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First North American records are presented for Cryptocephalus moraei (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cryptocephalinae) and Psylliodes dulcamarae (Koch, 1803) (Coleoptera: Galerucinae: Alticini), as confirmed by morphology and DNA barcoding. Additional information is presented about phenology and host use for C. moraei, the first European Cryptocephalinae to be found elsewhere as conclusively adventive. Cryptocephalus moraei is expected to have no ecological impact on its host, the adventive Hypericum perforatum Linnaeus (Hypericaceae). However, P. dulcamarae, the second recently discovered flea beetle associated with the adventive Solanum dulcamara Linnaeus (Solanaceae), probably does harm that host. Both species are hypothesised to have arrived from Europe with woody plant material imported with soil during 1960–1965. A literature review of introduced Chrysomelidae found that Canada and the United States of America are together home to 68–78 species of adventive Chrysomelidae. All non-Bruchinae species among these are both native to Europe and occur either in Canada or both Canada and United States of America, except for intentionally introduced biological control agents and two species that feed on Eucalyptus L’Héritier de Brutelle (Myrtaceae). This suggests a dominant role of accidental introductions of cool-climate European species in recent unplanned additions to the fauna of leaf-feeding Chrysomelidae in North America.

Following the introduction of cattle, exotic dung beetles (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) were imported into the Antipodes (Australia and New Zealand) and North America (primarily the United States) to accelerate the degradation of cattle dung on pastures. The history of dung beetle introductions between the two regions is similar but has not previously been assessed: this is important as new introductions are continuing in the regions. Here, we review these introduction programs, report on their current status, and discuss methodological advances. In doing so, we examine the accidental introduction of exotic (i.e., adventive) species and the contribution of both deliberately introduced and adventive species to endemic dung beetle faunas. Further, we provide a list of pest and parasite species whose populations can be reduced by dung beetle activity. We also identify a combined total of 37 introduced and 47 adventive dung beetle species that have become established in the Antipodes and North America, with exotic species dominating dung beetle assemblages from pasture habitats. Climatic and edaphic matches, the size of founding populations, abiotic and biotic stressors, and the time of year when releases are made are all critical determinants that affect the success of dung beetle introduction programs. Finally, we discuss opportunities, plus the risks and challenges associated with dung beetle introductions. We hope that this review will aid in the success of future introduction programs, either to enhance ecosystem services in areas that they are needed, or potentially to reestablish native species in regions where they have been extirpated.

An Oriental species of whiteflies, Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana, 1911), was collected for the first time from the territory of Russia (the Black Sea Coast of Russian Caucasus, Sochi National Park). The species was found to form dense colonies of ultimolarvae (pseudopupae) on leaves of Ficus carica and Ulmus glabra. Some of the ultimolarvae were infected by the fungus Conoideocrella luteorostrata (Zimmermann, 1901) Johnson et al., 2009. A morphological description of the pseudopupa of A. aucubae, with the original figure and photos are provided.

Psix striaticeps(Dodd) is an egg-parasitoid wasp previously known only from the Old World. We report this species from twelve counties in Florida, which are the first records in the Western Hemisphere. It was collected in yellow cylinder traps and reared from the eggs of three stink bug species:Nezara viridulaL.,Chinavia marginata(Palisot de Beauvois), andPiezodorus guildinii(Westwood). A COI barcode analysis found a 100% match between the Floridian population and a specimen from South Africa. The prospects of usingPs. striaticepsas a biological control agent against exotic stink bugs are discussed.

Впервые cоставлен конспект адвентивной флоры Новосибирской области, насчитывающий 305 видов. 34 из них проявляют себя в качестве инвазивных. Показаны экологическая приуроченность видов, распространение по административным районам, отмечены способ заноса и степень натурализации на территории области. Критически обработаны коллекции Центрального сибирского ботанического сада, расширено представление о распространении 74 видов, 19 из которых являются редко встречающимися в области чужеземными видами.

The paper summarizes new and literature data on the species composition, trophic relationships, and population dynamics of phyllophagous lepidopterans dominant on woody plants in St. Petersburg and its environs (Russia). Most of these species have concealed larvae (e.g., leaf miners and leaf rollers), and some of them are invasive. The data were accumulated during approximately a hundred years of observations and field collections. Concealed species form the dominant group within the studied complex of phyllophagous moths in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Province (27 species from 13 families). Changes in the composition of dominant pests of the dog rose, bird cherry, elm, poplar, and other woody plants have been recorded. Outbreaks of some species, such as Phyllonorycter salicicolella (Gracillariidae), Archips rosana (Tortricidae), Leucoma salicis, Lymantria monacha, and Orgyia antiqua (Erebidae), were recorded during the XX century but since about 1980 the population density of these species has remained at a very low level. Another group of species, which includes Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Gracillariidae), Batrachedra praeangusta (Batrachedridae), Acleris bergmanniana, and Epinotia abbreviana (Tortricidae), demonstrated a sharp increase in population density in the 1990–2000s, a phenomenon which had not been observed before. The possible causes of such population dynamics are discussed. The dominant species of phyllophagous micro-lepidopterans, including some recent invaders (e.g., Cameraria ohridella and Phyllonorycter issikii, Gracillariidae) and adventive species (e.g., Ph. populifoliella and Ph. acerifoliella, Gracillariidae) pose a serious threat to woody plants in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Province.

