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The environmental and faunistic research conducted included defining the composition and distribution of caddisflies collected using ultraviolet (UV) light trap at 11 stations along the Cetina River, from the spring to the mouth, and also along its tributaries the Ruda River and the Grab River with two sampling stations each, and the Rumin River with one station. The research was conducted in the period from August 2004 until August 2005 on the Cetina and the Ruda rivers, and from April 2007 to September 2007 on the Grab and the Rumin rivers. A total of 71 caddisfly species and 10,048 individuals were recorded in the study area. Results of the composition and structure of caddisflies were processed with statistical methods using the NMDS analysis. There were differences in the composition of caddisflies in the upper, middle and lower reaches. The paper also presents some ecological features of caddisflies, such as seasonal dynamics and diversity of caddisflies communities. Results of this work contribute to faunistic and ecological knowledge of Croatian caddisflies.

Adult caddisflies were collected during 2018 and 2019 from Kožuf and Baba mountains, located in the southern end of the Republic of North Macedonia. A total of 36 species were recorded, of which 22 and 8 were recorded for the first time for Kožuf and Baba mountains, respectively. Limnephilus flavicornis (Fabricius, 1787) is reported for the first time from the country from Kožuf Mountain. In addition, new localities of several rare and endemic caddisfly species were found. The results of this study highlight Kožuf and Baba mountains as refugium for caddisfly species of conservation importance.

A new alien psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei, native in Australia, was first discovered in Croatia in 2020. Its presence was also confirmed in the Botanical Garden of the Institute for Marine and Coastal Research (University of Dubrovnik) on the island of Lokrum, using DNA barcoding. Distribution and spreading of this alien species were noted as across the other continents so in Europe. The pest is considered as a threat to forestry, paper industry and could affect ornamental values of the eucalyptus species. It is important to continue with following research on this species because of the potential spreading and ascendant estimation.

The paper provides the results of DNA barcoding based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (mtCOI) of 110 Trichoptera specimens collected in 36 springs in the PannonianPeripannonian, central mountainous and Mediterranean part of Croatia. We barcoded 70 species from 32 genera and 15 families. The data obtained show interesting faunistic and taxonomic results, for, for example, the species Rhyacophila cabrankensis, R. balcanica, Crunoecia kempnyi, Allogmaus auricollis and emphasize the need for further faunistic research into springs, in their role as habitats with a specific and very interesting fauna. The mtCOI DNA barcoding should be included in such research, because it would enable better presentation of the results, especially regarding biodiversity, taxonomy, phylogeny and conservation biology, not just as a segment of a local but also of a global process of understanding biodiversity in a different way. The results of this study show a global need for the protection of springs, because they are specific not only as habitats, but also as localities with an interesting fauna and often endemic species of very limited distribution (for example Rhyacophila cabrankensis)., U radu se prikazuju rezultati DNA barkodiranja temeljenog na mitohondrijskom genu za podjedinicu 1 citokrom c oksidaze (mtCOI), za 110 primjeraka Trichoptera prikupljenih u 36 izvora u panonsko-peripanonskom, središnje-planinskom i mediteranskom području Hrvatske. DNA barkodirano je 70 vrsta iz 32 roda i 15 porodica. U studiji se ukazuje na neke zanimljive faunističke i taksonomske rezultate, npr. za vrste Rhyacophila cabrankensis, R. balcanica, Crunoecia kempnyi, Allogmaus auricollis te potrebu daljnjih faunističkih istraživanja izvora kao staništa sa specifičnom i vrlo zanimljivom faunom. U ta istraživanja zbog kvalitetnije prezentacije rezultata, posebno u područjima bioraznolikosti, taksonomiji, filogeniji i konzervacijskoj biologiji, potrebno je uključiti i metodu DNA barkodiranja mtCOI, kao segment ne samo lokalnog, nego i globalnog procesa u spoznavanju bioraznolikosti na jedan drugačiji način. Navedeni rezultati ovog rada ukazuju na globalnu potrebu veće zaštite izvora jer su specifični ne samo kao staništa, nego vrlo često i kao područja nalaza endemskih vrsta s vrlo malim područjem rasprostranjenja (npr. Rhyacophila cabrankensis).

