34; PW, 0.31��� 0.33; MW, 0.48���0.51; AWIV, 0.67���0.72; ANW, 0.25���0.28; TL, 1.58���1.66. Male (2). Metanotum with 7���8 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 4���5 setae. Tergal setae: I, 9; II���III, 14���15; IV, 15���16; V, 17���18; VI, 15���16; VII, 11���13; VIII, 8���9. Sternal setae: II, 11���12 marginal between asters, 8���9 anterior; III, 19���20; IV, 24���26; V���VI, 27���28; VII, 14; VIII, 9���12. Dimensions: TW, 0.45���0.46; HL, 0.31���0.32; PW, 0.28���0.29; MW, 0.41���0.42; AWIV, 0.53; GL, 0.44���0.46; TL, 1.36���1.37. Type material. Holotype male (USNM), ex T. doliatus, NE PERU: 50 km SE Iquitos, Explor Ama Camp, Rio Yanamoto, 20 June 1989, R.C.D. et al. Paratypes: (USNM) 2 females, same data as holotype; (INHS) 1 female, 1 male, same data as holotype. Remarks. Both sexes of M. dacostai are larger in most dimensions than for M. klickai and they also have more marginal metanotal and abdominal tergal setae. Etymology. This species is named for Jeff DaCosta, Marjorie Barrick Museum, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in recognition of his assistance in collecting the lice used in this study and for his work on bird systematics., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from antshrikes and antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 1819 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182969

Forficuloecus josephi Price, Johnson, and Palma, new species (Figs. 21���25) Type host. Neopsephotus bourkii (Gould, 1841), the Bourke's Parrot. Male. Dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 25. Tergal setae: II, 4���6; III���VII, 4; VIII, 2���4. Tergite IX with small but well-defined lateral plates, distinct median gap between them. Sternal setae: II, 2; III, 2���4; IV���V, 4; VI���VII, 4���6. Genitalia (Fig. 22) with long gently curved parameres and elongate slender penis shaped as shown. Female. Head as in Fig. 24, dorsal abdomen as in Fig. 21. Tergal setae: II, 5���6; III, 4���5; IV, 4���6; V���VIII, 4. Sternal setae: II, 2���3; III, 2���5; IV���V, 4���7; VI, 5���7; VII, 4. Ventral terminalia as in Fig. 23 Type material. Holotype male (ANIC), ex N. bourkii, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, 22 May 2002, T. Chesser, ANWC 33375. Paratypes (INHS): 1 male, 3 females, same data as holotype; 1 male, 1 female, same except South Australia, 1 May 2002, ANWC 32776. Other material. Ex Neophema splendida (Gould, 1841) [captive], AUSTRALIA: 1 male, 1 female (MONZ), South Australia, Adelaide, June 1986, P. Needham. Remarks. Both sexes of F. josephi are the smallest of the species in this group, and they are further distinctive by having the fewest abdominal tergal setae. This small size and reduced number of tergal setae are most similar to F. greeni Guimar��es. However, the consistently smaller number of tergal setae for F. josephi will separate these two species. Palma and Barker (1996: 178) listed Neophema splendida as a host for F. greeni, based on the same specimens that we have identified as F. josephi in this review. Etymology. This species is named for Leo Joseph, Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, in recognition of his work on the systematics of parrots and his assistance in collecting bird lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637, {"references":["Palma, R. L. & Barker, S. C. (1996) Phthiraptera. Pp 81 - 247, 333 - 361 (App. I-IV), 373 - 396 (index) in Wells, A. (Ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 26. Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, and Thysanoptera. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, Australia."]}

forficula species group The six species of this group are recognized from those of the meinertzhageni group by having both sexes with only one long seta on each lateral temple margin (Figs. 11, 24), male genitalia with a conspicuous elongate tapered penis (Figs. 12, 14, 17, 20, 22), and females with setae posterior to subgenital plate as in Figs. 10, 18, or 23, with few setae grouped around pair of inwardly pointing sclerites., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637

