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There is a lack of alignment between the concepts of innovation ecosystem and innovation system, which are often used interchangeably. Thus, the objective of this research is to identify characteristics, distinctions and similarities between an innovation ecosystem and an innovation system. For that, an integrative literature review was carried out. 24 articles were retrieved and analyzed qualitatively. As a result, it can be seen that the concepts of innovation ecosystem and innovation systems have differences that need to be considered. The innovation systems literature is more developed and robust, has a focus on institutions, regulates the actors, adopts a linear and hierarchical approach. In turn, the innovation ecosystem is dynamic, self-regulating and focused on the market. It is concluded that both approaches can be used under a specific lens and are useful, provided that they are approached in a non-analogous way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]