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49 results on '"Leitão, João"'

1. Do Socially Responsible Higher Education Institutions Contribute to Sustainable Regional Growth and Innovation?

Author

Pedro, Eugénia de Matos, Leitão, João, and Alves, Helena

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the efficiency of public higher education institutions (HEIs) through teaching and learning (T&L), research and technology (R&T) and social responsibility (SR) activities. It also aims to assess the external factors influencing the efficiency of T&L, R&T and SR, and influence of this efficiency on sustainable regional economic growth and innovation intensity. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical approach is based on a two-step data envelopment analysis to compare the efficiency of 23 Portuguese public HEIs, using a Tobit regression, to assess the influence of the factors affecting HEI efficiency which in turn affects regional sustainability and innovation. Findings: The results lead to the following conclusions--HEIs with better SR efficiency are situated in large urban centres; an insular location is positively associated with HEIs' T&L and SR efficiency; HEIs' T&L and SR efficiency positively influence regional gross domestic product (GDP); and HEIs' R&T efficiency positively influences R&D in regional GDP. Practical implications: This study offers implications in the domain of sustainable regional growth. The study recommends that the policies of HEIs should concentrate on developing activities that meet the needs of the region. It also emphasizes the need to invest in recruitment of qualified lecturers and researchers, and creation of relevant PhD positions. The study also emphasizes the need for government actions to consider the most disadvantaged regions and create infrastructure to attract new companies and people. Originality/value: This study contributes to the existing literature on the efficiency of HEIs by considering the efficiency of not only T&L and R&T but also SR. It also analyses the influencers of both HEIs' efficiency and regional development.

Published
2022
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11. Corruption and Innovation: Mixed Evidences on Bidirectional Causality.

Author

RIAZ, Muhammad Faraz, CHERKAS, Nataliia I., and LEITÃO, JOÃO

Subjects
POLITICAL corruption, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, ORGANIZATIONAL transparency, ORGANIZATIONAL accountability, GRANGER causality test
Abstract

This study is an attempt to address the causality direction between corruption and innovation. In the empirical approach a panel data for 21 European countries in the 2006-2016 period is used. In order to investigate if the causality is context dependent, four different subsamples are considered, namely, Continental countries, Nordic countries, PIIGS and V-4 countries. Using Granger causality test for panel data we find that in whole sample, corruption causes in a Grangerian sense the innovation, while innovation does not cause a la Granger corruption. In the case of Continental and V-4 countries no evidence of causality in both directions is found. In Nordic countries corruption does not cause a la Granger the innovation, albeit innovation causes corruption in a Grangerian sense. In the case of PIIGS countries, empirical evidence reveals bidirectional causality. The empirical findings now obtained are particularly important for unveiling that both in contexts of stronger and weaker institutions innovation precedes corruption, so there is an open room for smart regulation aiming, on the one hand, to prevent 'innovation trolls' in established institutions, and on the other hand, to foster transparency and accountability of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

12. Barriers to Innovation faced by Manufacturing Firms in Portugal: How to overcome it?

Author

Silva, Maria, Leitão, João, and Raposo, Mário

Subjects
jel:O31, Innovation, Entrepreneurial Innovative Capability, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, jel:O38
Abstract

This paper aims to identify the barriers to innovation that influence the innovation capability of Portuguese industrial firms. The literature review about innovation makes use of two references approaches: (i) the systemic; and (ii) the networks and inter-organizational relationships. The database is obtained through the Community Innovation Survey II (CIS II) conducted by EUROSTAT. Furthermore, from the results several public policies are proposed in order to overcome the restraining factors of the entrepreneurial innovative capability.

Published
2007

13. Cooperation in Innovation Practices among Portuguese Firms: Do Universities Interface Innovative Advances?

Author

Silva, Maria José and Leitão, João

Subjects
jel:O31, jel:I23, Innovation, Networks, Entrepreneurial Innovation Capability, jel:O32, jel:I28
Abstract

This paper aims to identify the nature of the relationships that are established amongst agents who co-operate in terms of innovation practices. It analyses whether the entrepreneurial innovation capability of firms is stimulated through the relationships developed with external partners. The data of 2nd Community Innovation Survey of EUROSTAT is used in a logistic model. In the estimation process of the Logit function, the entrepreneurial innovation capability is considered as the answer variable. The scientific agents who cooperate in terms of innovation activities impact, positively, on the propensity to engage in innovative advances revealed by the firms, at the level of product innovation. The paper presents policy implications, which may be used in the design of public policies for fostering open innovation networks between scientific agents and firms.

Published
2007

14. What Determines the Entrepreneurial Innovative Capability of Portuguese Industrial Firms?

Author

Silva, Maria José and Leitão, João

Subjects
jel:O31, Innovation, Entrepreneurial Innovative Capability, jel:O32
Abstract

In the context of globalisation, innovation is considered as a key factor for enhancing the competitiveness of firms. Nowadays, it is widely accepted that Portuguese firms face an increasing competitive environment, which is characterised by internationalization and globalization. In this sense, it becomes important to analyse the determinant factors of innovation capability of firms. This paper aims to identify and analyse the degree of importance of the determinant factors of innovation capability of Portuguese industrial firms. The data obtained through the 2rd Community Innovation Survey (CIS II) conducted by EUROSTAT, is used in a linear regression model. The entrepreneurial innovative capability, measured as product innovation, is considered as the variable answer, in the estimation process of a Logit function. The paper presents an innovative contribution since it uses a set of five determinant factors of innovation capability of industrial firms, at a product innovation level. Technological capacity, dimension of the firm, activity sector, market orientation and location of the firm, are considered as determinants factors of innovation capability of the firms. The results of the joint analysis provide the identification of stimulating factors and restraining factors of the entrepreneurial innovative capability of a selected sample of Portuguese industrial firms. Under a Schumpeterian approach, the paper ratifies that large enterprises are more prone to innovate than small enterprises. The dimension plays a role, in terms of the strategic conduct implemented by small firms, which are not so prone to innovate, due to its small dimension. Benchmarking the Portuguese case is particularly important, because small industrial enterprises face restraining conditions imposed by outsourcing contracts that are established between small producers and leading international buyers. This restrains, broadly, the entrepreneurial innovative capability of small industrial enterprises.