Stenopelmus rufinasus, a North American weevil introduced to Europe along with the invasive aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides, has been recorded from Poland for the first time. Its locality is a natural oxbow lake of the River Odra in Wrocław, the only city in Poland where A. filiculoides has been repeatedly recorded over the last dozen years. The diagnostic characters of this weevil species, its biology, current distribution in Europe and its prospects in Poland are discussed.

Composition of insect species pollinating Sorbus aucuparia and Aronia mitschurinii in Moscow Region, Russia was studied. It was collected 39 species – representatives of 4 orders and 21 families. The hypothesis that these two plants with same inflorescences and blossoming simultaneously are visited by the same insect species was not proved: 18 species were captured only on S. aucuparia and 16 species only on A. mitschurinii. Insects demonstrated selectivity towards aboriginal (Sorbus) and adventive (Aronia) plants. Only five species were registered on both plants: Bombus ruderarius Müller, 1776, Andrena haemorrhoa (Fabricius, 1781), Bellardia viarum obineauDesvoidy, 1830, Anthrenus scrophulariae Linnaeus, 1758 and Anaspis frontalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Sorbus aucuparia was more attractive for Diptera from the families Calliphoridae and Milichiidae, and Aronia mitschurinii – for Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. Selectivity was discovered at species level also: Andrena ruficrus Nylander, 1848 and Myopa polystigma Rondani, 1857 visited Aronia mitschurinii only and Andrena subopaca Nylander, 1848 and Myopa testacea (Linnaeus, 1767) – Sorbus aucuparia. The majority of collected insect species are polyphagous. Additional data on other plants visited by the same insects during the period of bloom of Sorbus and Aronia are given, including those from the genera Malus, Spiraea, Pyrus, Prunus, Rosa, Rubus, Cerasus Crataegus, Barbarea and Taraxacum.

The bryocorine mirid Tenthecoris tillandsiae Henry (Hemiptera: Miridae) was described as a new species in 2016. Although the type locality is Charleston, South Carolina, the species is considered adventive in the United States and native to Latin America. Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides [L.] L.; Bromeliaceae) is the plant bug's only known host. Tenthecoris tillandsiae was found in three counties of the greater Charleston area in clumps of Spanish moss that grew on ten species of woody plants, especially Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaericaW. Bartram exWilld.; Fagaceae) and live oak (Q. virginiana Mill.). Nymphs and adults fed on strands of the moss, on which they left dark spots of excrement. Overwintered eggs hatched in mid- to late April, with first-generation adults appearing by early May. Two additional generations were produced; nymphs were present into October, and an adult female was found as late as mid-December. Tenthecoris tillandsiae sometimes was syntopic with a native plant bug (Phytocoris tillandsiae Johnston) that specializes on Spanish moss. Pathways of entry that might have allowed T. tillandsiae to enter the southeastern United States from South America (where Spanish moss originated), Central America, or Mexico are discussed. This immigrant mirid is suggested to be a benign addition to the arthropod community associated with Spanish moss, a plant not only symbolic of the South, but also one known to help conserve insect biodiversity.

Nematus spiraeae Zaddach, a European sawfly that feeds on Aruncus diocus (Walter) Fernald (Rosaceae), was discovered in Quebec. This probable introduction is the first report of N. spiraeae in North America and the first record of a sawfly feeding on Aruncus in North America. A diagnosis and some life history notes are given for N. spiraeae.

In the summer of 2010, two male specimens of the neotropical orchid bee genus Eufriesea Cockerell were collected in the Guadalupe Mountains of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, USA. We tentatively identified them as E. coerulescens (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau) because of the uncertainty surrounding the limits of this taxon and hypothesized that they were members of a persistent bee population, rather than long-distance transient vagrants. The goals of this paper are to clarify the identity of these specimens, assess the species limits of E. coerulescens, and to evaluate suitability of habitats in the USA for this adventive species. Herein, we revise the species in the coerulescens group using morphological features of both sexes and confirm that the specimens of Eufriesea from the USA are E. coerulescens. We recognize the following six species in the coerulescens group: E. coerulescens, E. micheneri Ayala & Engel, E. simillima (Moure & Michener), which is reinstated from synonym with E. coerulescens, and three new species from Mexico (E. barthelli Gonzalez & Griswold, sp. n., E. engeli Gonzalez & Griswold, sp. n., and E. oliveri Gonzalez & Griswold, sp. n.). To facilitate the identification of these taxa, we present a fully illustrated account of the species, comparative diagnoses, descriptions, and an updated key to all Mexican species of Eufriesea. Our analyses using species distribution modelling show an absence of suitable habitat for E. coerulescens in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, thus favoring the long-distance dispersal hypothesis. The analyses also suggest high suitability of habitats across the Caribbean and some areas in Florida, as well as in other regions in Mexico and Central America. We discuss the implications of these results and compare them with the predicted distribution available for the other two known adventive orchid bee species in the USA.