Molecular methods are increasingly being utilized for accurate identification of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), especially in cases of morphologically highly similar species. In this study, we performed molecular research of the tick fauna in Croatia using DNA barcoding method. Ticks were sampled in three biogeographical regions and thirteen species were recorded: Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma marginatum, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes kaiseri, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Ixodes kaiseri is for the first time recorded in the fauna of Croatia. Of the thirteen hard tick species analyzed in this study, pathogens from different groups (bacteria, protozoa and viruses) have been detected in eight species in Croatia so far. For the important vector species R. sanguineus s.s., new distributional data for Croatia are given. The standard COI barcoding region was amplified, and the sequences were analyzed by species delimitation methods together with the sequences of conspecific and congeneric species from the public BOLD database. Our specimens of H. punctata represent a new, genetically distinct MOTU. A brief overview of the available public DNA barcoding data for Ixodidae is presented, highlighting the need for an integrative approach for the clarification of the taxonomic status of problematic Ixodid taxa. The results provide a basis for the establishment of a molecular data platform for the Ixodidae of the Croatian fauna.

In this study we describe Rhyacophila siparantum sp. nov., a new species of the Rhyacophila philopotamoides species group from the Bjeshkët e Nemuna Mountains in Kosovo, based on morphological (male adults) and molecular (sequencing of the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI)) characteristics. The new species is morphologically closest to Rhyacophila schmidinarica Urbanič, Krušnik & Malicky, 2000, and also closely resembling Rhyacophila hirticornis McLachlan, 1879. R. siparantum sp. nov. differs from both its most similar congeners primarily by the shape of the segment X, which is in lateral view short apically and with a pronounced lateral hump on the posterior edge. This difference, combined with other characters related to the shape of the second segment of inferior appendages, spine pattern of parameres and size of ventral teeth on segments VI and VII, make R. siparantum sp. nov. easily distinguishable from both most similar congeners. Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships were reconstructed using two methods of phylogenetic inference, and two species delimitation methods. All this supports Rhyacophila siparantum sp. nov. as a distinct taxon. The adults of Rhyacophila siparantum sp. nov. were found during the period May – August, nearby a small rheocrene spring inside a forested area. The new species is most probably a microendemic of the Bjeshkët e Nemuna, a mountainous massive known for several other endemic species of caddisflies. Rhyacophila siparantum sp. nov. is the seventeenth known species of the genus Rhyacophila Pictet, 1834 from Kosovo.

To date, 13 species of Trichoptera from 11 genera and 8 families have been reported for the Adriatic islands of Cres, Krk, Pag and Hvar. Relatively recent research has been conducted on the islands of Cres, Krk and Pag, where 329 adults of Trichoptera belonging to 10 species from 8 genera and 6 families were collected. Most dominant was Ecnomus tenellus with 235 specimens collected (islands of Krk and Cres), followed by Leptocerus tineiformis (Krk) with 51 specimens collected. Only one specimen of the each species Stenophylax mitis (Cres) and Mystacides azurea (Krk) was recorded. Most of the species were recorded on the island of Krk (7), and the lowest on the island of Pag (2). Faunistically most interesting was the first finding of species Stenophylax mitis McL. for the fauna of Croatia., Na području jadranskih otoka (Cres, Krk, Pag, Hvar) utvrđeno je do sada 13 vrsta Trichoptera iz 11 rodova i 8 porodica. Novija istraživanja provedena su na otocima Cresu, Krku i Pagu u kojima je prikupljeno 329 adultnih oblika Trichoptera s 10 vrsta iz 8 rodova i 6 porodica. Najdominantnije vrste bile su Ecnomus tenellus s 235 prikupljenih primjeraka (Krk i Cres) i Leptocerus tineiformis (Krk) s 51 prikupljenim primjerkom, a samo s jednim primjerkom zabilježene su vrste Stenophylax mitis (Cres) i Mystacides azurea (Krk). Najveći broj vrsta utvrđen je na otoku Krku (7), a najmanji na otoku Pagu (2). Faunistički najzanimljiviji je nalaz vrste Stenophylax mitis McL. koja je ovim istraživanjima utvrđena po prvi puta u fauni Hrvatske.

The subfamily Drusinae (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) is represented in Croatia with eight (8) species, including Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 recorded for the first time in Croatian fauna. The species was collected on two occasions: March 10th 2015 and March 6th 2021 in the Šumi Spring, at the Ivanščica Mt. in Hrvatsko Zagorje (North Croatia). This new finding considerably extends the distribution of this species, previously considered a microendemic of the Alps. The distribution of the two species, Drusus schmidi Botosaneanu, 1960 and D. croaticus Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1971 has been also enlarged with new findings. Within this study, nine specimens of the aforementioned species have been DNA barcoded and sequences were entered into the BOLD database. The results of this paper contribute to the ecological and faunistic knowledge of caddisflies in Croatia, with an emphasis on the subfamily Drusinae.

