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Silver-based metal–organic decomposition inks composed of silver salts, complexing agents and volatile solvents are now the subject of much research due to the simplicity and variability of their preparation, their high stability and their relatively low sintering temperature. The use of this type of ink in inkjet printing allows for improved cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology for the production of electrical devices, including flexible electronics. An approach to producing a silver salt-based reactive ink for jet printing has been developed. The test images were printed with an inkjet printer onto polyimide substrates, and two-stage thermal sintering was carried out at temperatures of 60 °C and 100–180 °C. The structure and electrical properties of the obtained conductive lines were investigated. As a result, under optimal conditions an electrically conductive film with low surface resistance of approximately 3 Ω/square can be formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-based metal–organic decomposition inks composed of silver salts, complexing agents and volatile solvents are now the subject of much research due to the simplicity and variability of their preparation, their high stability and their relatively low sintering temperature. The use of this type of ink in inkjet printing allows for improved cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology for the production of electrical devices, including flexible electronics. An approach to producing a silver salt-based reactive ink for jet printing has been developed. The test images were printed with an inkjet printer onto polyimide substrates, and two-stage thermal sintering was carried out at temperatures of 60 °C and 100–180 °C. The structure and electrical properties of the obtained conductive lines were investigated. As a result, under optimal conditions an electrically conductive film with low surface resistance of approximately 3 Ω/square can be formed.

The main problem in preparing stable and printable inks for the inkjet printing of textile substrates is in overcoming their roughness and high sintering temperature. In this study, the modified Tollens’ process for the preparation of a suitable water-soluble ink containing silver for the inkjet printing of textile substrates as a tool for textronic applications was adopted. The choice of this type of ink ensured inkjet printability of textile surfaces with simultaneous sintering at low temperature not exceeding 90 °C. The surface resistance of the inkjet-printed silver layers on all the textile fabrics studied steadily decreased with the number of silver layers deposited. In the case of 8 prints on synthetic textiles made of polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyester and basalt fibres the surface resistance in the range 0.155–0.235 Ω/sq. was achieved. For some textile substrates made of natural fibres and their blends with synthetic fibres, to achieve the proper conductivity an interlayer of acrylic copolymer containing resin was applied. The surface resistance for the same number of prints was in the range of 0.389–0.622 Ω/sq. The study confirmed the usefulness of ink applied in printing silver electrodes and their resistance to bending, washing and dry-cleaning processes. On the basis of these findings, some potential applications in textronic systems, e.g., capacitors, textile heating actuators, textile patch antennas, and high-frequency transmission lines were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fabric heater was obtained by printing with particle-free silver inks on textiles. • The fabric with low cost, light, and low-voltage fabric heater. • An excellent Joule heating response with high stability. The usage areas of textile materials are expanding day by day and provide different comfort features to the user. In this study, it was focused on designing a fabric with heating feature. By the help of printing particle-free silver inks on textiles, a low-voltage and light-weight fabric heater was produced in wearable form using a low-cost fabrication process. To test the heating properties of the produced fabrics, a computer controlled electronic circuit was designed and implemented. The results proved that the heater designed in this work shows a very good heating performance with low voltage levels, after reaching 55 °C in a short time (<10 s). The heating and cooling patterns exhibit very similar behavior. Moreover, the fabrics with the conductive printed electrodes show durable and robust heating performance in different shapes and voltage levels. One of the most important advantages of this fabric heater is safety, based on the low voltage operation and faster cooling than heating. In addition, this fabric heater has the advantage of being able to be raised to high temperatures with low potential differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel technique of inkjet printing e‐textiles with particle free reactive silver inks on knit structures is developed. The inkjet‐printed e‐textiles are highly conductive, with a sheet resistance of 0.09 Ω sq‐1, by means of controlling the number of print passes, annealing process, and textile structures. It is notable that the inkjet process allows textiles to maintain its inherent properties, including stretchability, flexibility, breathability, and fabric hand after printing process. This is achieved by formation of ultrathin silver layers surrounding individual fibers. The silver layers coated on fibers range from 250 nm to 2.5 µm, maintaining the size of interstices and flexibility of fibers. The annealing process, structure of fibers, and printed layers significantly influence the electrical conductivity of the patterned structures on textiles. Outstanding electrical conductivity and durability are demonstrated by optimizing print passes, controlling textile structures, and incorporating an in situ annealing process. The electrical resistance dependence on the strain rate of the textiles is examined, showing the ability to maintain electrical conductivity to retain light‐emitting diode use, stable more than 500 consecutive strain cycles. Most importantly, inkjet‐printed e‐textiles maintain their characteristic washability, breathability, and fabric hands for applications in wearable technology. Inkjet printed e‐textiles with particle free reactive silver inks on knit structures are developed. The inkjet process allows textiles to maintain inherent properties including stretchability, breathability, and fabric hand. This is achieved by formation of ultrathin silver layers surrounding individual fibers. The e‐textiles are highly conductive by means of controlling the print passes, annealing process, and textile structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]