Arytainilla spartiophila (Foerster) is native to central and western Europe and a specialist herbivore on Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius [L.] Link; Fabaceae). This psyllid has been released for biological control and become established in exotic habitats where Scotch broom is invasive (Australia, New Zealand). Accidentally introduced into North America, it is known in the Pacific Northwest from California, Oregon, and Washington, and in Canada from British Columbia. Virginia has remained the only eastern North American record. Based on fieldwork in 2015 and 2016, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina are added to the psyllid's known eastern distribution. Its syntopy with Arytaina genistae (Latreille) at a site in western North Carolina represents the first eastern North American locale where both immigrant Palearctic psyllids of Scotch broom have been found. Adults (mainly males) of this univoltine species appeared in mid-April, numbers declined by mid- to late May when populations became...

New U.S. records are given for two immigrant Old World insects established on mimosa, Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae), based on collections from 2013 to 2015. The psyllid Acizzia jamatonica is newly reported from Arkansas (11 counties), Louisiana (3 parishes), and Oklahoma (3 counties); the westernmost collection site (95°34′) was in Oklahoma. New state records for the bruchine chrysomelid Bruchidius terrenus are Arkansas (2 counties), Kansas (1 county), Louisiana (3 parishes), Oklahoma (6 counties), and Texas (4 counties); it was taken as far west as 98°00′ in Kansas. Although the foci of introduction for both species are unknown, they might have entered the United States at southeastern ports (coastal, inland, or both) with the shipment of infested mimosa nursery stock from Asia. Following establishment, their spread north and west probably involved natural dispersal and movement of infested host plants (jump dispersal) within the United States.

Diaphania costata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a leaffolder on Apocynaceae in the Neotropics and the southeastern United States. Adult moths photographed or captured at light in the United States have been commonly misidentified, and the species’ Nearctic distribution has been poorly documented. We provide diagnostic characters for larval and adult stages, compare it to related Old World taxa, and describe the damage to ornamental Vinca L. The species is not restricted to Texas but occurs as far east as the Atlantic Coast and as far north as Virginia. Specimens collected in daily surveys over many years indicate that the range of D. costata spread naturally from Louisiana and Texas from the 1980s into the 2000s.

Chinese tallowtree, Triadica sebifera (L.) Small (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), is an invasive weed from southern China that is invasive in the Gulf states of the southeastern USA. One significant factor that contributes to the success of this weed has been the lack of herbivore species attacking it in the invaded range. However, the leafminer species Caloptilia triadicae Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was discovered feeding on Chinese tallowtree in Florida in 2008 and has now been found throughout much of the plant's invaded range. We monitored the seasonal abundance of C. triadicae populations and their associated parasitoids over 2 yr in Florida. Populations of C. triadicae peaked in Jun and Jul in 2013 and 2014. Parasitism averaged about 3.3% of larvae and pupae, with a peak of 12%. The most abundant parasitoid species was Goniozus sp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) (76% of all parasitoid individuals reared) and, second, Brasema sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (18% of parasitoids). Due to specific niche requirements and the apparent exploitation of leaf mines by these parasitoid species, it is doubtful they will attack species being considered for biological control of Chinese tallowtree.

As part of ongoing surveys for native bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) across the Hawaiian Islands, we undertook targeted sampling at Pu’u Wa’awa’a Experimental Forest Unit, North Kona, on the northwestern part of Hawai‘i Island during February to April of 2018 and 2019. This is one of the few areas containing remaining native dry forest on the leeward, dry side of the island. Our sampling revealed the presence of seven species of bark beetles not previously recorded from Pu’u Wa’awa’a. These included two native and endemic Hawaiian species belonging to the genus Xyleborus Eichhoff (tribe Xyleborini). The other five species are the exotic Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867), or the coffee berry borer, belonging to the tribe Cryphalini, which is a serious pest of coffee in the Hawaiian Islands, and four widespread adventive species belonging to the tribe Xyleborini, including Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1801), whose frass has been demonstrated to be able to contain a fungus that is a causative agent of the plant disease Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death which currently poses a threat to native ʻōhiʻa lehua trees. These records are presented and discussed in detail, and the newly recorded species are illustrated in colour photographs., Fragmenta Entomologica, Vol. 51 No. 2 (2019)

Two hundred and sixty-two adventive aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) have been previously reported in North America north of Mexico. We update this to include 25 previously unrecorded species, and include information on the location and date of first discovery, biogeographic origin, and economically important North American hosts for these species. The number of adventive species introduced per year has decreased overall since 1930.We discuss aphids intercepted at United States ports of entry and identified by the Systematic Entomology Laboratory from 2000–2016 and comment on how the composition of species intercepted may affect the adventive species that become established.

A new species of the phyline plant bug genus Rubrocuneocoris Schuh (Hetereroptera: Miridae) is described from Hawaii. Although known only from the Oahu and Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands, it is considered an adventive species originating from elsewhere in eastern Asia or the Indo-Pacific Region. A diagnosis, description, habitus images, and illustrations of male genitalia are provided to help distinguish this new species from the other 13 previously known species of the genus.