The paper brings data about the new findings of the rare Mediterranean caddisfly species Micropterna wageneri Mal. in Croatia with first data of DNA barcoding for this species. The species is recorded in Konavle region and on the Mt. Biokovo. We also present the diversity of the genus Micropterna in Croatia and discuss issues related to the DNA barcoding for this genus in Croatia and Europe.

The montane species Catoptria acutangulellus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) was reconfirmed from Croatia on Mt Biokovo after almost 100 years. Previous historical records were published in 1850 from Mt Biokovo and 1896 from the area around Rijeka. There are no recently published records of this species, whether from Mt Biokovo or any other Croatian mountain. Therefore, these new records also represent the first findings of this species for Mt Biokovo in more than 140 years. Habitat loss or habitat change due to global warming could be a threat to montane species such as C. acutangulellus. Since the only known localities of C. acutangulellus in Croatia are the highest parts of Mt Biokovo, in the future it could be a threatened species in the country. Altogether 15 specimens of C. acutangulellus were collected during a field trip to Mt Biokovo, on 20th August 2019. Later on, another 15 specimens were discovered from the same area in the Kučinić Collection from CNHM in Zagreb. All specimens were collected by the second author in the 1990s. These findings reconfirm the presence of C. acutangulellus in the fauna of Croatia and provide evidence that this species is still present on Mt Biokovo., Nakon skoro 100 godina na planini Biokovu je za Hrvatsku potvrđena planinska vrsta Catoptria acutangulellus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847). Prethodni nalazi potječu iz 1850. s Biokova i iz 1896. godine iz okolice Rijeke. Ne postoje recentni objavljeni nalazi za ovu vrstu, niti s Biokova, niti nekog drugog područja Hrvatske. Osim toga ovi novi nalazi predstavljaju prve nalaze za područje planine Biokovo nakon više od 140 godina. Nestanak staništa ili promjene na staništima nastale uslijed globalnog zatopljenja mogli bi biti prijetnja planinskim vrstama kao što je C. acutangulellus. S obzirom na to da su jedina poznata nalazišta ove vrste najviši dijelovi Biokova, u budućnosti bi ova vrsta mogla biti ugrožena u Hrvatskoj. Tijekom terenskog istraživanja 20. kolovoza 2019. godine na Biokovu je ulovljeno ukupno 15 primjeraka vrste C. acutangulellus. U nastavku rada je također otkriveno 15 primjeraka s istog područja pohranjenih u Zbirci Kučinić u HPM-u u Zagrebu, prikupljenih 90-tih godina 20. st. Ovi dodatni nalazi potvrđuju prisustvo vrste C. acutangulellus u fauni Hrvatske te ukazuju na to da je ta vrsta i dalje prisutna na području planine Biokovo.

In this paper new data on distribution and new taxonomic status of the caddisfly Triaenodes ochreellus lefkas are given. DNA barcoding data are also included into defining new status of the species Triaenodes lefkas stat. nov. Data from DNA barcoding analyses of 60 specimens from the genus Triaenodes from the BOLD database show certain taxonomic peculiarities in specimens of T. unanimis from Japan.

Caddisfly faunistic and ecological features were studied at 14 sampling sites along the catchment area of the Dobra River. Adults were collected monthly, over a period of 13 months (from early November 2009 until the end of November 2010), using ultraviolet (UV) light trap and entomological net. Physico-chemical parameters of water and air were also measured at all sampling sites. The study encompassed several segments of caddisfly fauna: the composition, new records, the distribution of all recorded species and seasonal dynamics. A total number of 77 species were recorded, out of which 15 species and four genera were new records for Croatian caddisfly fauna. The CCA analysis showed that the water temperature and the altitude had the highest impact on distribution of caddisfly fauna in this area. The results of this study contribute to the increase of faunistic and ecological knowledge of the Croatian caddisflies.

This paper presents the distribution of two species of the genus Ecclisopteryx in Croatia based on literature data and the new records: E. keroveci and E. ivkae. The species E. ivkae was recorded at eight sites in the catchment area of the Cetina River, while E. keroveci occurs within the catchment area of the Kupa River and along the Veličanka River. Due to the restricted distribution, we proposed conservation and protection measures for both species.