Myrsidea mcleannani Sychra Myrsidea mcleannani Sychra in Sychra et al. 2006: 52. Type host: Phaenostictus mcleannani (Lawrence, 1860). This species was the first Myrsidea described from a member of the Thamnophilidae. It was described and illustrated in Sychra et al. (2006), and we need not repeat the details. Use of descriptive features will be limited to the minimum value for each range as given by Sychra et al. (2006) for certain dimensions and tergal setal counts for M. mcleannani as they are sufficient for comparison with our new species. Female. Tergal setae (minimum value): I, 10; II, 17; III���IV, 20; V���VI, 19; VII, 14. Dimensions (minimum value): TW, 0.51; HL, 0.33; PW, 0.33; MW, 0.50; AWIV, 0.69; ANW, 0.31; TL, 1.70. Male. Tergal setae (minimum value): I, 10; II, 16; III���IV, 20; V���VI, 18; VII, 16. Dimensions (minimum value): TW, 0.46; HL, 0.31; PW, 0.30; MW, 0.41; AWIV, 0.53; GL, 0.47; TL, 1.44. Remarks. Both sexes of this species are readily separated from the other two species of this group by the consistently larger dimensions and more setae on the majority of the abdominal tergites., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Dalgleish, Robert C., 2008, Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from antshrikes and antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 1819 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182969, {"references":["Sychra, O., Literak, I, C apek, M., & Havlicek, M. (2006) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from typical antbirds and ground antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae, Formicariidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of three new species of the genera Formicaphagus and Myrsidea. Zootaxa, 1206, 47 - 61."]}

Forficuloecus emersoni Guimar��es (Fig. 5) Forficuloecus emersoni Guimar��es, 1985: 42. Type host: Alisterus chloropterus (E.P. Ramsay, 1879), the Papuan King Parrot. Male. Tergal setae: II���III, 7���8; IV���VII, 9���11; VIII, 6���8. Tergite IX with median bridge connecting lateral portions, as in Fig. 7. Sternal setae: II, 5���12; III���VI, 6���15; VII, 4���6. Genitalia (Fig. 5) with parameres shaped as shown and isolated darkly pigmented medioposterior structure of kidney-bean shape. Female. Tergal setae: II, 8; III, 8���9; IV���VII, 8���11; VIII, 6���8. Sternal setae: II, 8���10; III, 8���14; IV���VI, 7��� 12; VII, 4���8. Material. Ex A. chloropterus, NEW GUINEA: Holotype male, allotype female of F. emersoni (KCEM), Bulolo, 3 Mar. 1962, H. Clissold; 1 male, 2 females (UMSP), Bulolo River, BBM-NG 27880, P. Shanahan; 1 male (UMSP), Wau, 27 Feb. 1963, BBM-NG 20349, H. Clissold. Remarks. While very similar to F. c a m e ro n i, the male of F. emersoni differs in the shape of the parameres, the characteristic kidney-bean shape of the penis, and the presence of a bridge connecting the lateral portions of tergite IX. Females of these two species are very close, with F. emersoni having a total of 23��� 33 setae on sterna IV���VI., Published as part of Price, Roger D., Johnson, Kevin P. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2008, A review of the genus Forficuloecus Conci (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 49-62 in Zootaxa 1859 on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183637, {"references":["Guimaraes, L. R. (1985) Ischnocera (Mallophaga) infesting parrots (Psittaciformes). V. Four new species of Forficuloecus Conci, 1941 (Philopteridae) from the South Pacific. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 36, 41 - 49."]}