Three species of adventive beetles, Arthrolips fasciata (Erichson, 1842) from the family Corylophidae, Silvanoprus cephalotes (Reitter, 1876) and Psammoecus trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858 from the family Silvanidae, are recorded from the Caucasian region and from Russia for the first time. Psammoecus trimaculatus is the first recorded from Europe, and A. fasciata and S. cephalotes are first recorded from Eastern Europe.

Cryptoblabes gnidiella is an opportunistic species native to the Mediterranean region. This species has been reported from several dozen host plants, including many cultivated plants, especially fruit (e.g. grapes, lemons or pomegranates). It is considered a serious pest together with accompanying insects such as mealybugs. It is also suspected of being a vector of certain pathogens. The Honeydew Moth constitutes a threat not only to crops in the Mediterranean basin but is also becoming a problem in other parts of the world with a suitable climate, where this species has been accidentally imported. The records given here are from the time of year when pomegranates are commonly available on supermarket shelves. These data show that the import of this species is quite common and that the lack of such information hitherto may be due to its having been overlooked. This paper presents the first records of Cryptoblabes gnidiella in Poland.

New North American distribution records of the Palearctic micropezid fly Micropeza lateralisMeigen are given for the Pacific Northwest. In 2007, specimens of M. lateralis were beaten from Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) at two locales in Washington (new U.S. record). Micropeza chillcotti Merritt and Peterson, 1976 is proposed as a junior synonym of M. lateralis.

Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal, a Palearctic weevil that feeds on thistle species of the genera Cirsium and Carduus (Asteraceae: tribe Cardueae), is newly reported for North America. It was first collected by sweep net sampling of flowers of pasture thistle Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. at Fort Indiantown Gap, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania in late July 2011 and specimens were hand-collected from field thistle Cirsium discolor (Muhl. exWilld.) Spreng. at Gettysburg National Park, Adams County, Pennsylvania in late August 2012. This is the first published record of this Old World species in the Western Hemisphere. At present, five species of the genus Larinus are known as introduced into North America. These are L. turbinatus Gyllenhal, L. carlinae (Olivier) (known formerly as L. planus), L. curtus Hochhuth, L. obtusus Gyllenhal, and L. minutus Gyllenhal. Brief summaries of their hosts, distributions, biology and a key for their separation are provided.

We present faunistic data on two species new to Poland: Ptiliolum caledonicum (Sharp, 1872) and Baeocrara japonica (Matthews, 1885). Both species were found in the Mazury Lakeland in northeastern Poland. The latter species is regarded as an immigrant. Additionally, we confirm the presence of the rare Acrotrichis nana Strand, 1946 in Poland, previously only known from a single record from 2007. We provide further localities of this beetle in the Mazury Lakeland and the Mazovian Lowland in central Poland. Its dependence on dry biotopes is confirmed by specimens collected in old, dry, and fresh pine forests.

The Neotropical species Enneboeus marmoratus Champion, 1893 is reported from the USA based on the collection of three specimens in urban San Francisco, California, representing a new country record for the species. Additional specimens were observed and photographed at the same locality on various dates during August to October 2017. This is likely a recent introduction, and its level of establishment is unknown. This also represents the first record of Archeocrypticidae from California. Additional records of the only other known North American (north of Mexico) species, Enneboeus caseyi Kaszab, 1981, are provided. A world catalog of this small group of beetles is included.

Recent California collection records for three adventive species of soil-dwelling darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are provided, with observational notes on habitats and spread. Gonocephalum sericeum (Baudi), a widespread, synanthropic species in northern Africa and Middle East, is reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time. The species is illustrated and diagnosed, and the genus is incorporated into a key to North American Opatrini. Gondwanocrypticus platensis (Fairmaire), a South American species of Crypticini often associated with nest debris of imported fire ants, has spread widely in southern California. Opatroides punctulatus Brulle, first discovered in the Sacramento area in 2003–2008, has recently been found in abundance in and around Reno, Nevada and is spreading to new California counties. All three species are thought to be facultative opportunistic ant associates in disturbed habitats.

The postrelease impact of weed biological control agents on their target weeds is rarely assessed. This study focuses on the impacts of the univoltine broom psyllid Arytainilla spartiophila Forster on the growth of its target weed, the invasive shrub Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (Fabaceae), in California. Arytainilla spartiophila is an adventive species that has been present in North America for several decades. In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth as measured by both height and total stem length (height + length of all branches) was reduced on plants that received psyllids, and psyllid densities were negatively correlated to proportional change in plant height. There were no effects on number of leaves, however. Furthermore, the psyllid had no statistically detectable impacts on plant growth parameters in a field experiment, underscoring how results obtained under controlled conditions may not fully predict the performance of biological control agents in the field. The high psyllid mortality that occurred at higher psyllid densities in both the greenhouse and the field suggests that the impacts of A. spartiophila may be moderated by intraspecific competition.

SummaryChecklist of bees from Martinique (French West Indies) and their relations with visited flowers (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae, Apidae). An annotated checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) of Martinique, Lesser Antilles is presented. The bee fauna is constituted by 14 species: one endemic; five known only from the Insular Caribbean; four that occur both on mainland and the West Indies and three adventive species to the West Indies. Seven species are new island records: Megachile (Eutricharaea) concinna Smith 1879, Megachile (Pseudocentron) vitraci Perez 1884, Centris (Hemisiella) barbadensis Cockerell 1939, Centris (Centris) decolorata Lepeletier 1841, Centris (Centris) versicolor (Fabricius 1775), Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) analis Spinola 1853 and Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) similis (Cresson 1865). The list is arranged with data from literature and field researches carried out by the junior author between 2006 and 2014. A list of the visited flowers along with ecological notes ...