The biological control agent and alien invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), once introduced for pest control in Europe, is now spreading very rapidly over the European continent, especially since 2002. In this paper we give the first documented record of H. axyridis from Albania, southeastern Europe. The species was recorded in three localities in Albania.

In this study we present: two species of caddisflies new for Croatian fauna from the family Hydroptilidae (Hydroptila simulans Mosley, Orthotrichia costalis Curtis), first DNA barcoding of caddisfly species in the Krka National Park and a discussion about recorded caddisfly fauna in the Krka NP from this study. From a faunistic point of view several species are interesting: Hydropsysche mostarensis Klapálek, Hydroptila simulans Mosely, Hydroptila forfcipata Eaton, Orthotrichia costalis Curtis and Tinodes pallidulus McLachlan. For the species Oecetis notata Rambur we have recorded interesting taxonomical remarks. Furthermore, within this study we used DNA barcoding which showed to be a very good and useful method for identification of very small and morphologically similar species from the family Hydroptilidae, or females from the family Psychomyiidae., U ovome radu prikazujemo: dvije nove vrste zabilježene u fauni Hrvatske iz porodice Hydroptilidae (Hydroptila simulans Mosley, Orthotrichia costalis Curtis), prikaz DNA barkodiranja tulara u Nacionalnom parka Krka te osvrt na faunistički najzanimljivije vrste utvrđene tijekom ovih istraživanja. Faunistički najzanimljiviji su nalazi sljedećih vrsta: Hydropsysche mostarensis Klapálek, Hydroptila simulans Mosely, Hdroptila forfcipata Eaton, Orthotrichia costalis Curtis i Tinodes pallidulus McLachlan. Vrsta Oecetis notata Rambur nazanimljivija je s taksonomskog aspekta. U ovim istraživanjima metoda DNA barkodiranja pokazala se kao vrlo korisna u determinaciji vrlo malih i morfološki sličnih vrsta iz porodice Hydroptilidae te ženki iz porodice Psychomyiidae.

In Europe the Phyrganeidae family comprises 7 genera and 20 species. In Croatia, 6 species have been recorded from this family, and four of them recorded and collected in the last five years have been DNA barcoded. In terms of faunistic research, most interesting is the record of Trichostegia minor Curtis, 1834 from the region of the Gacka River in Lika, in upland Croatia. Up to now four species have been included in the BOLD system with 6 DNA-barcoded specimens. From the Gacka River area, 10 specimens of 8 species, including T. minor, have been barcoded and included into the BOLD system. Phylogenetic research based on DNA barcode data has shown some interesting results. Specimen of T. minor collected in the area of the Gacka River is clustered with a specimen of this species from Austria into a separate subgroup, which shows minor molecular specifics. Phylogenetic analysis has confirmed the justification of the status of a subspecies from Mongolia, Phryganea grandis rotundata Ulmer, 1905. Future Trichoptera fauna research in Croatia will continue investigations of the family Phryganeidae in various parts of the country for the purpose of ascertaining the detailed distribution of all the species recorded, to enable finding some other previously missing species, as well as collecting and DNA barcoding of Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848) and Oligostomis reticulata (Linnaeus, 1761). With respect to these species, the data will also be useful for the area of conservation biology, necessary for their protection and for the protection of the sites in which they occur, for it is clear that these are very rare species in Croatia, T. minor also belonging to this group: 50% of the species from this family recorded in Croatia are rare and very rare species., Porodica Phyrganeidae broji u Europi 7 rodova i 20 vrsta. Iz ove porodice na području Hrvatske utvrđeno je 6 vrsta, od kojih su DNA barkodirane četiri vrste, zabilježene i prikupljene u posljednjih pet godina. Faunistički najzanimljiviji je nalaz vrste Trichostegia minor Curtis, 1834 s područja rijeke Gacke (regija Lika), gorska Hrvatska. U BOLD bazu upisane su četiri vrste sa šest DNA barkodiranih primjeraka. S područja rijeke Gacke je DNA barkodirano i upisano u BOLD bazu 10 primjeraka s osam vrsta, uključujući i vrstu T. minor. Filogenetska istraživanja temeljena na analizi DNA barkod podataka pokazala su zanimljive rezultate. Primjerak vrste T. minor prikupljen na području rijeke Gacke grupira se s primjerkom te vrste iz Austrije u zasebnu podrgrupu, što ukazuje na manje molekularne specifičnosti. Filogenetska analiza potvrdila je i opravdanost statusa podvrste iz Mongolije, Phryganea grandis rotundata Ulmer, 1905. U budućim istraživanjima faune Trichoptera Hrvatske nastavit će se istraživanja porodice Phyrganeidae u različitim dijelovima Hrvatske u svrhu utvrđivanja detaljnijeg rasprostranjenja svih zabilježenih vrsta, potencijalnog nalaza neke još nezabilježene vrste, ali i nalaza te DNA barkodiranja vrsta Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848) i Oligostomis reticulata (Linnaeus, 1761). Za te vrste bit će potrebno utvrditi i određene značajke u području konzervacijske biologije potrebne za njihovu zaštitu i zaštitu lokaliteta na kojima žive, jer je očito da su to vrlo rijetke vrste u fauni Hrvatske, a u koje pripada i vrsta T. minor; naime, 50% zabilježenih vrsta porodice Phyrganeidae u Hrvatskoj su rijetke i vrlo rijetke vrste.