Published
2007

15. Absorptive capacity, coopetition and generation of product innovation: contrasting Italian and Portuguese manufacturing firms.

Author

Pereira, Dina and Leitão, João

Subjects
*ABSORPTIVE capacity (Economics), *COOPETITION, *MANUFACTURING industries, *RESEARCH & development, *SOCIAL surveys
Abstract

This paper focuses on the effects of absorptive capacity and coopetition on the generation of product innovation, by making use of a sample of manufacturing firms, both high-tech and medium-low-tech, from Italy and Portugal. For this purpose, we use two datasets of 4,912 Italian manufacturing firms and 3,660 Portuguese manufacturing firms that participated in the European Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2010. A logit analysis is conducted for high-tech firms and medium-low-tech firms and the results reveal that for both types of firms, the absorptive capacity enablers of Italian manufacturing firms, such as internal R&D, external R&D and employee expertise have a positive and significant effect on the generation of product innovation. In addition, the establishment of coopetition relationships with Italian competitors denotes a positive and significant effect on the generation of product innovation. For the Portuguese manufacturing firms, both high-tech and medium-low-tech, we find that the absorptive capacity enablers mentioned above have a positive and significant effect on the generation of product innovation. In addition, the formation of coopetition relationships with Portuguese competitors also presents a positive and significant effect on the generation of product innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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16. The Idea of Justice in Innovation: Applying Non-Ideal Political Theory to Address Questions of Sustainable Public Policy in Emerging Technologies.

Author

Papaioannou, Theo and Leitão, João

Abstract

Justice as such is not a new idea. Since the time of Plato and Aristotle, justice has been conceived as a moral and political standard of how people ought to conduct themselves and relate to one another in a fair society and institutions. However, even though principles of justice and related theories have been used to provide guidance to social and political actions, technological innovation remains an area of policy and practice in which justice cannot be easily applied. This is not only due to the complex process of generating new technologies and their unpredictable impact on social relations and institutions but also to perceptions of value neutrality in the innovation process. Such perceptions make public policy difficult to sustain. Nevertheless, innovation is a human action that is guided by both ethical norms and interests and is significant for justice. Emerging technologies create opportunities for promoting justice, but at the same time, they also pose risks to injustice. This paper is of theoretical nature and aims to explain why justice needs to provide the normative direction of innovation systems and related public policy in the 21st century. Through a critical review of the literature, the paper argues that justice as such is a non-ideal standard which is significant for the legitimacy of emerging technologies and related developmental change. The normative direction of innovation systems in the 21st century depends on non-ideal principles of equity, participation, and recognition. These principles embody sustainable public-policy solutions to problems of unequal generation and diffusion of emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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42. Introduction

Author

Bosio, Giulio, Minola, Tommaso, Origo, Federica, Tomelleri, Stefano, Leitão, João, Series Editor, Devezas, Tessaleno, Series Editor, Bosio, Giulio, editor, Minola, Tommaso, editor, Origo, Federica, editor, and Tomelleri, Stefano, editor

Published
2018
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45. Towards a New Economy in Rural Areas

Author

Santos, Domingos, Leitão, João, Series Editor, Devezas, Tessaleno, Series Editor, Carvalho, Luísa Cagica, editor, Rego, Conceição, editor, Lucas, M.Raquel, editor, Sánchez-Hernández, M. Isabel, editor, and Noronha, Adriana Backx, editor

Published
2018
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49. The Selective Nature of Innovator Networks:From the Nascent to the Early Growth Phase of the Organizational Life Cycle

Author

Uwe Cantner, Tina Wolf, Cubico, Serena, Favretto, Giuseppe, Leitão, João, and Cantner, Uwe

Subjects
Entrepreneurship, Engineering, Patent office, Organizational life cycle, Survival, business.industry, Growth phase, Sample (statistics), language.human_language, German, Economy, Innovator, Inventor, language, Position (finance), Networks, business, Innovation, Industrial organization, Patents
Abstract

Earlier studies have shown that entrepreneurs play a key role in shaping regional development. Innovator networks where these entrepreneurs are members of, have been identified as one among many critical factors for their firms’ success. This paper intents to go one step further and analyses in how far differing characteristics of these networks lead to different firm performances along the early stages of the organizational life cycle (nascent stage, emergent stage, early growth stage). A sample of 149 innovative firms in Thuringia is analysed, using data from the commercial register and the German patent office. The results show that there is an inverted u-shaped relationship between the chances of a firm to survive and the connectivity of the network the firms are connected to but only in the later stage of the early organizational life cycle; while the structure of the ego-network never plays a role. A quite central position in the network shows-up to be unfavourable.

Published
2018

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