A new host and distribution record is provided for the whitefly parasitoid Baeoentedon balios Wang, Huang, & Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Specimens were reared from ficus whitefly, Singhiella simplex (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in St. Petersburg, FL, USA, representing the second confirmed host for B. balios, as well as the first record of Baeoentedon Girault from the Western Hemisphere.

Summary Adventive and potentially pestiferous species are a constant threat to the agriculture of Florida. Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), the elongate hemlock scale, is a recent but persistently intercepted pest of Fraser fir and related species grown out-of-state and imported annually into Florida as cut Christmas trees. Although this and a second species, Hemiberlesia ithacae (Ferris) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), the hemlock scale, may not become established in Florida on native or cultivated hosts, the risk remains and illustrates the importance of continued vigilance against pest species incursion.

In 2013, we examined the effects of conophthorin on flight responses of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with ethanol in Georgia, Michigan, New Hampshire, and Oregon. Adventive species (=exotic, nonnative, immigrant, introduced) accounted for 91.4% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Conophthorin increased catches of Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) in Georgia, New Hampshire, and Oregon. Catches of Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff) were increased by conophthorin in New Hampshire but not in Michigan. In Oregon, conophthorin decreased catches of Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) to ethanol-baited traps but not in Michigan and New Hampshire. In Georgia, conophthorin increased catches of Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch), Xyleborus spp., and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) but decreased catches of Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford), Dryoxylon onoharaensum (Murayama), and Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter). Conophthorin had no effect on catches of Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff), Anisandrus dispar (F.), Anisandrus sayi (Hopkins), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (Leconte), Monarthrum fasciatum (Say), Monarthrum mali (Fitch), and Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff). Attraction of the bark beetle, Hypothenemus rotundicollis (Eichhoff), was interrupted by conophthorin in Georgia. Our results suggest that adding conophthorin lures to traps baited with ethanol may have utility in detection programs in North America and overseas. However, traps baited with ethanol alone should also be used due to interruption in attraction for some species of ambrosia beetles.

In 2018, all the three species of the weevil genus Otiorhynchus Germ.: O. albidus Stierlin, O. asphaltinus Germar, and O. rotundus Marseul, first recorded from St. Petersburg in 2017, were present at approximately the same densities on Syringa vulgaris L. and S. josikaea Jack. in the places where they occurred in 2017.

One new state record and two range extensions are documented in California for three species of adventive European carabid species: Harpalus affinis (Schrank, 1781) and Amara apricaria (Paykull, 1790) and Agonum muelleri (Herbst, 1784), respectively.

Three parasitoids are known to attack the invasive leafminer Profenusa thomsoni Konow (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Alaska: Lathrolestes thomsoni Reshchikov, Lathrolestes soperi Reshchikov (both Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Aptesis segnis (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The two Lathrolestes species have similar biology and attack early instar larvae as endoparasitoids within hosts in leaf mines. Of these, L. thomsoni was introduced from 2004 to 2009 as a biological control agent, while L. soperi is a native or adventive species. Aptesis segnis is a native or adventive ectoparasitoid attacking pupae and prepupae of P. thomsoni in their earthen cells in the soil. This 2006–2011 field assessed the relative importance of L. soperi and A. segnis, and their interactions, in areas near Anchorage where L. thomsoni had not yet reached by the time of the study. Lathrolestes soperi and Aptesis segnis, were found to cause 14 and 27% mortality to the pest, respectively. While A. segnis was at times a facultative hyperparasitoid, most commonly it was a primary parasitoid, attacking the host in the soil. These data describe the system before the arrival of the introduced parasitoid. Comparison to future studies after the introduced biocontrol L. thomsoni has spread and developed stable populations, will allow assessment of the impact of the released parasitoid on the host relative to the pre-existing level of control from other natural enemies.

Mezira subsetosa Josifov and Kerzhner, a mezirine aradid native to the East Palearctic Region, is newly reported from North America. Beginning in 2015, by-catch specimens were extracted from Lindgren funnel trap samples in Maryland as part of a state surveillance program monitoring for the presence of exotic bark and ambrosia beetles and other wood-boring insects. This is the first confirmed record of this aradid in the New World. Subsequent collections from similar pest surveillance trapping in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia, coupled with verifiable online images of M. subsetosa photographed at various locations in the District of Columbia, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, support the establishment of this species in the Mid-Atlantic states. A diagnosis, redescription, high-resolution images of the adult male and female, and a revised key to U.S. species of Mezira are provided.

An adventive, previously undescribed species, Neophyllaphis varicolor Miller and Halbert, n. sp., is described and illustrated. A modified key to Neophyllaphis found on Podocarpus spp. (Podocarpaceae) and a key to Neophyllaphis in the USA are provided.