The caddisfly species Beraea dira McLachlan 1875 was recorded for the first time in Croatia in the upper course of the Bistrac River in October 2014.

In a recent 3-gene phylogeny of the trichopteran subfamily Drusinae Banks 1916, molecular data clearly correlated with the morphology and feeding ecology of larvae. The largest of three main groups, the Drusinae grazer clade, exhibits an unusual larval feeding ecology for Limnephilidae, and is the most diverse group. In this paper we describe four previously unknown Drusinae larvae included in this clade: Drusus balcanicus Kumanski, 1973 (micro-endemic to Eastern Balkans), Drusus botosaneanui Kumanski, 1968 (Dinaric Western Balkans, Hellenic and Eastern Balkan, Asia Minor), Drusus serbicus Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1971 (micro-endemic to Dinaric Western Balkans), and Drusus tenellus (Klapálek, 1898) (Carpathians, Dinaric Eastern Balkans). Characteristically, the larvae of these species have toothless mandibles typical of the Drusinae grazer clade. Larvae and adults were unambiguously associated using a phylogenetic analysis based on two mitochondrial [mtCOI, mtLSU (=16S) rDNA] and two nuclear genes (nuWG, nuCAD). In addition, information on the morphology of the larvae is given and the diagnostic features necessary for identification are illustrated.

Elmis rietscheli Steffan, 1958 (Coleoptera: Elmidae) is a typical inhabitant of cold springs and small streams in the mountainous areas of Central Europe. Recently, three specimens of E. rietscheli were collected in the source area of the Šumi, a stream flowing from Mt Ivanščica, northern Croatia. The morphological identification of the specimens was confirmed by DNA barcoding. This is the first record of E. rietscheli from Croatia, and it represents the southernmost record for this species known to date., Tipična srednjoeuropska vrsta vodenog kornjaša iz porodice slapoljuba, Rietschelijev slapoljub, Elmis rietscheli Steffan, 1958 (Coleoptera: Elmidae), naseljava hladne izvore i malene vodotoke u središnjoj Europi. Tri primjerka ove vrste prikupljena su na području planine Ivanščice na izvoru potoka Šumi. DNA barkodiranje potvrdilo je morfološku identifikaciju jedinki. To je prvi nalaz vrste E. rietscheli za faunu Hrvatske te predstavlja do sada najjužniju zabilježenu točku rasprostranjenja te vrste.