Myrsidea goodmani Price and Johnson, new species (Fig. 5) Type host. Bernieria madagascariensis madagascariensis (J.F. Gmelin), the Long��billed bernieria. Male. Gula with 2���3 setae on each side. Metanotum with 6 setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 6; II, 9; III���IV, 12; V, 11; VI, 10; VII���VIII, 8. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.40 or more) on tergites II, IV, and VIII, shorter (0.25���0.29) on VI���VII, and shortest (0.13���0.22) on I, III, and V. Sternal setae: II, each aster with 5 setae, remainder with 23; III, 10; IV, 18; V���VI, 20���21; VII, 13; VIII, 4. Genitalia much as in Fig. 3, but with broad sac sclerite as in Fig. 5. Dimensions: TW, 0.39; HL, 0.28; PW, 0.24; MW, 0.36; AWIV, 0.45; GL, 0.37; TL, 1.14. Female. Gula with 3���4 setae on each side. Metanotum with 8 setae on posterior margin. Tergites unmodified, of similar size. Tergal setae: I, 6; II, 12; III���V, 15���16; VI, 14; VII, 13; VIII, 8. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for male. Sternal setae: II, each aster with 5���6 setae, remainder with 21; III, 26; IV, 40; V���VI, 47���48; VII, 21; VIII���IX with 14 marginal, 13 anterior setae. Each pleurite II���V with 8���10 short marginal setae. Anus with 31���32 ventral and dorsal fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.45; HL, 0.30; PW, 0.29; MW, 0.40; AWIV, 0.59; ANW, 0.19; TL, 1.53. Type material. Holotype female, ex B. m. madagascariensis, M ADAGASCAR: Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, 15 Oct 2001, S. Goodman, SMG 12152. Paratype: 1 male, same data as holotype except 26 Oct 2001, SMG 12250. Remarks. This species is quite similar to M. yoshizawai, with only minor and likely not significant differences in setal numbers and dimensions. The two species are, however, separated on the basis of the male of M. goodmani having a quite different structure of the genital sac sclerite (Fig. 5 vs Fig. 2). Etymology. This species is named for Steve Goodman, The Field Museum, Chicago, in recognition of his assistance in collecting the lice used for this study and for his continued efforts to preserve the Malagasy fauna. 5, Myrsidea goodmani, male genital sac sclerite. 6, M. mccrackeni, female metanotum and dorsal abdomen. 7, M. batesi, female metanotum and dorsoventral abdomen., Published as part of Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2006, Four new species of Myrsidea Waterston chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Malagasy warblers (Passeriformes), pp. 47-55 in Zootaxa 1297 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173561

Myrsidea yoshizawai Price and Johnson, new species (Figs. 1���4) Type host. Xanthomixis zosterops andapae (Salomonsen), the Short��billed tetraka. Male. As in Fig. 1. Gula with 3 setae on each side. Metanotum with 6���8 setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 6; II, 8���9; III, 10���14; IV, 13���14; V, 11���13; VI, 9���12; VII, 8���10; VIII, 8. Conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.16���0.22) on I, III, and V, longer (0.23���0.27) on VI���VII, and extremely long (at least 0.40) on II, IV, and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, remainder with 16���18; III, 10���11; IV, 18���20; V, 21���23; VI, 16���19; VII, 9���11; VIII, 4. Genitalia (Fig. 3) with elongate U��shaped sac sclerite as in Fig. 2. Dimensions: TW, 0.38���0.39; HL, 0.26���0.28; PW, 0.24; MW, 0.33���0.34; AWIV, 0.42���0.43; GL, 0.34���0.36; TL, 1.13���1.15. Female. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 4. Metanotum with 8 setae on posterior margin. Tergites unmodified, of similar size. Tergal setae: I, 6; II, 11; III���V, 15���16; VI, 11; VII, 9; VIII, 8. With conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for male. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 5 setae, remainder with 19; III, 23; IV, 38; V, 47; VI, 44; VII, 15; VIII���IX with 12 marginal, 12 anterior setae. Each pleurite II���V with about 8 short marginal setae. Anus with 37 ventral fringe setae, 30 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.44; HL, 0.30; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.42; AWIV, 0.56; ANW, 0.18; TL, 1.48. Type material. Holotype female, ex X. zosterops andapae, MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, 19 Oct 2001, S. Goodman, SMG 12196. Paratypes: 2 males, same data as holotype. Other material. 1 male, probably ex X. zosterops andapae, MADAGASCAR, but contaminant mounted on slide with louse ex Philepitta castanea (Statius M��ller). Remarks. This new species is recognized by the quantitative abdominal chaetotaxy, the conspicuous median gap in all tergal setae rows, and the male with the unique Ushaped genital sac sclerite. The single "contaminant" male is clearly a member of this new species and is markedly different from males of M. minuscula (Piaget), the usual louse on Philepitta castanea. This slide carried the same locality data as for X. zosterops andapae, including S. Goodman the collector and the date of 16 Oct 2001. Etymology. This species is named for Kazunori Yoshizawa, University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, in recognition of his contributions to understanding the phylogenetic relationships of parasitic lice and bark lice., Published as part of Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2006, Four new species of Myrsidea Waterston chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Malagasy warblers (Passeriformes), pp. 47-55 in Zootaxa 1297 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173561