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.; Urticaceae), a Holarctic perennial herb, is a host plant of two lygaeoids of the family Heterogastridae: Heterogaster urticae (F.) in the Palearctic and H. behrensii (Uhler) in the Nearctic Region. We give the first published North American records (other than port-of-entry interceptions) of H. urticae, based on fieldwork in British Columbia in 2010 and 2011. We also give new distribution records for H. behrensii, a species of special concern in the province; it previously was known in Canada only from one site in British Columbia. Morphological characters are provided to distinguish the species. Both heterogastrids were collected from stinging nettle in British Columbia's Lower Fraser Valley and on Vancouver Island; H. urticae also was taken in the Vancouver Metro Area. The species were syntopic in two nettle colonies. We suggest that the heterogastrids'syntopy provides an opportunity to determine whether the adventive H. urticae might adversely affect the nat...

The beech flea weevil, Orchestes fagi (L.) (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Rhamphini), is recorded for the first time in North America as established in the vicinities of Halifax, Chester, and Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada in association with the American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. A detailed listing of locality information for the species in Nova Scotia is given, along with a summary of the species' biology in Europe. No details are yet available for the species' biology in North America. Also included are a checklist of North American Rhamphini and a key to the now seven species of Orchestes Illiger known from North America.

Aphis intybi Koch is recorded for the first time in North and South America. Measurements for the identification of this species in comparison with Aphis craccivora Koch are given. Aphis cytisorum Hartig is recorded for the third time in Argentina. Data on morphological variation, geographical distribution, and host plants of these species in Argentina are provided. Their morphological identification is supported by comparison of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (DNA barcode) and subunit 2. Aphis intybi Koch se cita por primera vez tanto en América del Sur como del Norte. Se aportan características métricas para la identificación de la especie en comparación con Aphis craccivora Koch. Aphis cytisorum Hartig se cita por tercera vez en la Argentina. Se aportan datos sobre la variación morfológica, así como sobre la distribución geográfica y las plantas hospedadoras en Argentina de esas especies. Las identificaciones morfológicas han sido corroboradas mediante comparaciones de las secuencias de la citocromo oxidasa I (DNA barcode) y de la citocromo oxidasa II del DNA mitocondrial. EEA Mendoza Fil: Mier Durante, Milagros Pilar. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental (área de Zoología); España Fil: Foottit, Robert. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Canadian National Collection of Insects. Invertebrate Biodiversity; Canadá Fil: Dohlen, Carol D. Von. Utah State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos Fil: Ortego, Jaime. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina

Redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB), Xyleborus gla bratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Sco lytinae), a native of Asia, was first discovered in the USA near Savannah, Georgia in 2002 (Haack 2001; Rabaglia et al. 2006). RAB is an effective vector of Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Harrington et al. 2008) that causes laurel wilt (LW), a lethal disease of several trees in the Lauraceae in the southeastern USA (Crane et al. 2008; Mayfield et al. 2008). Ambrosia beetle adults bore through the bark and into the xy lem (wood) where they lay eggs, then adults and larvae cultivate and feed on symbiotic ambrosia fungi that grow in the galleries. Native Persea (Laurales: Lauraceae) species appear to be pre ferred hosts. LW is responsible for high mortality of redbay [P borbonia (L.) Spreng.], swampbay [P palustris (Raf.) Sarg.], and sassafras [Sassa fras albidum (Nuttall) Nees] in Alabama, Flor ida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina (Fraedrich et al. 2008; Hanula et al. 2008; Gramling 2010). As LW encroaches upon the Lake Wales Ridge ecosystem in south central Florida, silkbay (P. humilis Nash) is also showing susceptibility to LW and is dying. Addi tional species affected by LW include avocado (P. americana Mill.), spicebush [Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume], and other woody Lauraceae (Fraedrich et al. 2008) (Table 1). The susceptibility of 5 avocado cultivars of Mexican, Guatemalan or West Indian origin to RAB and LW was demonstrated by Mayfield et al. (2008). However, with more than 23 West In dian cultivars grown in Florida, it is necessary to determine their susceptibility. Moreover, as an adventive species to the North American conti nent, RAB might affect other valuable New World species. Most Persea species are of Mexican, Cen tral American, or South American origin. These Persea may have significant value in germplasm collections, some have been discovered recently, and some have resistance to diseases that afflict their commercial relative, the avocado (Skutch et l. 1992; Scora & Bergh 1992; Zentmyer & Schieber 1992). Thus, their susceptibility to RAB and LW warrants evaluation. Another member of the Lauraceae of much concern is the California bay laurel [Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.], a dominant hardwood species of the U.S. Pacific Coast. Through inoculation experi ments, Fraedrich (2008) demonstrated that U. californica is susceptible to LW. With continued westward spread of LW, the host status of U. cali fornica needs to be confirmed. The 3 studies presented here evaluate sus ceptibility to RAB and LW in: 1) 13 West Indian avocado cultivars; 2) 10 non-commercial Persea spp., 1 Beilschmidia sp. (a genus related to Per sea), and 3) U. californica. First, no-choice ex periments were conducted to determine if RAB would bore into avocado cultivars not screened previously by Mayfield et al. (2008) and follow ing similar methodology. Avocado cultivars 'Ber necker', 'Beta', 'Brooks late', 'Choquette', 'Don nie', 'Dupuis', 'Hall', 'Loretta', 'Lula', 'Monroe', 'Simmonds', 'Tower 2' and 'Waldin' (4 plants each) were planted in 10-gallon pots in a screenhouse at he Plant Sciences Research and Education Unit, University of Florida (UF), Citra, Florida in VI 2008. Two plants of each cultivar were infested by enclosing 4 newly emerged 9 RAB (UF colony reared) within a mesh sleeve on the lower trunk. Two plants per cultivar were uninfested controls. Entrance holes and perseitol (white exudate from wounds) were monitored for 4 wk. Severity of wilt symptoms was scored using the following LW in dex: 0 = no wilt; 1 = wilt, no leaf necrosis; 2 = wilt, 10% necrosis or defoliation; 3 = wilt, 30% necrosis/ defoliation; 4 = 50% necrosis/defoliation; 5 = 75% necrosis/defoliation; 6 = 100% necrosis/defoliation