In the following paper, new information about the occurrence of the pyraloid moth Euclasta splendidalis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1848]) in Croatia is presented. Although this species from the microlepidopterous family Crambidae was presented as a new one in the Croatian fauna in 2012, three specimens were discovered during an examination of a large number of pyraloid moths collected by Mladen Kučinić in the 1990s. These specimens of Euclasta splendidalis were collected during several field trips to the Neretva Valley, south Dalmatia, in August 1996 and 1997 and are the oldest findings of Euclasta splendidalis in Croatia. Also, two specimens were collected during a field investigation in the same area conducted in 2016. These additional records suggest that this local and rare species has been present in the fauna of Croatia for quite a long time and that it has become permanently present in the fauna of Croatia. They also deepen the knowledge on the distribution of this species within the same area. Furthermore, a list of additionally recorded pyraloid species from the valley of the Neretva River is given., U radu iznosimo podatake o novim nalazima vrste livadnog moljca Euclasta splendidalis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1848]) u Hrvatskoj. Iako je ova vrsta mikrolepidoptera iz porodice Crambidae 2012. godine zabilježena kao nova vrsta za faunu Hrvatske, tri su primjerka pronađena pregledavajući zbirku Pyraloidea dr. sc. Mladena Kučinića prikupljenih tijekom 1990-tih godina. Primjerci vrste Euclasta splendidalis su prikupljeni tijekom terenskih istraživanja u dolini Neretve, u južnoj Dalmaciji, u kolovozu 1996. i 1997. godine. Ovi nalazi predstavljaju najstarije nalaze ove vrste s područja Republike Hrvatske. Usto, dva su primjerka ulovljena tijekom terenskih istraživanja koja su izvršena 2016. godine u dolini Neretve. Ovi dodatni nalazi ukazuju na to da je ta lokalna i rijetka vrsta duže prisutna u fauni Hrvatske, te da je postala stalni element hrvatske faune. Ovi nalazi također proširuju znanje o distribuciji vrste Euclasta splendidalis na istome području. Nadalje se u radu daje popis dodatnih vrsta Pyraloidea zabilježenih na području doline Neretve.

The Plitvice Lakes National Park is a unique area in the world with a great variety of aquatic habitats, including tufa barriers. UNESCO has protected this area since 1979. In this paper, detailed faunistic results of the first research on Trichoptera species conducted from 1997 to 2001 are shown. Sampling was done using both light and emergence traps, and 77 caddisfly species were determined using the two methods. Furthermore, a brief overview of the Trichoptera research history in the Plitvice Lakes area is given along with a detailed presentation of caddisfly fauna and an extended second checklist of Trichoptera species in the NP. In the Plitvice Lakes 89 Trichoptera species have been recorded so far. Flight periods are given for each species. Also, the reasons of such a high degree of Trichoptera biodiversity (the highest in Croatia) in the Plitvice Lakes are highlighted. A comparison of species assemblages collected from the 12 localities was made along with the comparison of Trichoptera fauna composition in different aquatic habitats in the Plitvice Lakes NP: springs, streams, lakes and tufa barriers.

The Balkan Peninsula is known for its high species diversity, but it is also one of the least known areas of Europe. Many previously inaccessible regions lack reliable faunistic records. There are especially few data available for the highly diverse aquatic insects of the region. To help fill the gap, we conducted an extensive survey to map the Trichoptera fauna of the Republic of Kosovo, an area where faunistic records are extremely scarce. Adult specimens were collected during 2009 and 2010, with light traps and entomologic nets. Of 84 Trichoptera species identified from the 21 investigated stations, 15 belong to the genus Rhyacophila. This makes the genus the most species-rich in Kosovo. Rhyacophila fasciata and R. tristis are widespread in many streams and rivers all over the country, while R. balcanica, R. trescavicensis, R. obtusa and R. bosnica have limited distribution. Ten Rhyacophila species presented in this paper are recorded for the first time on the area of Kosovo. We also provide new data for the disjunctive distribution of R. palmeni in south-eastern Europe, from Kosovo and Croatia.

Annitella apfelbecki is one of three Annitella species with distribution ranges restricted to the Balkan Peninsula. In this paper, we describe the hitherto unknown female of A. apfelbecki and give the most important morphological features to enable its identification and separation from the other Annitella females. Additionally, we provide new data on distribution and discuss zoogeography, life cycle and ecology of this species.

The aim of this research was to identify pathogens in field populations of the genus Pityokteines from Croatia with special reference to their spatial distribution throughout the country. Pathogens occurrence was studied in 5, 968 adult specimens of three silver fir bark beetle species: Pityokteines curvidens, P. spinidens and P. vorontzovi. Four pathogen species were observed in different tissues of their hosts. The pathogens Canningia spinidentis and Menzbieria sp. were found only in P. spinidens, while Chytridiopsis typographi and Gregarina sp. were also present in P. curvidens and P. vorontzovi. Multiple infections were observed in all three beetle species where gregarines occurred together with C. typographi and in combination with C. spinidentis in the specimens of P. spinidens. All pathogen species found in this research are first descriptions on host Pityokteines spp., except Canningia spinidens. Data presented in this study show possible candidates for further tests to utilize pathogens as microbial control agents against fir bark beetles in the future.

