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The application of transition theories to the study of alternative food networks (AFNs) have improved the understanding of innovation processes triggered by the networks of actors during agro-ecological transitions. However, these models often reduce the categories of scale and territory as repositories of variables that define the dual relationship between the agro-ecological niche and the corporate food regime. In an attempt to overcome the static and dualistic niche-regime relation and, to capture the multidimensionality of innovation processes implicit in the agro-ecological transition pathway, we present an analytical model based on the precepts of: territorial configurations, social construction of agro-ecological markets, reflexive governance and scale as a social strategy. We applied this model to the analysis of agro-ecological transitions in two municipalities in the Paraíba Valley and in the Northern Coast of São Paulo, Brazil. We show that technological innovations and the generation of new knowledge in the transition process are dependant on the social skills of the actors involved in building broad social coalitions and reflexive governance spaces capable of converting knowledge into practices that result in the inclusion of family farmers in the scaling-up of agro-ecological transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the goals, instruments and characteristics of Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) enabled innovations in the Brazilian software industry emphasizing technologies, transmitting channels, learning processes, and organizational changes required by advanced digital tools. The methodology steams from the adaptation of an existing taxonomy for our specific purposes and the development of a field research in Brazil, with the help of the software Atlas.ti. We found that ICTs enabled innovations are not isolated events, since they affect existing processes, the relationship with clients and suppliers, and require greater integration of organizational functions. Important differences were observed due to the firms' size, internationalization level, technical capabilities and access to proprietary technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the generation of innovations occur, it must be considered both internal and external factors to the company to it. Taking into account that external factors are not controlled by organizations, it is necessary to determine which variables of this environment can influence the emergence of innovations. Thus, the aim of this study is to raise the indicators of the Brazilian states, which are considered exogenous factors and correlate them with the number of registered patents per capita in each one. To reach it we carried out a descriptive research with quantitative method, analyzed by correlation, among other. As a result, it was found that the variables: Internet, processing industry, transport, financial intermediation, information services, trade, service repair and real estate activities, had positive and significant correlation with the number of patents per capita. It was clear also that the processing industry accounts for 49.20% of patent filings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]