New distributional records are given for two Palearctic hemipterans established on Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae), in the Pacific Northwest. Additional records for the centrotine membracid Gargara genistae (F) include British Columbia (Vancouver Island), Oregon (seven sites in five counties), and Washington (eight sites in six counties). For the tingid Dictyonota fuliginosa Costa, we give new records from British Columbia (lower mainland and Vancouver Island) and Oregon (five counties) subsequent to the recent (2008) updating of its North American distribution.

The tendency of aphidophagous coccinellids to bite humans is a subject that has seen very little study in the scientific community. With the introduction of adventive species, anecdotal reports of biting lady beetles have greatly increased in frequency and seemed to warrant further investigation. Coccinellids of three native species [ Coccinella novemnotata Herbst, Coccinella trifasciata L., and Adalia bipunctata (L.)] and the two most common introduced species [ Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata L.] were collected in the wild and reared separately in laboratory colonies. In caged biting trials, 40 individually marked coccinellids of a single species that were given either no source of food or water or aphids ad libitum were exposed to the experimenter's hand and forearm and the movement, bite frequency, and severity with which they bit into the skin were recorded. All species tested were shown to bite humans. Feeding treatment did not have a significant effect on biting propensity or bite duration in most species. Large adventive species such as Coccinella septempunctata were distinguished by a lower propensity to bite than the smaller native species. All species except H. axyridis and C. novemnotata exhibited a startling blood-feeding behavior that is not yet clearly understood and was heretofore undocumented in this family of beetles. In two trials affording A. bipunctata and C. novemnotata adults a choice between cotton wicks soaked in cow blood or wicks soaked in water, both species preferred blood, with Adalia bipunctata preferring blood to a much greater extent. Furthermore, survivorship of hematophagic coccinellids was tested as well by monitoring the survival and weight change across individuals afforded the following five treatments: 21 aphids per day, 3 aphids per day, 3 aphids per day in addition to blood, blood only, and water only. Coccinellids given 3 aphids per day exhibited very low mortality with only three dead individuals, while the treatment given the same number of aphids in addition to bovine blood exhibited a significant drop in survivorship very similar to that of the treatment given only blood. This remarkable trend is likely a result of oxidative stress and other hardships involved with feeding on vertebrate blood. Based on the level of mortality of coccinellids that overwinter within a building (the location of greatest exposure to humans) and their lack of adaption to human blood and tissue feeding, we predict that the currently rare behavior of biting humans should decline.

Surveys of black flies on four Pacific islands revealed four species on Okinawa, two on Guam, and none on Rota or Saipan. Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti represents a new record for Guam and the only black fly that is not precinctive to Oceania. The banding patterns of the larval polytene chromosomes of this species are identical among populations from Guam, Okinawa, and Thailand, suggesting that the insular colonizations might be recent.

The Asian buprestid Agrilus subrobustus Saunders was first recorded from North America on the basis of three adults taken in sticky traps at a site in northwestern Georgia in 2006; nine adults since have been trapped at a site in eastern Tennessee. We collected adults of A. subrobustus by beating branches of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) trees in the Southeast in 2007 (2 specimens) and 2010 (119 specimens). The collections represent the first records from Alabama (11 counties) and South Carolina (3 counties) and add to new records for Georgia (11 counties) and Tennessee (1 county). We map the known U.S. distribution of A. subrobustus and provide a description, diagnosis, photographs of the male genitalia, and color photographs of the adult to facilitate recognition of this adventive buprestid in the North American fauna.

Athalia cornubiae Benson, an Old World species that feeds on Sedum (Crassulaceae), is reported from North America. It was collected in a Lindgren funnel trap in East Syracuse, Onondaga Co., New York, U.S.A. in 2007 and found in Malaise trap collections at a residence in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, in 2010. This is the first record of both the genus and species in the Western Hemisphere.

Euscelis ohausi Wagner, a Palearctic deltocephaline leafhopper found mainly on Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius; Fabaceae), was reported new to North America in 1971 based solely on late-instar nymphs from one locale in Oregon. We now confirm its establishment in North America based on collections from nine localities in Oregon, three in Washington, and four in British Columbia (first Canadian record). United States records are listed and mapped, and the adult is briefly described and illustrated. Characters are provided to distinguish E. ohausi from other species of the genus occurring in North America.