The hitherto unknown larva of Annitella apfelbecki (Klapalek, 1899) is described and discussed in the context of contemporary Limnephilidae keys. In addition, its life cycle is discussed, and zoogeographical and ecological notes are included. Finally, we provide some additional information on the morphologically very similar larva of Melampophylax nepos (McLachlan, 1880).

The species Tinodes antonioi, a new species in the fauna of Croatia, was determined in northern Istria. The paper provides information about T. antonioi in Croatia (DNA barcode data, period of the finds, localities of the finds, numbers of males and females collected) as well as the biodiversity and distribution of the Tinodes genus in Croatia. A reference is made to the species endemic in Croatia, Tinodes andrasi, established to date at only one site in the south of Croatia (Konavle, Dalmacija).

The paper discusses the biological and ecological characteristics and distribution of 12 caddisfly species that have been ascertained to be rare, or even discovered for the first time, in Croatia: Rhyacophila palmeni, R. vulgaris, Glosossoma conformis, Wormaldia pulla, Hydroptila forcipata, Plectrocnemia geniculata, Micrasema minimum, Limnephilus graecus, Ceraclea riparia, Oecetis notata, Setodes punctatus and S. bulgaricus. Of these, the species that have been newly established for Croatia are: Plectrocnemia geniculata, Ceraclea riparia, Oecetis notata and Setodes bulgaricus, while the presence of the species Rhyacophila vulgaris, Micrasema minimum and Setodes punctatus has been established with confidence in the Croatian fauna for the first time (precise data of localities).

We present the first preliminary inventory of Trichoptera taxa in the Aegean and Adriatic Sea basins in Kosovo that have previously received poor and fragmentary attention. Adult caddisflies were collected using ultraviolet (UV) light traps in 13 stations in areas of the Aegean Sea and Adriatic Sea drainage basins in Kosovo. Nineteen species out of 82, reported in this article, are first records for the Kosovo caddisfly fauna. Five genera are recorded for the first time in Kosovo: Brachycentrus , Ecclisopteryx, Psilopteryx , Thremma , and Oecetis . During this investigation, we found several Southeastern European endemic and rare species whose previous known distribution was limited to particular areas of this region, as well as other species whose distribution is considerably enlarged by this investigation: Polycentropus ierapetra , Polycentropus irroratus , Chaetopteryx stankovici , Drusus schmidi , Drusus tenellus , Potamophylax goulandriourum , Oecetis notata , and Notidobia melanoptera . Even though this article is a result of a limited sampling effort, it increases the number of Trichoptera taxa recorded for the Republic of Kosovo to 131.

Geographic isolation, altitude, climate, landscape and habitat are significant predictors of butterfly diversity in mountain ecosystems. Their diversity and its dependence on altitude, aspect (compass bearing) and biogeographic characteristics of the butter- flies were surveyed on the karst mountain Biokovo in southern Croatia. The results affirm that there is a high diversity of butterflies in the study area and the species composition and biogeographic elements are more dependent on altitude than aspect of the moun- tain. The present study indicates that climate, relief and habitat preferences strongly influence the biogeographic features of species and the relationship between species richness per site and altitude, aspect and the altitude-aspect interaction.

Species of the genus Drusus usually inhabit cold springs and spring areas of mountain streams. Isolation of populations and a patchy distribution are reasons for high diversity and endemism in this genus. Nine taxa from the bosnicus group (genus Drusus) live in the Balkan Peninsula (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia). This study has two main objectives. First, morphological, ecological, and genetic features (mitochondrial COI and 16S genes) of the final larval instar of Drusus radovanovici radovanovici from Bosnia and Herzegovina are analysed. Association of larvae and adults of D. radovanovici radovanovici is carried out according to genetic data (mitochondrial DNA) of adults and larvae, and supported by their distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Second, phylogeny, taxonomy and distribution of taxa of the bosnicus group in the Balkan Peninsula are discussed. The analysis includes morphological and genetic data for the known larvae of the genus Drusus distributed in the Balkans. As a consequence, both subspecies of Drusus radovanovici are ranked as species (D. radovanovici and D. septentrionis stat. n.), and the status of other taxa from the bosnicus group is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The larva of Tinodes braueri McLachlan 1878 is described for the first time and compared with the larvae of other species in the genus. In addition, notes on the zoogeography and ecology of the species are included.