Pseudococcus saccharicola Takahashi was collected on Guana Island, and nearby Beef Island and Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). The records are the first in the Western Hemisphere for this potentially important Old World pest of sugarcane and certain other graminoid crops. Host plants on Guana were Chloris barbata Sw. (swollen fingergrass), C. radiata (L.) (radiate fingergrass), Cynodon dactylon L. (bermudagrass), and Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane). A probable mealybug predator associated with colonies of P. saccharicola on all three islands was the hyperaspidine coccinellid Hyperaspis scutifera (Mulsant), previously recorded in the West Indies only from the Leeward Antilles (Curacao). Both the mealybug and lady beetle are considered adventive in the BVI. Diagnoses and illustrations of both species are provided to facilitate their recognition. Hyperaspis sanctaeritae Dobzhansky, 1941, described from Arizona, USA, is proposed (by N.J.V.) as a junior synonym of H. scutifera (Mulsant 1850).

Eriophyoids have high potential as adventive mite species (AMS) because their small size make them difficult to detect, and can be easily distributed in world trade. Economic, social and environmental impact from adventive eriophyoid mites has been significant. Considerable attention has been given to adventive insect species while adventive mites have received little attention and little information is available for eriophyoids. This paper summarizes information on adventive eriophyoid mites, their impact, and the history of some important invasions. The status of adventive species of eriophyoids introduced as biological control agents of weeds is presented. A list of eriophyoid mites reported as invasive species worldwide is given. Pathways of concern and biosecurity actions to reduce the risk of eriophyoid mites are discussed. The need to raise public awareness of the risk and importance of these tiny organisms as AMS is emphasized. Scientific and technical challenges to deal with adventive eriophyoids are discussed.

New distributional records are presented for three non-native megachilid bees—Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus), Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger), and Megachile sculpturalis Smith. These bees inhabited every county in Connecticut and several others in nearby northeastern states. My records of A. manicatum from Massachusetts and Rhode Island and of A. oblongatum from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont represent the first published state records. The multiple, largely exotic, floral hosts reported with the distributional records provide more evidence that A. manicatum and A. oblongatum are polylectic. The current distributional range and the potential impact of these adventive species are discussed briefly.

Thirty-five species of Latridiidae are reported in Atlantic Canada as a whole, 17 in New Brunswick, 14 in Newfoundland, 31 in Nova Scotia, and 14 on Prince Edward Island. Fifty-six new provincial records are reported (11 in New Brunswick, 9 in Newfoundland, 23 in Nova Scotia, 13 in Prince Edward Island). Twenty-two species are newly recorded for Atlantic Canada. Of these,Cartodere(Aridius)bifasciata(Reitter),Enicmus histrioJoy and Tomlin,Latridius consimilis(Mannerheim),Corticaria elongata(Gyllenhal),C. impressa(Olivier),C. saginataMannerheim,Corticarina longipennis(LeConte),Melanophthalma helvolaMotschulsky, andM. inermisMotschulsky are newly recorded in Canada, andC. bifasciata,E. histrio, andC. saginataare newly recorded in North America.Dienerella filiformis(Gyllenhal) is removed from the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island lists.Corticaria dentigeraLeConte is removed from the Labrador and Atlantic Provinces lists.Melanophthalma incultaMotschulskysyn. nov.andM. signataBelonsyn. nov.are designated as a junior synonyms ofM. inermisMotschulsky andM. picta(LeConte), respectively.Melanophthalma helvolaMotschulsky is reinstated as a valid species. Lectotypes and paralectotypes ofM. helvolaandM. americana(Mannerheim) are designated. Approximately half of the species are adventive (16 Palaearctic, 1 Australian) and half are native (13 Nearctic, 3 Holarctic). Two species are of uncertain zoogeographic status. Although some species are synanthropic, several have colonized native habitats. Nova Scotia has the largest number of adventive species, probably as a result of trans-Atlantic shipping. New Brunswick has the fewest, at least in part because of insufficient collecting there. Early detection dates and introduction processes are discussed. The native faunas on Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton Island, and Newfoundland appear diminished (33%–40%) compared with those of the neighbouring mainland. Although all latridiids are mycetophagous, many in the region show clear habitat preferences; however, the ecological role of those species requires further investigation.

The East Asian psyllid Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) develops mainly on mimosa or silk tree (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.; Fabaceae). First recorded from Europe in 2001, the psyllid was detected in the Nearctic Region at two locales in Georgia, U.S.A, in 2006. Our surveys of mimosa in the southeastern United States in 2007 and 2008 indicate that A. jamatonica is widespread. It is newly reported from Alabama (9 counties), Florida (6), North Carolina (3), South Carolina (12), and Tennessee (4); 19 additional counties are reported for Georgia. The known U.S. distribution of the psyllid is mapped, a taxonomic diagnosis and description are provided to facilitate its recognition in the Nearctic fauna, and notes are given on its seasonality and habits. Also provided are color photographs of an overwintered (dark) and summer (green) adult, eggs, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs, and injury to mimosa leaflets.